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3 QD library! Feature! Easy to use high precision! Easy to understand the structure of arithmetic! 2 type high precision arithmetic! Double-Double precision (pseudo quadruple precision)! Quad-Double precision (pseudo octuple precision) * High-Precision Software Directory,
4 GRAPE-MP4, MP6, MP8 Extending the arithmetic format 52 bit double MP 11 bit MP4 15 bit 116 bit bit bit TD MP6 176 bit QD MP8 240 bit software emulation
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6 double[4] c = {s0, s1, s2, s3}; TD operations (SUB, MUL and DIV) are created. Each TD AD other return c; QD to TD example (A) TD MUL has 27 times and 78 times double precision computations, is clear that these numbers are less than those of QD A and QD MULはRenormalizeを行わない また分岐を使わないRenormalizeを採用 1: Algorithm Design for Figure QD A: from a[0] todesign a[3] andfor from 4.3: Algorithm TD A: from a[0] to a[2] an 3] represent a QD precision value [0] aistd highest bits and b[0] torespectively, b[2] represent precision value respectively, [0] is highest b west bits. The box marked + algorithms such + a means addition algorithms [2] ismeans lowestaddition bits. The box marked
7 OpenCL! Framework for parallel processing programming! Programs run on many platforms and devices (Multi-core CPUs, GPUs, DSP, FPGA etc.)! Target devices of this work! Multi-core CPUs! GPUs! Many Integrated Core (MIC)
8 is shown in Table 1. 行列乗算 (2012) And in this Section I show performance evaluation of matrix multiplication in calculation by OpenCL. 4 s In Figure 2, I present test configurations used in this work. And the information about CPU and GPU I used is shown in Section 6.3. PU CPUs do not support FMA, GPU so I used them without Figure 3: Result of CPU (non-parallel) - from left to And I also tried non-parallelized calculations in ntelfma. AMD right in each Dimension (N), No.1, No.2 and No.3 CPUs to compare the result with that of using OpenCL. As one of the non-parallelized calculations, I also used K Radeon HD7970 the mpack library. The mpack library is a library Gflops 947 Gflops which has many operations for vector and matrix in multiple precision. VX) (FMA) CL 1.1 OpenCL 1.1 University of Aizu, Graduation Thesis. March, 2012 NUX AMD-APP Figure 2: Test configurations Intel) (by AMD) GPU CPU Figure 4: Result of CPU (OpenCL) - from left to right Intel AMD device name Core i7-2600k Radeon HD7970 in each Dimension (N), No.4, No.5 and No.6 peak Gflops 947 Gflops performance (AVX) (FMA) c and configuration [6] OpenCL SDK ver. OpenCL 1.1 LINUX (by Intel) OpenCL 1.1 AMD-APP (by AMD) Figure 4: Result of CPU (OpenCL) - from left to right in each Dimension (N), No.4, No.5 and No.6 Table 1: Spec and configuration K.Nakamura, G.Thesis 2012
9 University of Aizu, Graduation(2012) Thesis. March, 2012 LU分解 Figure 6: Result of LU factorization - from left to right K.Nakamura, G.Thesis 2012 in each Dimension (N), mpack (non-blocking), CPU (OpenCL) and GPU (OpenCL)
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11 -GEMM performance on GPUs! HD7970(Tahiti) produces highest performance (60 Gflop/s)
12 -GEMM performance on CPUs! Xeon Phi produces stable & high performance (11 Gflop/s)
13 QR decomposition Major routine of Linear Algebra! Decompose matrix A to matrix Q and matrix R! A: m-by-n matrix ( m n )!!! Q: m-by-m orthogonal matrix R: m-by-n upper triangular matrix ブロック化Householder法によるQR分解を実装
14 Performance Tests of -QR decomposition! Environments of Tests! Compare below! Without OpenCL (Serial execution)! -GEMM on GPUs with OpenCL! -GEMM on CPUs with OpenCL
15 Stage 1 Stage2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Algorithm 9 Blocked Householder QR Require: A C m n,q T Q = I 1: Q I 2: for k =1ton/r do 3: s =(k 1) r +1 4: for j =1tor do 5: u = s + j 1 6: [v, β] =house(a[u : m, u]) 7: A[u : m, u : s + r 1] = A[u : m, u : s + r 1] βvv T A[u : m, u : s + r 1] 8: V [:,j]=[zeros(j 1, 1); v] 9: B(j) =β 10: end for 11: Y = V [1 : end, 1] 12: W = B(1) V [1 : end, 1] 13: for j =2tor do 14: v = V [:,j] 15: z = B(j) v B(j) WY T v 16: W =[Wz] 17: Y =[Yv] 18: end for 19: A[s : m, s + r : n] =A[s : m, s + r : n]+yw T A[s : m, s + r : n] 20: Q[1 : m, s : m] =Q[1 : m, s : m]+q[1 : m, s : m]wy T 21: end for
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17 Serial vs. OpenCL(GPU) Serial(CPU)による計算時間 計算時間(秒) OpenCL(GPU)による計算時間 N=3072の場合 GPUの利用で20倍高速
18 分解結果の精度について N=1024 r = 64
19 1 I = 0 1 x dx 0 1 x y dy 0 湯浅 et al dz 1 D 2 D= xys tz 1 x y z x y 2 1 x y z 1 x y m e 2 z 1 x y m f 2 倍精度演算では数値不安定 4 倍精度演算が必要
20 Table 4.13: Numerical results with HD6970 (λ =10 ) N Double e e-7 Double-Double e e-7 Triple-Double e e-7 Quad-Double e e-7 Analytical Answer e e-7 Table 4.14: Numerical results with HD6970 (λ =10 ) N Double e e-7 Double-Double e e-7 Triple-Double e e-7 Quad-Double e e-7 Analytical Answer e e-7
21 D TD QD 1 core 4 core GPU (?)
22 Kernel Generator LSUMP for AMD GPU, DR, GRAPE-MP for(id3=0; id3<n 2; id3++){ x301[0] = g x301[id3 2 +0]; x301[1] = g x301[id3 2 +1]; gw30[0] = g gw30[id3 2 +0]; gw30[1] = g gw30[id3 2 +1]; TwoProd(x301, cnt4, zz); 入力 10行 OpenCL Kernel 80行 TwoProd(mone, xx, t[0]); TwoProd(t[0], yy, t[1]); TwoProd(t[1], s, t[2]); TwoProd(tt, zz, t[3]); TwoSub(one, xx, t[4]); TwoSub(t[4], yy, t[5]); TwoSub(t[5], zz, t[6]); TwoProd(t[3], t[6], t[7]); TwoSub(t[2], t[7], t[8]); TwoSum(xx, yy, t[9]); TwoProd(t[9], ramda, t[10]);
23 付録 MPX: Performance比較 MP MP4 MP6 MP8 116 bit 6PE 112 bit 16PE 176 bit 14PE 240 bit 10PE 概要 78% 100MHz 1.2 Gflops 0.49 Gflops 12.6 W 61% 81% 85% 125MHz 95MHz 70MHz 4 Gflops 2.66 Gflops 1.4 Gflops Gflops Gflops Gflops 11.5 W 12.3 W 90nm only PEs 40nm PEs & PCIe logic Nakasato etal. 2012, Daisaka etal. 2011
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