Tsonos.qxd

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1 13T02 ﾂｨｪ. ﾁ0907ｨｪ. 0308ｨｦｨｮ00. 00ｨｺ , 07, ﾂ Tech. Chron. Sci. J. TCG, I, No ｨｦｨｺｨｹｨｰ ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ ｨｰ 00ｨｦｨ 0004ｨｪ 03ｨｪ08ｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｮ04 00ｨｴｨｪ 0306ｨｴ000209ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ 08ｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ 0207ｨｺ ｨｮ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨｹ 03/ ｨｺ ｨｰ 08ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｦ00ｨｦｨｺｨｹｨｰ 0004 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｦｨｺｨｹｨｰ A ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ08ｨ ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ 0802ｨｦ09ｨ ｨｬｨ 00ｨｦｨｺ05 04 ｨ ｨｦｨｺｨｹ000400ｨ ｨｬｨｦｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｬ0905ｨｮ02ｨｴｨｰ ｨｮ02 ｨｺｨｹｨｬ090701ｨｰ 0107ｨｺ ｨｮ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ ｨｮ0004 ｨｮｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ0709ｨ 0906ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ0509ｨｺ02ｨｦｨ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ 08ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｮ04ｨｰ. 08ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ 0208ｨｦ080601ｨｴｨｪ 0206ｨｴ000209ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨ 09 ﾂｨｦｨｺ ｨｮ02 ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ07 02ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ05ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ 01ｨｦ05 ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｮｨｺ020107ｨｰ ｨｦｨｺ ｨｦ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪ0701 ｨｮｨｺ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 0208ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ0004 ｨｪ 0801ｨｦｨ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ07 ｨｺｨ 00ｨ 08ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｮ04. 04ｨ 09ｨ ｨｨ04ｨｺ02 ｨｹ00ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｴ000609ｨｴ ｨｬ02ｨｨ ｨ ｨｬ0905ｨｮ02ｨｴｨｰ ｨｦ06ｨｪ07ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 06ｨｦ07ｨｮ04ｨｬ0208ｨｴ00ｨ 04 ｨ ｨｪ0007 ﾂ07, 04 ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ0308ｨ, ｨ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｬｨｹ000400ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 04 ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｹ000400ｨ ｨ ｨｹ0204ｨｮ04ｨｰ 02ｨｪ ｨｦｨ ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 02 08ｨｦｨｮｨｺ0201ｨ ｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ0100ｨｺ09ｨｦ00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬ02 00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｦ01ｨｦｨｹ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ08ｨ ｨｮｨ ｨｪ 00ｨ ｨ 09 ﾂｨｦｨｺ ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ ｨｨ04ｨｺ02: ｨｦｨｪ ｨｺ0007: ｨｬ0802ｨｦ0908ｨ ｨ 08ｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0705ｨｰ 00ｨｹｨｮ07 ｨｮ0007ｨｪ ｨｪｨｦｨｺｨｹ ﾂ ｨｹｨｮ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｦ02ｨｨｨｪ ｨｦ0602 ｨｹ00ｨｦ 06ｨｪｨ ｨ 08ｨｹ 00ｨ 08ｨｦ07 ｨｺ0908ｨｮｨｦｨｬｨ ｨｬｨ 00ｨ, ｨｮ ﾂ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｦｨ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｮｨｺ020106ｨｪ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪ0701 ｨｮｨｺ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ ｨｮ02 ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ 0807ｨｪ07ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ, 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ 07ｨｦ 02ｨｬ02ｨ ｨｪｨｦ03ｨｹｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ0007 ﾂ0802ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺ07ｨｦｨｪ06ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ06ｨｪ 0107ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｮ000105ｨｴｨｬ0500ｨｴｨｪ. 03ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨｮ000701ｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ090701ｨｰ 0107ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｮ000105ｨｴｨｬ0500ｨｴｨｪ, 06ｨｮ00ｨｴ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨｮ04 02ｨｺ ｨｮ0206ｨｰ ｨｰ ( ｨｰ ｨｬｨ 0006ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ), ｨｨｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ02ｨｴ090705ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ01ｨｦｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ04ｨｮ01 ﾂ0400ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ 00ｨｦｨ 0004ｨｪ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｬ0200ｨｴ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺ010705ｨｴｨｮ ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｬ080302ｨｦ 0004ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ0308ｨ ｨｪ0007ｨｰ ｨｮ0007ｨｦ ﾂ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ02 ｨｬ ﾂｨｹｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｬ06ｨｰ 02ｨｪ0005ｨｮ02ｨｴｨｰ ｨｦ02ｨｨｨｪ07 09ｨｦ0905ｨｦ070009ｨ 0208ｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪ0006ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ 01ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬｨ 00ｨ 0208ｨｦｨｮｨｺ0201ｨ ｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 07 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｮｨｺ020106ｨｪ ｨｬ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ ｨ 08ｨｹ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪ07 ｨｮｨｺ0109ｨｹ0102ｨｬｨ, ﾂｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ ｨｮ04ｨｬｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ 0206ｨ ｨｦ0008ｨ ｨｰ ｨｦｨｮ ﾂ010906ｨｪ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ 0807ｨｪ07ｨｮ02ｨｴｨｪ, ｨｮ02 ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬ070002ｨｪ0208ｨｰ ｨｦ07 ﾂ06ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 00ｨ 05ｨｺｨ ｨｪ08ｨｴｨｪ [1], 0004ｨｰ 07ｨ 08ｨｴｨｪ08ｨ ｨｰ [2], ｨｦｨｺ0705 [3], [4], [5] ｨｺ ｨｪ ｨｦｨｰ, 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｦ0709ｨｦｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪ02ｨｰ 07ｨｦ ｨｮ01ｨｮ0004ｨｬｨ 00ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｰ 00ｨｦｨ 0004ｨｪ 0206ｨ ｨｺ090809ｨｴｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｮ01ｨｬ080209ｨｦ ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0208ｨｦｨｮｨｺ0201ｨ ｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 07 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｬｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｮ0007ｨｦ ﾂ0208ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ02 ｨｪ06ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ ｨｦ08ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｮ04. 03ｨｦ ｨｰ, ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ0004 ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ07 ｨｮ01ｨｬ080209ｨｦ ｨｴｨｪ 0208ｨｦｨｮｨｺ0201ｨ ｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 07 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ0007ｨｦ ﾂ0208ｨｴｨｪ, 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ0004ｨｰ ｨｮ04ｨｬｨ ｨｮ08ｨ ｨｰ, ｨｦ01ｨｦｨ ｨ ｨｹ00ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｹｨｺ09ｨｦｨｮ04 ｨｮ02 06ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0607 ｨｦｨｮ ﾂ0109ｨｹ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0208ｨｦｨｮｨｺ0201ｨ ｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ ｨｺ00ｨｦ0908ｨｴｨｪ ｨｬ ｨｴｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0009ｨｴｨｪ [2], [6] ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ 0004ｨｰ 0602ｨｮｨｮｨ 0507ｨｪ08ｨｺ04ｨｰ (1978), 0007 ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0905ｨｺ0107ｨｪ0801ｨｴｨｪ (1981) ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 0007 ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ 0004ｨｰ 08ｨ 05ｨ ｨｬ0500ｨ ｨｰ (1986) ｨｰ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｮｨｺ020106ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨｹ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪ07 ｨｮｨｺ0109ｨｹ0102ｨｬｨ 08ｨ ｨｮ08ｨ ｨｮｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｮ000701ｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ090701ｨｰ 0107ｨｺ0705-ｨｮ ｨｦ 0208ｨｦｨｮｨｺ020106ｨｰ 07 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ05ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｬｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ0007ｨｦ ﾂ0208ｨｴｨｪ 0600ｨｦｨｪｨ ｨｪ 0905ｨｮ02ｨｦ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｦｨ 0009ｨ 0206ｨｪ ｨｬ07ｨｮ08ｨｴｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ [7], [8], [9], [10], ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ02 00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｮ01ｨｮ0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ 00ｨｦｨ 0208ｨｦｨｮｨｺ020106ｨｰ 0304ｨｬｨｦ06ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｹ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ ｨｮ02 ｨｺ000809ｨｦｨ, ｨｴｨｮｨ ｨｪ 00ｨｹｨｮ ﾂｨｪｨｦｨｺ07 07 ﾂ [11] ｨｹｨｮ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪｨｦｨｺｨｹ ｨｮｨｹ09ｨｦ ﾂｨｪ [12]. 03ｨｦ 0002 ﾂｨｪｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ 0208ｨｦｨｮｨｺ020107ｨｰ 07 02ｨｪ08ｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｮ04ｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ, ｨ 09ｨｬｨｹ0307ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ 01ｨｦ02ｨｨｨｪ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｨｨｬｨｹ ｨｰ, 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ 07ｨｦ ｨｰ: ｨ. 0308ｨｦｨｮｨｺ ｨｬ ｨｦｨｪ02ｨｪ06ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ: ﾂｨｪｨｦｨｺ07 ｨ ｨ 09ｨｬｨｹ030200ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｦ080006ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｬｨｦｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｬ0500ｨｴｨｪ ﾂｨｴ0908ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨｴｨｮ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ 00ｨｴｨｪ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬ07ｨｺｨｴｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0705 ｨｮ000505ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 0107ｨｺ06ｨｪ [1], [6], [13], [14], [15] ｨｦｨｺ ｨｦｨｮｨｺ ｨｬ02 ｨｬ0209ｨｦｨｺ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｮ04 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0807ｨｺｨ 0005ｨｮ00ｨ ｨｮ04: 0302ｨ 09ｨｬｨｹ030200ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ02 ｨｺｨｹｨｬ090701ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｹ 09ｨ ｨｨｨｬｨｹ ｨｰ, ｨ 0107 ｨｮ01ｨｪ0009ｨｦ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ, 01ｨｦ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ 00ｨｴｨｪ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬ07ｨｺｨｴｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｴｨｮ04 ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦｨｺ ｨ ｨｦ070900ｨ ｨｪｨｴｨｬ06ｨｪ07 ｨｮｨｺ0109ｨｹ0102ｨｬｨ ｨｮ0007ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ0907 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ02 00ｨｬ07ｨｬｨ 00ｨ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺ0908ｨｮｨｦｨｬｨｴｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ06ｨｪ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ000505ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 0107ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ02 ｨｮ0100ｨｺｨｹ050504ｨｮ04 ｨｪ0607ｨｦ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬ07ｨｺ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0705, ｨｮ02 ｨｹ0807ｨｦ0701ｨｰ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0705ｨｰ 06 ﾂ02ｨｦ ｨｮ01ｨｬ ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹｨｰ, ｨｨ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ 0809ｨｹｨｮｨｨ020007ｨｦ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ 0807ｨｺｨ ｨｨ08ｨｮ00ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ 0007 ｨｺｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｦ090705ｨｬ02ｨｪ07 ｨｮｨｺ0109ｨｹ0102ｨｬｨ ｨｬ02 ｨｪ0607 ｨｮｨｺ0109ｨｹ0102ｨｬｨ [8], [11], [16], [18] ｨｪ 0009ｨｹ0807 ｨ 0100ｨｹ 0208ｨｦｨｮｨｺ020107ｨｰ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｪ 0208ｨｦｨｮｨｺ ｨｦ 01ｨｦｨ 0007ｨｬ06ｨｰ ﾂｨ ｨｪ ｨ 09 ﾂｨｦｨｺ05 00ｨ 0107ｨｬｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｮ0007ｨｦ- ﾂ0208ｨ.

