医療機器学80巻2010年6月3号p281_289:原著

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1 A Wearable Bioinformation Recording System Hiromichi Maki, Hidekuni Ogawa, Yoshiharu Yonezawa, Junichi Iwamoto, Ishio Ninomiya and Kouji Sada Hiroshima Institute of Technology Sanyo Women's College Hiroshima International University Shakaihoken Shimonoseki Kousei Hospital Abstract A wearable bioinformation recording system has been developed for monitoring health conditions, daily living activities and heart function of elderly person. A tri-axis accelerometer attached to the elderly person can simultaneously measure dynamic and static acceleration forces. The heart rate, respiration rate, activity, posture and behavior are detected from the measured acceleration forces. These data are automatically transmitted to the host computer every hour, via a Personal Handy Phone (PHS). The host computer makes a graphic chart from these data. The elderly person's immediate family, caregiver or doctor can download the graphic chart to an internet mobile phone. When a heart discomfort is felt, the elderly person pushes the transmission switch on a wearable sensor, which sends the phonocardiogram (PCG) waveforms derived from the dynamic acceleration force of the prior two minutes and the waveforms for two minutes after the switch is pushed, directly to the host computer. The PCG is stored to the host computer. The doctor can download the PCG to the smart phone and monitor graphically. The developed system is not only applicable to at-home solitary elderly people, but could also be useful for monitoring hospital patients.

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5 医機学 Vo l 80 No った 開発したウェアラブルセンサは 日常生 活下において伸縮ベルトがずれない程度の強さ でアンダーウェア上から胸部に装着し 装着を できるだけ意識させることがないようにした 心音図と呼吸の信頼性評価は 3 個の心電図 記録用ディスポーザブル電極 日本光電 Vitrode K を胸部へ 呼吸温度測定用のサー ミスタ温度センサ 石韶電子 503 ET-1 を鼻 腔下へ装着して同時記録した心電図と呼吸波形 でおこなった 実験は 以下の 4 項目についておこなった 図4 1 安静 座位状態における心音図と心電図の 心拍数検出法 同時測定 心拍数 呼吸数 体動量 姿勢 行動の生体情 2 安静 座位状態における X 軸動的加速度 と呼吸気温度の同時測定 報と通報スイッチが押された場合の心音図は SD メモリカードに保存される PHS モジュー 3 24時間の生体情報測定 ルは 1 時間ごとにホストコンピュータへ 1 時 4 通報スイッチによる前後 2 分間の心音図記録 間分の生体情報を送信し 通報スイッチが押さ れた場合 前後 2 分間の心音図をホストコンピ 4 結 果 1 安静 座位状態における心電図と心音図 ュータへ送信する の同時測定 ホストコンピュータのフローチャートを図 3 b に示す ホストコンピュータは ウェア 安静 座位状態の 62 歳男性から 5 秒間同時 ラブルセンサから送信されたデータが心音図の 場合 通報スイッチが押された前後 2 分間分の 心音図データを受信 保存すると同時に 通報 スイッチが押されたことを家族 介護者および 医師へ電子メールで通報をおこなう データが 心音図でない場合 1 時間分の生体情報を受信 保存した後 最新の 24 時間の生体情報をグラ フ化し 保存する ホストコンピュータは 家 族や介護者の携帯電話からアクセスがあった場 合 グラフ化された最新の 24 時間生体情報を 送信し 医師のスマートフォンからアクセスが あった場合 通報スイッチが押された前後 2 分 間分の心音図を送信する 医師が使用する Windows Mobile ベースの心音図表示用スマー トフォンは リモートアクセス心電図モニタリ ングシステム 11 で開発した心電図波形表示プ ログラムを使用し 心音図データファイルを受 信 保存し 心音図をスマートフォンのディス プレイへ表示する 実験は あらかじめ被験者になることを承諾 した健康な 35 歳から 62 歳の男性 5 名でおこな 285 図5 安静座位時に本システムおよび心電計で 測定した心音図と心電図

6 6 医機学 Vo l 80 No 測定した心音図と心電図の一例を図 5 a に示 い空気が鼻孔から出てくるため呼吸気温度が上 す 心音図Ⅰ音とⅡ音は 心電図の 7 個の R 波 昇する 同様の結果を残りの 4 人でも得ること に対応して 1 対 1 の関係で出現し 7 個のⅠ音 ができた これらの結果から 0.1 Hz 0.7 Hz の とⅡ音が発生している すべての測定時間にお 動的加速度波形は 温度センサで記録した呼吸 ける任意の時点において 単位時間当たりの心 気温度波形と同期して変動しており 呼吸波形 電図 R 波の出現頻度から求めた毎分心拍数は を反映している 心音図Ⅰ音とⅡ音の出現頻度から求めた毎分心 拍数と同じであった 同様の結果を他 4 人の被 験者でも得ることができた 心電図の R R イ ンターバルと心音図のⅡ音 Ⅱ音インターバル とから求めた拍動ごとの心拍周期の関係を図5 b に示す RーRインターバルとⅡ音 Ⅱ音 インターバルの相関係数は 0.99 で RーRイン ターバルに対するⅡ音 Ⅱ音インターバルの最 大誤差は 1.1 % であった 他 4 人の被験者でも 図6 両心拍周期の間の相関係数と最大誤差は 同様 の値を示した 2 安静 座位状態における X 軸動的加速 度と呼吸気温度の同時測定 安静座位時に本システムと温度センサで 測定した呼吸波形と鼻孔下呼吸気温度 3 24時間の生体情報測定 1 安静状態での生体情報記録 安静 座位状態で胸壁の前後方向の動きを 35 歳男性で 24 時間測定した生体情報と行動 0.1 Hz 0.7 Hz のバンドパスフィルタで取り出 の一例を図 7 に示す 生体情報として心音図 した X 軸動的加速度波形と鼻孔下の温度セン 呼吸 姿勢 X 軸身体傾斜角度 姿勢 Y 軸 サで測定した呼吸気温度波形の一例を図 6 に示 身体傾斜角度 および体動量を 3 時間ごとに す 吸気時には 胸部の体積が増加し 前胸壁 体動量が 0.4 G 未満の安静時における 6 秒間の を前上方に動かせることから X 軸動的加速度 データを取り出した 心音図のⅠ音 Ⅱ音の が増加する この時 呼吸気温度は 冷たい空 振幅は変動しているが 出現頻度を正確に求め 気が鼻孔から肺に向けて流れるため呼吸気温度 ることができ 9 時 12時および15時に 6 秒当 が低下する 一方 呼気時には 胸部の体積が たり最高 7 回 0 時と 3 時に最低 5 回の心拍数 減少し 前胸壁を後下方に動かせることから を示した 安静状態でも時刻により呼吸の振幅 X 軸加速度が減少する 呼気時には 肺の温か および周期は変動していることが示された 呼 図7 3時間ごとの心音 呼吸 姿勢 X 軸 姿勢 Y 軸および体動波形 286

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