Studies on May beetles injurious to the turfgrass XV Life history, ecology and prevalence habit of turfgrass injurious chafer, Anomala osakana SAWADA

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1 Studies on May beetles injurious to the turfgrass XV Life history, ecology and prevalence habit of turfgrass injurious chafer, Anomala osakana SAWADA Kazuhiro TAKAHASHI and Masayoshi YOSHIDA

1) Fiori, B.J.: European Chafer: Aspects of night behavior. J.Econ. Entomol. 69: 462 ` 464. 1976. 4) Luginbill, P. & Painter, H.R.: May beetles of the United States and Canada. Technical Bulletin No.

7 1) Fiori, B.J.: European Chafer: Aspects of night behavior. J.Econ. Entomol. 69: 462 ` ) Luginbill, P. & Painter, H.R.: May beetles of the United States and Canada. Technical Bulletin No (USDA, Washington DC).: 1 `102. Plate 1 ` ) Ritcher, P.O.: Kentucky white grubs. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 401: ) Sawada, H.: Two new ruteline beetles from Japan. Trans. Kansai. Ent. Soc. 12, Pt, 1: 38 `

8 Summary The author investigated the life history, ecology and seasonal habit of Anomala osakana Sawada, a species of the most turfgrassinjurious insects to obtain useful information on controlling this chafer. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Adults emerged on the ground from the early part of June through the middle of August. The peak of adult emergence was in the middle of June. The adults, having nocturnal habit, emerged on the ground soon after the sunset. After flying in swarms, they copulated. Most of the adults were males and the flying in swarms was between p. m. 7 and 9 o'clock 2. Adults of both sexes emerged on the ground after about a week of the latent period following the adult emergence. Males emerged all days in continuation of 3 to 10 days. Most females emerged only once individually. 3. The life span and oviposition of the adults are supposed to be not affected by feeding on turfgrass. The life span of males is 16.3 days and that of females 17.1 days. The number of eggs laid is The adults ovipostted in the latter part of June. The length of egg stage is 16.0 days at room temperature with the average 5. Eggs were oval, 1.76 mm in longer diameter and 1.29 mm In shorter one. Directly before the hatch the eggs reached 3.48 times the initial weight. 6. Larvae directly after the hatch emerged in the early part of July and grew while injuring turfgrass roots. Second-stage larvae emerged in the middle of July and third-stage grubs emerged in the middle of August and they wintered. 7. The frequency distribution curve of width of head capsuule of larvae has three distinct peaks. Therefore, the larvae seems to molt three times. The lengths of the first and second stages are both about 20 to 25 days. 8. The ground abundant in the larvae has a high moisture content. 9. Pupae emerged in the latter part of May. The length of pupal stage was 12.1 days at 25 Ž. The average percentage of adult emergence was 95%. 10. Damage of turf grass grounds by the larvae increased in and after the middle of August. Further, as the secondary damage, it was observed that crows pick over the ground to catch the larvae. 11. To control this chafer, it would be advisable to spray a pesticide capable of retaining residual effects over a long period on the ground in the middle or latter part of June, when the adults will emerge, as in the contrl of Anomala schð±nfeldti Ohaus. percentage of egg hatch of 97.7 per cent.

9 芝草研究第11巻第1号1982年5月 85 A夜間芝草の上に出現した成虫 B夜間飛翔中の成虫 C吸水成長した卵 Dカラスによる芝草の二次日9孤害 E3齢前期の幼虫 F蛹 G成虫の前脛節にみられる雌雄の相違 H幼虫の尾部腹面(左)とラスター(右) 85 その中央部にみられる

(J. Yamashina Inst. Ornithol.), 25: 76-92, 1993 Breeding Biology of Dryocopus martius in Central Hokkaido Hirotomi Konishi, Toshioki Suzuki, Katsumi

(J. Yamashina Inst. Ornithol.), 25: 76-92, 1993 Breeding Biology of Dryocopus martius in Central Hokkaido Hirotomi Konishi*, Toshioki Suzuki*, Katsumi Tamada* and Yuzo Fujimaki* Abstract Observations were