2 1322 T02 ﾂｨｪ. ﾁ0907ｨｪ. 0308ｨｦｨｮ00. 00ｨｺ , 07, ﾂ Tech. Chron. Sci. J. TCG, I, No ｨｪ08ｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｮ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｬ02 ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｪｨｦｨｺ0705 ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ 03/07: 0302ｨ 09ｨｬｨｹ030200ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｦ080006ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｺ0508ｨｬｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｮ0007ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ0907 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ00ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｬ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｮ0007ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｬｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｮ0007ｨｦ ﾂ0208ｨ (0107ｨｺ0705ｨｰ, ｨｮ ｨｰ) ｨｨ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪ0607ｨｦ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬ07ｨｺ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0708 ｨｮ000701ｨｰ ｨｮ ｨｰ 07 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ 0107ｨｺ0705ｨｰ, ｨｹ08ｨｴｨｰ ｨｮ04ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｪ0607ｨｦ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｰ. 03ｨｦ01ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ090701, ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ 0105ｨｮｨｺ ｨｨ060004ｨｮ04 ｨｪ06ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ, ｨｹ08ｨｴｨｰ ｨｮ04ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨｦｨ ｨｬ0200ｨ ｨ ｨｮｨｬｨ 00ｨｦｨｺｨｹ000400ｨ, 0008ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ﾂ0907ｨｮ04 02ｨｦ01ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｴｨｪ, ｨｪ000200ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 07 ｨｹ ﾂｨｦ. 03 ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ ｨｰ ｨｺ000208ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ01ｨｪ07ｨｨｨｴｨｰ ｨｮ ｨｹｨｺ ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ000505ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｦ080006ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｹｨｺ ｨｬ07ｨｺ07ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺ06ｨｪ [1], [2], [4], [5], [7], [8], [11], [12], [13], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [25] ｨｦｨｺ07 02ｨｪ08ｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｮ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｬ02 ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ 03/07: 0308ｨｪｨ ｨｦ 02ｨｦ01ｨｦｨｺ ｨｴｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｪ04ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 0202ｨ 09ｨｬｨｹ030200ｨ ｨｦ, ｨｹ00ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ 0208ｨｦｨｺ02ｨｪ0009ｨｴｨｬ06ｨｪ04 ｨｺ010908ｨｴｨｰ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｮｨｦ, ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ ｨｰ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪ0701 ｨｮｨｺ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ (0600 ﾂ ｨｺ ｨｹｨｬ02ｨｪ0701), ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬ0905ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｬｨｹｨｪ07ｨｪ 0007ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ0907 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨｬ07ｨｬｨ 00ｨ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺ0908ｨｮｨｦｨｬｨｴｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ06ｨｪ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ000505ｨｴｨｪ 07 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺ06ｨｪ [1], [7], [12], [13], [23]. 0908ｨｹ ｨｹｨｮｨ 02ｨｺ0006ｨｨ04ｨｮｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｴ000609ｨｴ, ｨｺ0908ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮｨｺｨｹ08ｨｦｨｬ07ｨｰ ﾂ07ｨｰ 0004ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦｨｺｨｹ000400ｨ ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｬ0905ｨｮ02ｨｴｨｰ ﾂ0904ｨｮｨｦｨｬ070807ｨｦ0705ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ, 01ｨｦｨｹ00ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｹ ｨ 0100ｨｹｨｪ 0007ｨｪ ﾂ07 ｨｨｨ 0206ｨ ｨｨ0705ｨｪ 04 03ｨｴ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 04 ｨ ｨｺ0209ｨ ｨｦｨｹ000400ｨ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨ 00ｨｹｨｬｨｴｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨ 0208ｨｦｨｮｨｺ0201ｨ ｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪｨ ｨｺ000809ｨｦｨ, ｨｮ02 06ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0607 ｨｦｨｮ ﾂ0109ｨｹ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ ｨｦ02ｨｨｨｪ07 09ｨｦ0905ｨｦ070009ｨ 0208ｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪ0006ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ﾂｨｦｨｮ0002ｨｰ 0802ｨｦ09ｨ ｨｬｨ 00ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ0400ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ0802ｨｰ, ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ 04 ｨｮ01ｨｬ ｨｦ ｨｮ02 ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺ ｨｮ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ ｨｬ02 ﾂ0907ｨｮ04 ｨｬｨ ｨｪ010106ｨｪ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪ0701 ｨｮｨｺ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [25] ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ04ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｴｨｨ0208 ｨｹ00ｨｦ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ0802ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ 04 ｨｮ01ｨｬ080209ｨｦ ｨｮ02 ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ05ｨｺ05ｨｦｨｮ04 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｬｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｹ05ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺ0705-ｨｮ ｨｬ02 ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｹ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪ0701 ｨｮｨｺ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ0505ｨｦｨｮ00ｨ ｨｮ02 ｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｮ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ, ｨｮ01ｨｬ080209ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬ09ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｬ06ｨｪ0701 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ090701, ｨｹ ｨｺ0908ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ｨｹ00ｨｦ 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｮｨｺ0201ｨ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｺ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｨ060004ｨｮ04 ｨｪ06ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ (070805ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0705 ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ ), ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ [17] ｨｨ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺ09ｨｦ0906ｨｰ 0805ｨｪｨｴ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｺ0500ｨｴ ｨ 08ｨｹ 0007ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ [21], [22] ｨｨ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ 02ｨｦ01ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬ0200ｨ 0505ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｺ ｨ [18], [19], [20] ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｮｨ ｨｪ 0004ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦｨｺｨｹ000400ｨ 0004ｨｰ ｨｦｨｺ07ｨｰ 0208ｨｦｨｮｨｺ020107ｨｰ-02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ05ｨｮ02ｨｴｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪｨｦｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ ｨｬ ｨ 08ｨｹ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ 07ｨｦ Tassios, Plainis ｨｺｨ ｨｦ Vassiliou ｨｬ02 ｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｺｨ 0005ｨｮ00ｨ ｨｮ ｨ ｨｦ070900ｨ ｨｪｨｴｨｬ06ｨｪ0701 ｨｮｨｺ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｬ02 ｨｪ0607 ｨｮｨｺ0109ｨｹ0102ｨｬｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｨ060004ｨｮ04 ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ07 ｨ ｨｪ000200ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｴｨｪ [16] ｨｮ020500ｨｴｨｰ 02ｨｬ02ｨ ｨｪ080307ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｦ02ｨｨｨｪ07 ﾂ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｬ02 ｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨｬ02ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ07ｨｰ ｨｮ01ｨｬ080209ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨｦｨｺ05 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 0206ｨｴ000209ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ ｨｬ02 ｨｬｨ ｨｪ010502ｨｰ 01ｨｦｨ 02ｨｹ09ｨｴｨｪ 02ｨｦ0106ｨｪ, ｨｹ08ｨｴｨｰ ｨｮ01ｨｬ09ｨ 00ｨｦｨｺ0705ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨｹ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪ07 ｨｮｨｺ0109ｨｹ0102ｨｬｨ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ04 ｨｮ01ｨｬ09ｨ 00ｨｦｨｺ0705ｨｰ ｨｬ02 ｨｮｨｦ ｨｮｨｴ0507ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｪ 0007ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ0907 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｺ0908ｨｮｨｦｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｦ07 ﾂ06ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ000505ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨ 0207ｨｪ07ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｰ 06ｨｪｨ ｨｺ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｬ080302ｨｦ ｨｬ02 02ｨｦ01ｨｦｨｺｨｹ ｨｺ07ｨｪ08ｨ ｨｬｨ [25], [26], [27] ｨｦ 07ｨｦ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ010502ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｴ000609ｨｴ ｨ ｨｮｨｦ06ｨｪ 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ 0705ｨｹ ｨｦ ｨｪ 01ｨｦ02ｨｨｨｪ07 ﾂ ｨｪ ﾂ02ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｮ ﾂ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｮ01ｨｬ080209ｨｦ ｨｦｨｺ05 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ ｨｬ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺ0705-ｨｮ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ04ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｴｨｨ0208 ｨｹ00ｨｦ 00ｨｹｨｮ07 07ｨｦ ｨｮ01ｨｮ0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ 0004ｨｰ UNIDO [1] ｨｹｨｮ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 07ｨｦ ｨｮ01ｨｮ0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｬ07ｨｮ08ｨｴｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ, 0004ｨｰ ﾂｨｪｨｦｨｺ07ｨｰ 07 ﾂ070507ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪｨｦｨｺ ｨｮｨｹ09ｨｦ ﾂｨｪ ｨｪ0701ｨｪ 0004ｨｪ ｨｦｨｺ07 02ｨｪ08ｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｮ04 ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ, 0202ｨｹｨｮ07ｨｪ ｨｮ ｨｬｨｦｨｺｨｹ ｨ 0100ｨｹ ｨｮ0007ｨｦ ﾂ ｨｮ0100ｨｺ02ｨｪ0009ｨｴｨｨ ｨｬ ｨ 08ｨｹ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ [7], [11], [12], [13], [23] ｨｦ ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ05ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ, ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｦｨｮ0006ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ 00ｨｦｨ 0206ｨｴ000209ｨｦｨｺ0705ｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ090701ｨｰ, 0102ｨｪ 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ 0101ｨｪｨ 00ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪｨ 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ 0705ｨｹ ｨｦ, ｨｹ00ｨ ｨｪ 02ｨｪ 0208ｨ 0207 ｨｬ ｨｹ 02ｨｪ08ｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｮ04 ｨｺ000809ｨｦ ﾂ02ｨｦ ｨｺ000809ｨｦ ｨｮｨｦ, ｨｴｨｰ ｨｮ0007ｨｪ 07ｨｦ ｨｦｨｺ0708 ｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ010502ｨｰ 03/ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 07 ｨ ｨｪ0008ｨｮ0007ｨｦ ﾂｨ ｨｮ000701ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪｨｦｨ ｨｺ0705ｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ090701ｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｹ 0007 ｨｺ02ｨｪｨｹ 0004ｨｰ 01ｨｦ02ｨｨｨｪ0705ｨｰ 09ｨｦ0905ｨｦ070009ｨ 0208ｨ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 04 08ｨ ｨｮｨ ｨ ｨｮ08ｨ. 0000ｨｮｨｦ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ08ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｮｨｺ020105ｨｮ0004ｨｺｨ ｨｪ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ 0206ｨｴ000209ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ, 00ｨ ｨ ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ02 ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ 08ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｮ04, ｨｺｨ ｨｦ0509ｨｺ02ｨｦｨ 0004ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ0004ｨｮｨ ｨｪ 02ｨｺ000200ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｴｨｰ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ05ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ 03/07 ｨｬ ｨｬ02ｨｨ ｨ, ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪ000500ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｴ000609ｨｴ ｨｮ01ｨｮ0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｦ02ｨｨｨｪ07 09ｨｦ0905ｨｦ070009ｨ 0208ｨ [1], [7], [11], [12], [13], [23], ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 0208ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ 0801ｨｦｨ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ 08ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｮ ｨｹ 0004 ｨｮ0100ｨｺ09ｨｦ00ｨｦｨｺ07 ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｮ01ｨｬ080209ｨｦ ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨ 09 ﾂｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨｴｨｪ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 08ｨ 09ｨ ｨｨ04ｨｺ02 ｨｹ00ｨｦ 00ｨ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ 08ｨ ｨｮ08ｨ ｨｮｨ ｨｪ ｨ 06ｨｦ07ｨｮ04ｨｬ0208ｨｴ0004 ｨ ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ0007 ﾂ07ｨｰ, 0004ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ0308ｨ ｨｰ, 0004ｨｰ 0805ｨ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｬｨｹ000400ｨ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 0004ｨｰ ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｹ000400ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｹ0204ｨｮ04ｨｰ 02ｨｪ ｨｦｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ0100ｨｺ09ｨｦ00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬ02 00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｬ04 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｦ01ｨｦｨｹ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ08ｨ ｨｮｨ ｨｪ 00ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨ 09 ﾂｨｦｨｺ ｨｮ ｨｺｨｦｨｬｨ ｨｮ08ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ M R = 05ｨｹ0007ｨｰ 0709ｨｦｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ0800ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ0007 ﾂ06ｨｪ ｨｮ000105ｨｴｨｬ0500ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺ = 01ｨｦｨ 00ｨｬ0400ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ 0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｮ0007ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ﾁ ﾂ0201ｨｦｨ ｨｮｨｬｨｹｨｰ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ ｨｪ 0802ｨｦ09ｨ ｨｬｨ 00ｨｦｨｺ07 ｨ ｨｪ0400ｨｦｨｺ ｨ ｨｮ08ｨ ｨｮ0100ｨｺ0908ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ 04 ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ07 ｨｮ01ｨｬ080209ｨｦ ｨ 09ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ 0206ｨｴ000209ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ

3 13T02 ﾂｨｪ. ﾁ0907ｨｪ. 0308ｨｦｨｮ00. 00ｨｺ , 07, ﾂ Tech. Chron. Sci. J. TCG, I, No ｨｺ0705-ｨｮ ｨｬ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ07 ｨ 08ｨｹｨｺ09ｨｦｨｮ04 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｦｨｺ07 02ｨｪ08ｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｪ 0002 ﾂｨｪｨｦｨｺ07 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ010106ｨｪ 03/07. 01ｨｦｨ ｨｰ 0208ｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｰ, ﾂ0902ｨｦ05ｨｮ0004ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ090701, ﾂ0904ｨｮｨｦｨｬ070807ｨｦ07ｨｨ04ｨｺ ﾂｨｪｨｦｨｺ ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｦｨｮ000500ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ0007 Manual 0004ｨｰ UNIDO [1] ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0202ｨ 09ｨｬｨｹ030200ｨ ｨｦ 01ｨｦ02ｨｨｨｪ06ｨｰ ｨｮ02 ｨｺ000809ｨｦｨ ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨｹ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ ｨｮ0007ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ0907, ｨ ｨｦ 0208ｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｰ 01ｨｦ0609 ﾂ07ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ 01ｨｦ ｨｰ 0107ｨｺ0705 ｨｬ06ｨｮｨｴ ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｦ00ｨｹｨｬ02ｨｪｨｴｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｬ07ｨｬｨ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨ, ｨｮｨｺ0200ｨ ｨｦ 02ｨｪ00ｨｹｨｰ 0004ｨｰ 0107ｨｺ0705, ｨｮ0100ｨｺ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｮｨｺ0109ｨｹ0102ｨｬｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ02ｨｦｨ ｨｦｨｪｨｹｨｮ0007ｨｺ ｨｪ 08ｨ ｨｮｨ ｨ ｨｮ08ｨ ﾂ0904ｨｮｨｦｨｬ070807ｨｦ07ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ 07ｨｦ ｨｮ01ｨｮ0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ 0004ｨｰ 00ｨｦｨｺ0007ｨｰ 0308ｨｦ ｨｰ ACI-ASCE 352 [24] 00ｨｹｨｮ07 00ｨｦｨ 0007 ｨｮ ﾂ0201ｨｦｨ ｨｮｨｬｨｹ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨ 09 ﾂｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ ｨｹｨｮ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨｴｨｪ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ. 0705ｨｬ02ｨｴｨｪｨ ｨｬ02 00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｮ01ｨｮ0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ, ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨｪ070807ｨｦ0400ｨｦｨｺ07 ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ07 ｨｮ01ｨｬ080209ｨｦ ｨｮ02 06ｨｪｨ ｨｪ 0206ｨｴ000209ｨｦｨｺｨｹ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ02ｨ ｨ ｨｦ, ｨｹ00ｨ ｨｪ ｨｦｨｮ ﾂ050701ｨｪ 00ｨ ｨｺｨ 00ｨｴ000609ｨｴ: ｨ ｨｹ0007ｨｰ 0709ｨｦｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ0800ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ0007 ﾂ06ｨｪ ｨｮ000105ｨｴｨｬ0500ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺ R ｨｨｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 06 ﾂ02ｨｦ 00ｨｦｨｬ07 ｨｬ0200ｨ ｨｮ04 ｨｬ ｨｦ 01ｨｦｨ 00ｨｬ0400ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ 0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｮ0007ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ0907, ｨ ｨｬ0905ｨｪ07ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｬ02ｨｴｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ 0308ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｹ 0004ｨｪ 06ｨｺ0209ｨ ｨｮ04 00 = 00 f c, ｨｨｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 06 ﾂ0701ｨｪ ﾂｨ ｨｬ040506ｨｰ 00ｨｦｨｬ06ｨｰ. 0000ｨｮｨｦ, 07ｨｦ 01ｨｦｨ 00ｨｬ0400ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ 0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ 00ｨｦｨ 0004 ｨｬ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ ｨｬ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ ﾂｨ ｨｬ0405ｨｹ ｨｰ f c MPa ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹｨｰ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ0007ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ0907 ｨｨｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨｪ070807ｨｦ ｨｦｨｰ 08ｨ 09ｨ ｨｺ0500ｨｴ ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｺ02ｨｰ: s h 66 h" 66f c A sh = f yh A sh s ﾝ h ( A / A 6ﾓ11) 66 h" 66f c f yh g c ｨｹ080701: f c = ｨｨ05ｨｦ0800ｨｦｨｺ07 ｨ ｨｪ0007 ﾂ07 ｨｮｨｺ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ, s h = ｨ 08ｨｹｨｮ00ｨ ｨｮ04 ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ, h ｱ = 01ｨｦ05ｨｮ00ｨ ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｬ0200ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｪ07ｨｰ 0709ｨｨ0700ｨｴｨｪｨｦｨｺ ｨｮ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ, 09 g = 0208ｨｦ0205ｨｪ02ｨｦｨ 01ｨｦｨ 0007ｨｬ07ｨｰ ｨｮ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ, A c = 0208ｨｦ0205ｨｪ02ｨｦｨ 01ｨｦｨ 0007ｨｬ07ｨｰ ｨｪ07ｨｰ ｨｮ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ, f yh = ｨｹ09ｨｦ07 01ｨｦｨ ｨｰ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0705 ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ. 03ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨｴ000609ｨｴ ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｺ02ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｬ08ｨ ﾂｨｦｨｮ0004 ｨ 08ｨ ｨｮ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0705 ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ﾒ18/5cm 00ｨｦｨ 00ｨ ﾂ0904ｨｮｨｦｨｬ070807ｨｦ0705ｨｬ02ｨｪｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ08ｨ ｨｹ0009ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ06ｨｪ 07 ﾂ0201ｨｦ05ｨｮ0004ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｮｨｺ020105ｨｮ0004ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ 03 1, 03 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ P ｨｹ ｨｺ0508ｨｬｨ ｨｺｨ 1: ｨｮ ﾂ. 1 02ｨ 08ｨｪ07ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ 07ｨｦ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｮ0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ, 07ｨｦ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0708 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨ ｨｺ000409ｨｦｨｮ00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｮ ﾂ0201ｨｦｨ ｨｮｨｬ ｨｴｨｪ 08ｨ 09ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 03 1, 03 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ P 1. 03ｨｦ 08ｨ 0905ｨｬ ｨｦ ｨｮ ﾂ0201ｨｦｨ ｨｮｨｬ R ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ﾂｨ ｨｪ 0101ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪ0208ｨｰ 00ｨｦｨｬ06ｨｰ, ｨｮ0100ｨｺ09ｨｦ00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬ02 ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ02ｨｮ ｨｪ 07ｨｦ ｨｮ01ｨｮ0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ 0004ｨｰ 0308ｨｦ ｨｰ ACI-ASCE 352 [24], ｨｮ04ｨｰ ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹｨｰ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ 0004ｨｰ ｨｦ07 ﾂ07ｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｪ ﾂ02 ｨｹ08ｨｴｨｰ ｨｮ ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦ ｨ ｨｪ 05ｨｦ00ｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｰ E08ｨｦ ｨｰ 6ﾒ18/7 (ｨ ｨｪ0008 6ﾒ18/5). 0000ｨｮｨｦ, ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 02ｨｬ02ｨ ｨｪ08ｨｮ0701ｨｪ ｨｮ0007ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ02 ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ 08ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｮ04, ｨ ｨｮ04ｨｬｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ090701, ｨｹ08ｨｴｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ00ｨ ｨｪ ｨｴｨｮ0002 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｺ0908ｨｮｨｦｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｦ07 ﾂ06ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ000505ｨｴｨｪ. 09ｨｺ ｨｨｨｴｨｰ 00ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ05ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬ ｨｬ06ｨｨ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ010106ｨｪ 03/ ｨｰ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ05ｨｮ02ｨｴｨｰ 0600ｨｦｨｪ ｨｮ0805ｨｨ02ｨｦｨ 0208ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｬｨｹｨｪ07ｨｪ ｨｺｨｦｨｬ ｨｮ0004 ｨｨ06ｨｮ04 ｨｦｨｮ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｮｨｴ 0004ｨｰ 01ｨｦ0500ｨ 0604ｨｰ ｨｮ02ｨｴｨｰ ｨｪ 02ｨｪ08ｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｮ ｨｨ04 ｨｬ0609ｨｦｨｬｨｪｨ, 06ｨｮ ｨｦ ﾂｨ ｨｬ040506ｨｰ 00ｨｦｨｬ06ｨｰ M R 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 03 1, 03 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ P 1 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ0705ｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 ｨｮ02 00ｨｦｨｬ06ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ , 07ｨｦ 00ｨｦｨｬ06ｨｰ ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ RO 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 ｨｪｨ ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｴｨｨ0705ｨｪ ｨｮ02 00ｨｦｨｬ06ｨｰ ｨｮ04ｨｬｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬｨｦｨｺ09ｨｹ ｨｰ (06ｨｮ ｨｦ 00ｨｦｨｬ06ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 01ｨｦｨ 00ｨｬ0400ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ 0005ｨｮ02ｨｴｨｪ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ 00ｨｴｨｪ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ ｨｪｨ 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ ｨｬｨｦｨｺ09ｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｰ 0308ｨｦ ｨｰ 00 = ｨｹ0807ｨｰ 02ｨｪ08ｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｮ04ｨｰ 08ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ 03 1, 03 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ P 1, ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｮ02 ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ07 ｨｺｨ 00ｨ 08ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｮ04, 08ｨ ｨｮ08ｨ 03ｨ ｨｪ 0004ｨｪ ｨｰ 02ｨｦｨｺｨｹｨｪｨ ｨｮｨｺ0109ｨｹ0102ｨｬｨ 0004ｨｰ ｨｦ07 ﾂ07ｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｺｨｦｨｬ ｨｪ ﾂ02, 02ｨｪ06 07ｨｦ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ ｨｮ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 0004ｨｰ 0107ｨｺ ﾂｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ ｨｬ ｨｰ 08ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ, 0007 ｨｮｨｺ0109ｨｹ0102ｨｬｨ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｴ ｨ 08ｨｹ 0004ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ07 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺ0908ｨｮｨｦｨｬｨｴｨｪ 01ｨｦｨ 0007ｨｬ06ｨｪ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 03 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ P ﾂ02 ｨ ｨｦ070900ｨ ｨｪｨｴｨｨ0208 ｨｮ02 ｨｬ ｨ ｨｨｨｬｨｹ, ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ000105ｨｴｨｬ0500ｨｴｨｪ 0208 ﾂ ｨｮ ｨｪ0007ｨｪｨｹ00ｨ ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ ｨｮ02 ｨｹ ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｺ0908ｨｮｨｦｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｦ07 ﾂ06ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ000505ｨｴｨｪ. 0408ｨｴｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ04ｨｺ02, ｨ ｨ ｨｮ08ｨｮｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｦｨｮｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 04 02ｨｪ08ｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｮ04 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ ｨｬ02 ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ ｨ 08ｨｹ 02ｨｦ01ｨｦｨｺｨｹ 00ｨｮｨｦｨｬ02ｨｪ0007ｨｺ07ｨｪ08ｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ0007 ﾂ07ｨｰ EMACO ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ02 ﾂ0907ｨｮ ｨｹｨｮｨｨ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0705 ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ. 03 ｨｪ0607ｨｰ ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹｨｰ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ ｨ 08ｨ 0900ｨｦ03ｨｹ00ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｹ 0006ｨｮｨｮ0209ｨｦｨｰ ｨｰ 6ﾒ114 S400 ｨｮ ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｹ 0006ｨｮｨｮ0209ｨｦｨｰ ｨｰ 6ﾒ110 S400 ｨｮ00ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ 03 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ P 1, 07ｨｦ ｨｰ MPa < 1.0 f c MPa, ｨｮ ﾂ. 2), 02ｨｪ06 ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｨ060004ｨｮ ｨｮｨｨ0600ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹｨｰ 0600ｨｦｨｪ02 6ﾒ18/5cm ｨｮ ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦ07 RO 1 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 6ﾒ18/3.5cm ｨｮ00ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP ｨｮ ﾂ. 2 02ｨ 08ｨｪ07ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ 07ｨｦ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｮ0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ, 07ｨｦ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0708 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨ ｨｺ000409ｨｦｨｮ00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｮ ﾂ0201ｨｦｨ ｨｮｨｬ ｨｴｨｪ 0208ｨｦｨｮｨｺ0201ｨ ｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ RO 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP ﾂｨｨ04ｨｮｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ04ｨｰ 07ｨｦ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｦｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ0201ｨｦｨ ｨｮｨｬ0705 ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ ｨｴｨｺ0601ｨｦｨｺｨ 8, 07ｨｦ ｨｰ 0102ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｴｨｪ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｹ ｨ 0100ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨ020007ｨｨ04ｨｺ02 ｨｬ ｨｮ04 00ｨｦｨｰ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｦ0007ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ 0004ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｴ000609ｨｴ 0308ｨｦ ｨｰ. 08ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ RO 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ 0801ｨｦ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ07 ｨｺｨ 00ｨ 08ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｮ04 ｨｬ02 00ｨ 03 1, 03 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ P 1. f c

4 1324 T02 ﾂｨｪ. ﾁ0907ｨｪ. 0308ｨｦｨｮ00. 00ｨｺ , 07, ﾂ Tech. Chron. Sci. J. TCG, I, No 2 07 ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 1: 02ｨｦｨ ｨｮ0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ060902ｨｦ02ｨｰ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 03 1, 03 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 05 1 (01ｨｦｨ ｨｮ0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｮ02 cm). Figure 1: Dimensions and cross-sectional details of original specimens O 1, O 2 and P 1 (dimensions in cm). 07 ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 2(ｨ ): 02ｨｦｨ ｨｮ0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ060902ｨｦ02ｨｰ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0705 ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ 0107 ｨｺｨｦｨｬ RO 1 (01ｨｦｨ ｨｮ0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｮ02 cm). Figure 2(a): Jacketing of Beam-Column Connection of Subassemblage RO 1 (dimensions in cm).

5 13T02 ﾂｨｪ. ﾁ0907ｨｪ. 0308ｨｦｨｮ00. 00ｨｺ , 07, ﾂ Tech. Chron. Sci. J. TCG, I, No ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 2(b): 02ｨｦｨ ｨｮ0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ060902ｨｦ02ｨｰ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0705 ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ 0107ｨｺ ｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 (01ｨｦｨ ｨｮ0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｮ02 cm). Figure 2(b): Jacketing of Beam-Column Connection of Subassemblages RO 2 and RP 1 (dimensions in cm). 07 ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 2(c): ｨｬ060902ｨｦ02ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ0201ｨｦｨ ｨｮｨｬ0705 ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺ ｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ RO 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 (01ｨｦｨ ｨｮ0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｮ02 cm). Figure 2(c): Details of Joints of Strengthened Subassemblages RO 1, RO 2 and RP 1 (dimensions in cm).

6 1326 T02 ﾂｨｪ. ﾁ0907ｨｪ. 0308ｨｦｨｮ00. 00ｨｺ , 07, ﾂ Tech. Chron. Sci. J. TCG, I, No 2 07 ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 3: 03ｨｦ 0809ｨｹｨｮｨｨ020007ｨｦ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｦ0609 ﾂ07ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｹ 00ｨｦｨｰ 0107ｨｺ0705ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ ｨｬ06ｨｮｨｴ ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｦ0007ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｪ07ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ0007 ｨｮｨｺ0109ｨｹ0102ｨｬｨ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｬ ｨｦｨｪｨｹｨｮ0007ｨｺ07. Figure 3: The additional horizontal ties of the joint were inserted through holes drilled in the beams of strengthened specimens and were cemented with epoxy adhesive gel. ｨｺ000907ｨｺ ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ 08ｨ 05ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｰ ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ000105ｨｴｨｬ0500ｨｴｨｪ, ｨｬ ｨｨ02ｨｦｨ ｨｺｨ 09ｨｦ05ｨｦ06ｨｪ 6ﾒ116 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ07ｨｺ0701ｨｰ 56ﾒ ﾂｨｦｨｮ0007ｨｪ, ｨ ｨｪ05 ｨ 0807ｨｮ0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ 25 cm ｨｮ04ｨｰ, ｨｨ020007ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｰ 6ﾒ18/11 ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｺ0908ｨｮｨｦｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｦ07 ﾂ06ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ000105ｨｴｨｬ0500ｨｴｨｪ (ｨｮ ﾂ. 2). 03ｨｦ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｹ ｨｬ07ｨｬｨ 00ｨ ｨｬ ｨｰ 04, 00ｨ ｨ ｨｺ000907ｨｺ ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ 05ｨｺ0902ｨｰ ｨｰ, 06ｨｮ0002 ｨｪｨ 0104ｨｬｨｦ ｨｮ0701ｨｪ 0007ｨｪ ｨｺ0502ｨｦｨｮ00ｨｹ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｹ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ0208ｨｮｨ 0002 ﾂｨｪｨｦｨｺ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 0105ｨｪｨ 0007 ｨｪｨ 0202ｨ 09ｨｬ07ｨｮ000208, ｨ ｨｪ0708 ﾂ0004ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ02 ｨｺ05ｨｨ ｨｺｨｹ ｨｰ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬ ﾂｨｦ05ｨｦ07ｨｮ0006ｨｪ, ｨ 08ｨｹ 00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｰ 01ｨｦ0705ｨｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ0100ｨｺ ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ02 02ｨｦ01ｨｦｨｺｨｹ ｨｦｨｪｨｹｨｮ0007ｨｺ07 00ｨｬ07ｨｬｨ 00ｨ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0705 6ﾒ18(S400), ｨｮ ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 3. 01ｨｦｨ ｨｪｨ 01ｨｦ0605ｨｨ02ｨｦ 07 08ｨ ﾂ ｨｮ0007ｨｰ ｨｦｨｪｨｹｨｮ0007ｨｺ07ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨｹ 0004ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｺ010908ｨｴｨｰ 00ｨｦｨ ｨｪｨ 0208ｨ 0502ｨｦ02ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｮ00ｨ 0007ｨｦ ﾂ06ｨｬｨ 00ｨ 0004ｨｰ ｨｰ, 00ｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ0100ｨｺｨｹ050504ｨｮ04 00ｨｬ07ｨｬｨ 00ｨ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0705 6ﾒ18 ｨ ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｺ020006ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｦｨｪｨｹｨｮ0007ｨｺ07. ｨｬ ｨｺ05ｨｮ ｨｦ ｨｨ080307ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ02 ｨｹ ｨｨ07ｨｰ 0004ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｴｨｰ ﾂ07ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｪ, 02ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ0705ｨｮ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ0304 ｨｬ ｨｦ ｨｦｨｺｨｹ ｨｦｨｺ05, 00ｨ 00ｨｬ07ｨｬｨ 00ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0705 6ﾒ ｨｨ080307ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｪ 00ｨｦｨ ｨｬｨｦｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ0100ｨｺ09ｨ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ 0208ｨｦｨｨ01ｨｬ ｨｦｨ ｨｮ0100ｨｺｨｹ050504ｨｮ04 ｨｨ06ｨｮ04 ｨｬ02 ｨｮ0509ｨｬｨ ｨｪ 08ｨ ｨｮ04 48 ｨｴ0906ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｦ000705ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｪ 00ｨｦｨ 0004ｨｪ 0208ｨ 09ｨｺ07 ｨｮｨｺ ｨｪｨｮ ｨｦｨｪｨｹｨｮ0007ｨｺ0701, 07ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ0208ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ0004 ｨｮ01ｨｪ06 ﾂ02ｨｦｨ ｨｺ000907ｨｺ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ 05ｨｺ0902ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｬ02 00ｨｬ07ｨｬｨ 00ｨ ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｬｨｦ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｰ 0600ｨｮｨｦ ｨｺ0502ｨｦｨｮ000705ｨｰ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 2 02ｨ 08ｨｪ07ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ 07 ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 4(ｨ ): 0102ｨｪｨｦｨｺ07 01ｨｦ0500ｨ 0604 ｨｮ01ｨｮ0007ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ 02ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04ｨｰ 00ｨｦｨ ﾂ07 ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ07ｨｰ ｨｮ01ｨｬ080209ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｰ 07ｨｺ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ Figure 4(ｨ ): Test setup of the Laboratory of Reinforced Concrete Structures at the School of Engineering of A.U.TH. 07 ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 4 (b): 07ｨｮ ｨ 02ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04ｨｰ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ. Figure 4 (b): Lateral displacement history. 07ｨｦ ｨｬ060902ｨｦ02ｨｰ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0705 ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1. 01ｨｦｨ 00ｨｦｨｰ 08ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ0500ｨｺ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨｮ08ｨｮ0004ｨｺ02 04 ﾂ0904ｨｮｨｦｨｬ ｨｮ EMACO S66, ｨｮ ｨｦ06 ﾂ07ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0109ｨ ｨｪ07 ｨｬ02 ｨｬ0600ｨｦｨｮ0007 ｨｺｨｹｨｺｨｺ07 10mm ｨｦ0500ｨ ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04ｨｰ - ｨｬ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ. 4(a) 02ｨ 08ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨｦｨｺ07 01ｨｦ0500ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮ0007ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ 02ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04ｨｰ. 0804ｨｪ 0709ｨｦ03ｨｹｨｪ00ｨｦｨ ｨｬ0200ｨ 00ｨｹ08ｨｦｨｮ04 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ000105ｨｴｨｬ0500ｨｴｨｪ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 0102ｨｮｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｮ01ｨｮ0007ｨｬｨ 00ｨ 02ｨｦ01ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｴｨｪ, 00ｨ ｨ 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｴ0005 ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨ 08ｨｮｨｦ07 ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ04ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮｨ 09ｨｬｨｹ0307ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ04ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｴ0005 ｨｬ ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｺｨｹ ｨｬ0200ｨ 00ｨｹ08ｨｦｨｮ ｨｮｨｬ020502ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨ 0607ｨｪｨｦｨｺ07ｨｰ 02ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04ｨｰ ｨｦｨｮ ｨｴｨｪ 05ｨｺ09ｨｴｨｪ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ000105ｨｴｨｬ0500ｨｴｨｪ 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪ020806ｨｰ, ｨｮ ｨｺ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ000505ｨｴｨｪ 06 ﾂ0701ｨｬ ｨｬｨｦ ｨｮ02ｨｦ ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｺ02ｨｰ 0509ｨｨ09ｨｴｨｮ04ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｨｨｦｨｮ0006ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｰ ｨｦ-

7 13T02 ﾂｨｪ. ﾁ0907ｨｪ. 0308ｨｦｨｮ00. 00ｨｺ , 07, ﾂ Tech. Chron. Sci. J. TCG, I, No ｨ ｨｮ0007 ｨｮ04ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ0807ｨｰ ｨｮ ｨｦ ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04ｨｰ 0008ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ, ｨｮ ﾂ. 4(a). 05 ｨ ｨｪ0400ｨｬ06ｨｪ04 ｨ 0607ｨｪｨｦｨｺ07, 02ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ ｨｦ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨ ｨｮ ｨｬｨ 00ｨ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ, 0700ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨ ｨｨ020907, 0004ｨｰ ｨｴｨｰ (ｨｪ d 6ﾖ3 0.20) ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04 ｨｹ05ｨｴｨｪ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 03 1, 03 2, P 1, RO 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP ｨｦｨｪ02 ｨｬ ｨｦ ｨｺ05ｨｺ05ｨｴｨｪ ｨｬ0200ｨ 00ｨｹ08ｨｦｨｮ04ｨｰ 01ｨｦｨ 0107 ﾂｨｦｨｺ05 ｨ 0106ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｬ06ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｬ02 ｨ ｨｮ04 5mm ｨ ｨｪ05 ｨｺ05ｨｺ ｨｮ ﾂ. 4(b) 02ｨ 08ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ｨｹ0009ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ 02ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ. 05 ｨｦｨｮ ｨ ｨ ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｦｨｺ07 ｨｦｨｮ ｨ 02ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04ｨｰ 0805ｨ ｨｦｨｮｨｦｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｹ05ｨｴｨｪ 07 ｨｬ02ｨｬ07ｨｪｨｴｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｦ0905ｨｦ070009ｨ 0208ｨ [26], [27] ｨｦ09ｨ ｨｬｨ 00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨ ｨｮｨｬｨ 00ｨ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ0007 ﾂ08ｨ ｨｰ: 05 ｨ ｨｮ0007 ﾂ08ｨ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ O 1, O 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ P 1 ｨｮ0100ｨｺ02ｨｪ000906ｨｨ04ｨｺ02 ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｺ0908ｨｮｨｦｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｦ07 ﾂ06ｨｰ ｨｮ , 02ｨｪ06 07ｨｦ 0107ｨｺ ｨｰ 08ｨ 0906ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｪｨ ｨｪ 05ｨｨｨｦｨｺ0002ｨｰ, ｨｮ ﾂ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 08ｨ 09ｨ ｨｨ0208 ｨｮ0007 ｨｮ ﾂ. 5 ｨｹ00ｨｦ 0007 ｨｮｨｺ0109ｨｹ0102ｨｬｨ 0004ｨｰ ｨｦ07 ﾂ07ｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｺｨｦｨｬ ｨｪ ﾂ02ｨｦ (01ｨｦｨｹ00ｨｦ ｨ ｨｦ070900ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｨ04ｨｺ ｨｴｨｰ) ｨｬ ｨ ｨｰ 0004ｨｰ 02ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04ｨｰ, 02ｨｪ06 07ｨｦ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬ07ｨｺ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ ｨｮ ﾂ0701ｨｪ 06ｨｪ0007ｨｪ04 ｨｬｨｹｨｪｨｦｨｬ04 08ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬｨｹ0902ｨｴｨｮ ｨｺ0507ｨｨ04ｨｺ02 ｨ 08ｨｹ 00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｰ 01ｨｦｨ 00ｨｬ0400ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ 08ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｮ04ｨｬ ｨ 0100ｨｹ 0007ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｹ00ｨｦ 07ｨｦ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ0907ｨｦ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｦｨｮｨｮ ｨｴｨｪ 08ｨ 05ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｮｨｺ020106ｨｪ, ｨｹ08ｨｴｨｰ 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ 00ｨｪｨｴｨｮ00ｨｹ, 0102ｨｪ ｨｦ06 ﾂ0701ｨｪ ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ, 0600ｨｮｨｦ 04 ｨ ｨｮ0007 ﾂ08ｨ ｨｺｨｦｨｬ ｨｨｨ 0700ｨ ｨｪ 0206ｨ ｨｦ090200ｨｦｨｺ ｨｦｨｺ08ｨｪ0101ｨｪ04 00ｨｦｨ 00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｮｨｺ020106ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｮｨｺ0109ｨｹ0102ｨｬｨ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 03 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ P ﾂ02, ｨｮ04ｨｰ, ｨ ｨｦ070900ｨ ｨｪｨｴｨｨ ｨｪ0007ｨｪｨ, 02ｨｪ06 ﾂｨ 09ｨ ｨｺ000409ｨｦｨｮ00ｨｦｨｺｨｹｨｰ 0700ｨ ｨｪ ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬ07ｨｺｨｴｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ ｨｮ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨ 0208ｨｦｨｮｨｺ0201ｨ ｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 08ｨ ｨｮ08ｨ ｨｮｨ ｨｪ 02ｨｪ ｨｰ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｦｨｺｨｹ ｨ ｨｮ0007 ﾂ08ｨ ｨｰ. 04ｨｦ07 ｨｮ0100ｨｺ02ｨｺ09ｨｦｨｬ06ｨｪｨ : 0700ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ ｨ ｨｬ02ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｺ05ｨｺ050701ｨｰ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ07ｨｰ 02ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04ｨｰ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ0800ｨｦｨｺｨｹ ｨｬｨ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ 0107ｨｺ0705ｨｰ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｨ06ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ 06ｨｪｨｴｨｮ04ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ ｨｮ0007 ｨｮ ｨｮ04ｨｰ, 02ｨｬ02ｨ ｨｪ080307ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ﾂｨｦｨ ｨｮ ｨｦｨ 00ｨｬ0400ｨｦｨｺ ｨｬｨ 00ｨ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ 0107ｨｺ0705ｨｰ ｨｰ 0208ｨｹｨｬ02ｨｪ0701ｨｰ ｨｺ05ｨｺ050701ｨｰ 08ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ0800ｨｦｨｺ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ 0107ｨｺ0705ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｪ0009ｨｦ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｦ0907ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 03ｨｴｨｪ06ｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｨ06ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ04ｨｬｨ 00ｨｦｨｮｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｺ07ｨｰ 0509ｨｨ09ｨｴｨｮ04ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｬｨｦｨｺ ｨｦ ｨｪｨｮ04 00ｨｴｨｪ 01ｨｦｨ 00ｨｬ0400ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ 09ｨｴ00ｨｬ06ｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ 0107ｨｺ0705ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｺ05ｨｺ050701ｨｰ 08ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｦ 02ｨｪ0007ｨｪｨｹ ｨｦ ｨｪｨｮ04 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ0800ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｬ0500ｨｴｨｪ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｬ02 ｨｦｨｮ ﾂ ｨｮ01ｨｪ0009ｨｦ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｦ0907ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 03ｨｴｨｪ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 02ｨｪ0007ｨｪｨｹ00ｨ ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ 00ｨｴｨｪ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬ07ｨｺｨｴｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ04ｨｰ, 08ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｦ 01ｨｦ ｨｪｨｮ04 00ｨｴｨｪ ﾂｨｦｨ ｨｮ ｨｦｨ 00ｨｬ0400ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ 09ｨｴ00ｨｬ06ｨｪ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺ06ｨｪ (ｨｮ ﾂ. 5) ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ04ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｴｨｨ0208 ｨｹ00ｨｦ ｨｦ07 ﾂ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪ02ｨｦ 05ｨｨｨｦｨｺ0004 ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｦ0905ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ (ｨｮ ﾂ. 5). 0408ｨｴｨｰ 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ 00ｨｪｨｴｨｮ00ｨｹ, ｨｪ 0201ｨ 08ｨｮｨｨ ｨｦ07 ﾂ ｨｴ000209ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ07 ﾂ07, ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨ ｨ 00ｨｺ010906ｨｪ07ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ 07ｨｦ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬ07ｨｺ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｹ 0004ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ0100 ﾂ09ｨｹｨｪｨｴｨｰ 01ｨｦ0609 ﾂ07ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 07ｨｦ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬ07ｨｺ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ000505ｨｴｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ07 ｨ ｨｮ00ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ 03 1, 03 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ P 1, ｨ 08ｨｹ 00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ01ｨｺ0508ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ 02ｨｬ02ｨ ｨｪ08ｨｮ0004ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｬｨ 00ｨ 01ｨｦ05ｨｮ08ｨ ｨｮ04ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 08ｨ 09ｨ ｨｨ04ｨｺ02 ｨ ｨｦｨ 0208ｨｦｨｺ ｨｰ, 02ｨｪ06 ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｦ0905ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ ｨｮ04ｨｬｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｺｨｹ ｨｬ060907ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ﾂ02 ｨ 08ｨｴ0502ｨｮ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｰ, ｰｨ 0105ｨｪｨ 0007 ｱ ｨｮ04ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 0004ｨｰ 02ｨｪ08ｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｮ04ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｦ07 ﾂ07 ｨ ｨｦｨ 00ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1, 01ｨｦｨｹ00ｨｦ ｨｮ ｯ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｮｨｺ0201ｨ 03ｨｹ00ｨ ｨｪ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ ｨｰ, 0202ｨｹｨｮ07ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦ080907ｨｮ ｨｪ08ｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｮ ｨｪ ｨｴｨｮ04 ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺ00ｨｦ0908ｨｴｨｪ 0905ｨ ｨｬｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｹ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ, 02ｨｪ 0208ｨ 0207 ｨｬ02 00ｨ ｨ ﾂ0701ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺ000809ｨｦｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ 00 ｯ ｨ ｨｪ0500ｨｺ04ｨｪ ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ ｨｦ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ010502ｨｰ. 0308ｨｪｨ ｨｦ ｨ 06ｨｦ07ｨｮ04ｨｬ0208ｨｴ0007 ｨｹ00ｨｦ 04 02ｨｪ08ｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｮ04 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0009ｨｦ06ｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP ｨｪ 08ｨ ｨｮ08ｨ ｨｮ02 ｨｺｨ ｨｬ08ｨ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ07 ｨ ( ｨｺｨ ｨｪ 0009ｨｦ ﾂ0702ｨｦ010208ｨｰ 09ｨｴ00ｨｬ06ｨｰ) ｨｬ ｨ ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0802ｨｦ09ｨ ｨｬ0500ｨｴｨｪ, ｨｮ ﾂ ｨｮ ｨｦｨｺ ｨｹ ﾂ07ｨｦ 0208ｨｦ09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0002ｨｬｨｪ0701ｨｮ06ｨｪ 0107ｨｺ0705 V b -ｨｬ0200ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｴｨｪ ｨｦ0307ｨｬ06ｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｦｨ ｨｹ05ｨ 00ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ 02ｨ 08ｨｪ07ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ0007 ｨｮ ﾂ07ｨｬｨ ｨｮ ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 7 02ｨ 08ｨｪ07ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ 07ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ030802ｨｰ ｨｮ02 ｨｺ05ｨｨ02 ｨｺ05ｨｺ ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04ｨｰ ｨｺｨｦｨｬ ｨｮ ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 8 02ｨ 08ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ 04 ｨｮ0500ｨｺ09ｨｦｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｹ000400ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｹ0204ｨｮ04ｨｰ 02ｨｪ ｨｦｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ05 ｨｺ05ｨｺ ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04ｨｰ 00ｨｦｨ 00ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ RO 1 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ ﾂ. 9 02ｨ 08ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｹｨｮ07 ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ 04 ｨ ｨｪ0007- ﾂ07 ｨｮ02 ｨｺ05ｨｨ02 04ｨｬ08ｨｺ01ｨｺ ｨｺｨｦｨｬ RO 1 ｨｮ0100ｨｺ09ｨｦ00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬ02 ｨ ｨ 09 ﾂｨｦｨｺ ｨｺｨｦｨｬ ｨｬ04ｨｪ0208ｨ 0802ｨｦ09ｨ ｨｬｨ 00ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮｨｬ0500ｨｴｨｪ 0908ｨｹ 0004 ｨｮ0500ｨｺ09ｨｦｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ07ｨｰ ｨｮ01ｨｬ080209ｨｦ ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 ｨｬ02 ｨ ｨｴｨｪ ｨ 09 ﾂｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 03 1, O 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ P 1 08ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ02 00ｨ ｨｰ: 08ｨ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 08ｨ ｨｮｨｦ ｨｪ 0206ｨ ｨｦ090200ｨｦｨｺ ｨｦｨｴｨｬ06ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｹ0502ｨｰ 00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｬ04 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｦ01ｨｦｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｮ0100ｨｺ09ｨｦ00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬ02 ｨ ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨ 09 ﾂｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 03 1, O 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ P ｨ ｨｮ ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 00ｨ 7, 8 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 9 02ｨ 08ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ 04 ｨｮ0500ｨｺ09ｨｦｨｮ04 ｨ ｨｪ0007 ﾂ07ｨｰ, ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ0308ｨ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｹ000400ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｹ0204ｨｮ04ｨｰ 02ｨｪ ｨｦｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ0200ｨ ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ R03 1, R03 2, RP 1 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 03 1, 03 2, P 1 ｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｮ ﾂｨｴｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 9(a) 02ｨ 08ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ｨｹ00ｨｦ 04 ｨ ｨｪ0007 ﾂ ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨｦｨｬ R ｨ ｨｪ 02ｨｪ 0006ｨｪ02ｨｦ 0805ｨｪｨｴ ｨ 08ｨｹ 01ｨｦ080505ｨｮｨｦｨ ｨｮ0100ｨｺ09ｨｦ00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ0007 ﾂ ｨ ｨｮ08ｨ ｨｮ ｨ 09ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｦｨｺｨｹ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦ ｨ 0100ｨｹ ｨｮ01ｨｬ09ｨ 08ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ0308ｨ R ｨｪ ｨｮ ﾂ06ｨｮ02ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ0308ｨ (ｨｮ ﾂ. 7(a)). 05 ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｹ000400ｨ ｨ ｨｹ0204ｨｮ04ｨｰ 02ｨｪ ｨｦｨ ｨｰ R ｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｦｨｮ00ｨ ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪ04, ｨｮ0100ｨｺ09ｨｦ00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｹ000400ｨ ｨ ｨｹ0204ｨｮ04ｨｰ 02ｨｪ ｨｦｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ0007ｨｪ ｨｺ05ｨｺ ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04ｨｰ, ｨｮ000701ｨｰ ｨｹｨｬ02ｨｪ0701ｨｰ ｨｺ05ｨｺ050701ｨｰ 04 ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｹ000400ｨ 00ｨｦｨ ｨ ｨｹ0204ｨｮ04 02ｨｪ ｨｦｨ ｨｰ R ｨｦ0805ｨ ｨｮｨｦ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ0100ｨｺ09ｨｦ00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬ02 ｨ ｨｪ ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｹ000400ｨ ｨ ｨｹ0204ｨｮ04ｨｰ 02ｨｪ ｨｦｨ ｨｰ R ｨ ｨｪ ｨｦｨｮｨｮｨｹ ｨ 08ｨｹ 0009ｨｦ080505ｨｮｨｦｨ, ｨｦｨｮｨｮｨｹ ｨ 08ｨｹ ｨ ｨｮｨｦｨ, ｨｦｨｮｨｮｨｹ ｨ 08ｨｹ 0802ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｮｨｦｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｦｨｮｨｮｨｹ ｨ 08ｨｹ 0206ｨ ｨｮｨｦｨ ｨｮ0100ｨｺ09ｨｦ00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｹ000400ｨ ｨ ｨｹ0204ｨｮ04ｨｰ 02ｨｪ ｨｦｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ0007ｨｪ 407, 507, 607 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 707 ｨｺ05ｨｺ0507 ｨ ｨｪ0008ｨｮ0007ｨｦ ﾂｨ, ｨｮ ﾂ. 8(ｨ ).

8 1328 T02 ﾂｨｪ. ﾁ0907ｨｪ. 0308ｨｦｨｮ00. 00ｨｺ , 07, ﾂ Tech. Chron. Sci. J. TCG, I, No ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ04ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｴｨｨ0208 ｨｹ00ｨｦ ｨｦ01ｨｦｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｴｨｬ06ｨｪ02ｨｰ 0700ｨ ｨｪ 04 ｨ ｨｪ0007 ﾂ07, ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ0308ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｹ000400ｨ ｨ ｨｹ0204ｨｮ04ｨｰ 02ｨｪ ｨｦｨ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 ｨｮ0100ｨｺ09ｨｦ00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬ02 ｨ ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨ 09 ﾂｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ O 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ P 1 ｨ ｨｪ0008ｨｮ0007ｨｦ ﾂｨ, ｨｹ08ｨｴｨｰ 02ｨ 08ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ00ｨ ｨｮ ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 00ｨ 7(b), 7(c), 8(b), 8(c), 9(b) ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 9(c). 0405ｨｪ00ｨｴｨｰ, 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨｹｨｰ ｨｹ00ｨｦ 07ｨｦ ｨｦ06ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｬ04 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｦ01ｨｦ ｨｴｨｪ 0700ｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ0200ｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪ ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦ07 RO 1 02ｨｪ ｨｮ ﾂ06ｨｮ02ｨｦ ｨｬ02 00ｨ ｨ ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 (ｨｮ ﾂ. 7, 8 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 9) ｨｹ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｪ 08ｨ 09ｨ ｨｺ0500ｨｴ ｨｮ ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ: ｨｴｨｮ ｨｹ R 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｹ 0004ｨｪ 08ｨ 09ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｦｨｺ07 ｨｬ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｦｨ 00ｨｦｨ ｨｹ05ｨ 00ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ ｨ 08ｨｹ 00 R 6ﾖ3 1.0 ｨｮ02 00 R 6ﾖ3 2.0 ﾂ ｨｮｨｦ, ｨｴｨｮ04, ｨ 09ｨ ｨｨ04ｨｺ02 ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｬ04 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｦ01ｨｦｨｹ ｨｰ RO 1 ｨｮ0100ｨｺ09ｨｦ00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬ02 ｨ ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1, ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ0004 ｨｬ0208ｨｴｨｮ ｨｮ0004ｨｮｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ ｨｪ 02ｨｪ08ｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｮ04 07ｨｦ 01ｨｦｨ 00ｨｬ0400ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ 0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ RO 1 ｨｮ0100ｨｺ09ｨｦ00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬ02 00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｦ06ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP ｨｮｨｦ, 07ｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｦ06ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｬ0200ｨ ｨ 09ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｦｨｺ07ｨｰ-02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪ04ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｰ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ O 1 - R ｨｪｨ ｨｦ 00 (O 1 ) - 00 (RO 1 ) = = 1.5MPa, 02ｨｪ06 07ｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｦ06ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ00ｨ ｨ ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ 0700ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮｨ 0206ｨｰ ｨｬｨｦｨｺ09ｨｹ ｨｰ: 00 (O 2 ) - 00 (RO 2 ) = = 0.7MPa ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00 (P 1 ) - 00 (RP 1 ) = = 0.82MPa ｨｮ ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 10 02ｨ 08ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ 0007 ｨｬ0600ｨｦｨｮ ｨ 09ｨ 05ｨ ｨｬ0905ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｹ 00ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ 03 1, O 2, P 1, R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 ｨｮ02 01ｨｦ ｨ ｨ 0805ｨ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｬ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｬ0200ｨ ｨｺｨｦｨｪ07ｨｮ02ｨｴｨｪ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ04ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｴｨｨ0208 ｨｹ00ｨｦ, 02ｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｦｨｺｨｹ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｬｨｹ000400ｨ ｨｬ0200ｨ ｨｺｨｦｨｪ07ｨｮ02ｨｴｨｪ 1.0 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨ O 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ P ｨｦ06ｨ ｨｪ 0805ｨ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｬｨｹ000400ｨ ｨｬ0200ｨ ｨｺｨｦｨｪ07ｨｮ02ｨｴｨｪ , 00ｨ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP ｨｦ06ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｺ ｨｬ0200ｨ ｨ ｨｮ00ｨｦｨｬｨｹ000400ｨ ｨ ｨｮ02 ｨｺ07ｨｪ0005 ｨｮ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ, ｨｮ04ｨｰ, ｨｹ00ｨｦ 00ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 01ｨｦｨ ｨｺ0908ｨｪ07ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｹ ｨ 0009ｨ ｨｺ000702ｨｦ010208ｨｰ 0909ｨｹ ﾂ0701ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｬｨｦｨｺ09ｨｹ ｨｮ0006ｨｪｨｴｨｮ ｨｴ ｨ 08ｨｹ 0004ｨｪ ｨ 09 ﾂ07 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨ 06ｨｹｨｪｨｴｨｪ (pinching) ｨｮ02 ｨ ｨｪ0008ｨｨ02ｨｮ04 ｨｬ ｨｰ 01ｨｮ ｨｦｨｺ0705ｨｰ 0909ｨｹ ﾂ0701ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 03 1, O 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ P ｨ ｨｮｨｦ ｨｪ 06ｨｪ0007ｨｪ04 ｨｮ0006ｨｪｨｴｨｮ04 (ｨｮ ﾂ. 6) ｨｹ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ0007 ｨｹ00ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｪ 08ｨ ｨｮｨ ｨｬ09ｨ ｨｮ04 ｨｮ00ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 ｨｬ02ｨｦ06ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦｨｮｨｨ ｨｦ 0705ｨｦｨｮｨｨ07ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬ07ｨｺｨｴｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ000505ｨｴｨｪ ｨｪ0705ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｹ 0007ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｦ0008ｨ 0004ｨｰ ｨｮ04ｨｬｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｺ07ｨｰ ｨｴｨｮ04ｨｰ, ﾂ05ｨｪ0701ｨｪ 07ｨｦ ｨｬ04 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｦ01ｨｦｨｹ ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 ｨｮ0100ｨｺ09ｨｦ00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬ02 ｨ ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 03 1, O 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ P 1, 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ0001 ﾂ07ｨｰ 0202ｨ 09ｨｬ ｨｬ09ｨ ｨｮ04ｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｺ02 ｨｮ0004ｨｪ 3.3 ｨｬ ｨｦｨｺｨｹ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0105ｨ ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ02 00ｨｬ07ｨｬｨ 00ｨ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺ0908ｨｮｨｦｨｬｨｴｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ06ｨｪ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ000505ｨｴｨｪ ｨ ｨｮｨ 02ｨｪ08ｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｮ ｨｴｨｮ02 ｨｮ04ｨｬｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｺ05 00ｨｦｨｰ 08ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ0201ｨｦｨ ｨｮｨｬ ｨｴｨｪ ｨ 09 ﾂｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ, ｨ ｨｹ0007 ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨｪ0700ｨｦｨｺ0705 ｨｮ ﾂ0201ｨｦｨ ｨｮｨｬ0705, 00ｨｦｨｰ 0208ｨｦｨｺ09ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｮ0007ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｦｨ 00ｨｬ0400ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ 0005ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 0007ｨｪ ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ (ｨｮ0500ｨｺ09ｨｦｨｮ04 08ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ060009ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ ﾂ0201ｨｦｨ ｨｮｨｬ ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 03 1, O 2, P 1 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 ｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｮ ﾂｨｴｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ. 1, ｨｮ ﾂ. 2). 01ｨｦｨ ｨｴｨｮ04 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨ 00ｨｺ0509ｨｴｨｮ04ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬ07ｨｺｨｴｨｪ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨｦ07 ﾂ07 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨ 00ｨｺ010908ｨｴｨｪ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｨ0600ｨｴｨｰ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ020007ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｺ000907ｨｺ ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｬｨｦｨｺ ｨｦ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬ mm (ｨｬ07ｨｺ0701ｨｰ 15cm ). 0408ｨｴｨｰ 02ｨ 08ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｨｨ 0905 ｨ 08ｨｹ 0004ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦｨｮｨｨ ｨｬ0208ｨｴｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｮ0006ｨｪｨｴｨｮ04ｨｰ ｨｦ06ｨ ｨｪ 00ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 ｨｮ0100ｨｺ09ｨｦ00ｨｦｨｺ05 ｨｬ ｨｮ0006ｨｪｨｴｨｮ04 00ｨｴｨｪ 03 1, O 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ P 1 ｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｮ ﾂｨｴｨｰ (ｨｮ ﾂ. 6), 07ｨｦ ｨｦ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｺ ｨ ｨｮｨｬｨ 00ｨｦｨｺ0708 ｨｮ0007 ｨｪｨ ｨｦ06ｨｮ0701ｨｪ ｨ 06ｨｦ07ｨｮ04ｨｬ0208ｨｴ00ｨ 00ｨｦｨｰ ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｺ02ｨｰ ｨ 00ｨｺ0509ｨｴｨｮ04ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬ07ｨｺｨｴｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺ06ｨｪ 00ｨｴｨｪ R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP ｨｬ06ｨｪｨ ｨｺ0009ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ 00ｨ ｨｦｨｪｨｦ06ｨｪ ｨｬ04ｨｺ05ｨｪｨｮ02ｨｴｨｰ (strain gages): 05 ｨｮ01ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 04 ｨ ｨｦｨｺｨｹ000400ｨ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0809ｨｹｨｮｨｨ0200ｨｴｨｪ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ06ｨｪ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ 0004ｨｰ ｨｦ07 ﾂ07ｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 ｨｮ0004ｨｪ 0208ｨｦ0001 ﾂ07 02ｨｪ08ｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｮ ｨｰ 02ｨ 08ｨｪ07ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｹ 00ｨ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ 00ｨ 0208ｨｦ09ｨ 0505ｨｹｨｬ02ｨｪ04ｨｰ 0006ｨｬｨｪ0701ｨｮｨ ｨｰ-08ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬｨｹ0902ｨｴｨｮ04ｨｰ 0809ｨｹｨｮｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ (ｨｮ ﾂ. 11, 12) ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ04ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｴｨｨ0208 ｨｹ00ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｹ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨ ｨｺ0009ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ 00ｨ ｨｦｨｪｨｦ06ｨｪ ｨｬ04ｨｺ05ｨｪｨｮ02ｨｴｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 08ｨ 09ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 0205ｨｪ04ｨｺ02 ｨｹ00ｨｦ 07ｨｦ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0708 ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｦ ｨｮｨ ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｹ 0007ｨｪ 107 ｨｺ05ｨｺ ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04ｨｰ. 0908ｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨ ｨｺ0009ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｪ 00ｨ ｨｦｨｪｨｦ06ｨｪ ｨｬ04ｨｺ05ｨｪｨｮ02ｨｴｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0809ｨｹｨｮｨｨ0200ｨｴｨｪ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｴｨｪ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 02ｨ 08ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ｨｹ00ｨｦ 07ｨｦ ｨｦｨｮｨｬ0708 ｨ ｨｮｨ ｨｪ 07 ｨｮ0004ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｰ 0004ｨｰ ｨｦ07 ﾂ07ｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ090701, ｨｹ08ｨｴｨｰ 02ｨ 08ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｹ 00ｨ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ 00ｨ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ RO 2 (ｨｮ ﾂ. 12), 07 ｨｮ0004 ｨｮ04ｨｬｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｺ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｨ01ｨｮ ｨｮ ｨｰ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ090701, ｨｹ08ｨｴｨｰ 02ｨ 08ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｹ 00ｨ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ 00ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｦｨｬ RP 1 (ｨｮ ﾂ. 11), ｨｹ ｨ 08ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ｨｹ00ｨｦ 04 01ｨｦｨ ｨｹｨｮｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨ 0008ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｪ 507 ｨｺ05ｨｺ ｨｹ0900ｨｦｨｮ04ｨｰ, ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 07 ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ 0102ｨｪ ﾂｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｮ04ｨｬｨ ｨｪ00ｨｦｨｺｨｹ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬｨｹ0902ｨｴｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ 04 08ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬｨｹ0902ｨｴｨｮ04 01ｨｦｨ ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ07ｨｰ ｨｮ01ｨｬ080209ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ0007 ﾂ08ｨ ｨｰ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ: 01ｨｦｨ 0004ｨｪ 0809ｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｮ02ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｦｨｺ07ｨｰ ｨｮ01ｨｬ080209ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ0007 ﾂ08ｨ ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 02ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ﾂ01ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ R03 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 ﾂ0904ｨｮｨｦｨｬ070807ｨｦ07ｨｨ04ｨｺ02 04 ｨｪ06ｨ ｨｦｨｮ00ｨｦｨｺ ｨｮ060000ｨｦｨｮ04 ｨｮ ﾂ0201ｨｦｨ ｨｮｨｬｨｹ 08ｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ 0207ｨｺ ｨｮ ｨｬｨ 0007ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨｹ 03/ ｨ ｨｮｨｦ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｦ0905ｨｦ070009ｨ 02ｨｦｨｺ07 08ｨ 09ｨ 0807ｨｬ0807 [28] ｨｮ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｴ000609ｨｴ ｨｬ02ｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｦ 04 01ｨｦｨ 00ｨｬ0400ｨｦｨｺ ｨｮ04 ｨ ｨｮ0007 ﾂ08ｨ ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ09ｨｴｨｪ 00ｨｴｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｴ000609ｨｴ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 00 ult =00 f ult c MPa ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 07ｨｦ ｨｦｨｮ00ｨｦｨｺ06ｨｰ 00ｨｦｨｬ06ｨｰ 0004ｨｰ 0208ｨｦｨｺ09ｨ ｨｮｨ ｨｰ 01ｨｦｨ 00ｨｬ0400ｨｦｨｺ07ｨｰ 0005ｨｮ04ｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｦｨ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺ06ｨｪ 00 cal =00 f cal c MPa (0202ｨｹｨｮ07ｨｪ 07ｨｦ 05ｨｹ0007ｨｦ ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨｪ0700ｨｦｨｺ0705 ｨｮ ﾂ0201ｨｦｨ ｨｮｨｬ0705 ｨｹ05ｨｴｨｪ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 0700ｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ0200ｨ ｨｦ 0004ｨｰ ｨｬ07ｨｪ0501ｨ ｨｰ 00 R >>1, ｨｮ ﾂ. 2). 0705ｨｬ02ｨｴｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ07ｨｪ , 0202ｨｹｨｮ07ｨｪ 00 cal < 00 ult, ｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｦｨ ｨｰ 0107ｨｺ ｨｰ 01ｨｦｨ ｨｰ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ01ｨｪ020806ｨｰ 04 01ｨｦｨ 00ｨｬ0400ｨｦｨｺ ｨｮ04 ｨｮ0007ｨｪ ｨｺｨｹｨｬ0907, ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨ0208 ｨｮ00ｨ 0107ｨｺ08ｨｬｨｦｨ (0108ｨｹ 0004ｨｪ ｨｹｨｨ02ｨｮ04 00 cal < 00 ult ), ｨｨｨ 0208ｨｪｨ ｨｦ 00 pred = 00 cal MPa ｨｪ 0808ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ 1 02ｨ 08ｨｪ0200ｨ ｨｦ 07 ｨｮ01ｨｮ ﾂ0200ｨｦｨｮｨｬｨｹｨｰ ｨｬ0200ｨ -

9 13T02 ﾂｨｪ. ﾁ0907ｨｪ. 0308ｨｦｨｮ00. 00ｨｺ , 07, ﾂ Tech. Chron. Sci. J. TCG, I, No ｨｮｨｴ ｨｺｨｦｨｬ ｨｮｨｴ ｨｺｨｦｨｬ ﾂ04ｨｬｨ 5: ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ0007 ﾂ08ｨ ｨｰ 00ｨｴｨｪ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ O 1, O 2, RO 1, RO 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1 ( ｨｬ0205ｨｪｨｦｨｮ ｨｪ 0801ｨｦｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ0007 ﾂ08ｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ ). Figure 5: Cracking configuration of specimens O 1, O 2, RO 1, RO 2 and RP 1 (cracking configuration of specimen P 1 was identical with that of specimen O 2 ). 29

10 1330 T02 ﾂｨｪ. ﾁ0907ｨｪ. 0308ｨｦｨｮ00. 00ｨｺ , 07, ﾂ Tech. Chron. Sci. J. TCG, I, No 2 07 ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 6(a): 0004 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｦｨｺ07 ｨｮ01ｨｬ080209ｨｦ ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 03 1 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RO 1. Figure 6(a): Applied shear-versus-drift angle for specimens O 1 and RO ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 6(b): 0004 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｦｨｺ07 ｨｮ01ｨｬ080209ｨｦ ｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 03 2 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RO 2. Figure 6(b): Applied shear-versus-drift angle for specimens O 2 and RO ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 6(c): 0004 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｦｨｺ07 ｨｮ01ｨｬ080209ｨｦ oｨｺｨｦｨｬ08ｨｴｨｪ 05 1 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ RP 1. Figure 6(c): Applied shear-versus-drift angle for specimens P 1 and RP 1.

11 13T02 ﾂｨｪ. ﾁ0907ｨｪ. 0308ｨｦｨｮ00. 00ｨｺ , 07, ﾂ Tech. Chron. Sci. J. TCG, I, No ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 7(ｨ ): ｨｺ09ｨｦｨｮ04 ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ0308ｨ ｨｰ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ RO 1 ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ0308ｨ Figure 7(ｨ ): Stiffness comparison between specimens RO 1 and O ﾂ07ｨｬｨ 7(b): ｨｺ09ｨｦｨｮ04 ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ0308ｨ ｨｰ 0107ｨｺｨｦｨｬ RO 2 ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ0308ｨ Figure 7(b): Stiffness comparison between specimens RO 2 and O 2.