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Technology Trends and Applications of IoT System Susumu MATSUI 1991 M. Weiser Ubiquitous Computing 25 Pervasive Computing Ambient Intelligence IoT (Internet of Things) Ubiquitous Computing IoT IoT IoT IoT Ubiquitous ComputingIoT IoT IoT 1. 1991 Weiser Ubiquitous Computing [1] 25 IoT (Internet of Things) [2] Weiser Weiser Pervasive Computing [3] Ambient Intelligence [4] IoT 10 1 [5]IoT IT IoT IoT 2. IoT 1 IoT Faculty of Information Science Technology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Hirakata-shi, 573 0196 Japan 1 IoT Fig. 1 Configuration of IoT system. C Vol. J100 C No. 4 pp. 151 158 c 2017 151
2017/4 Vol. J100 C No. 4 IoT GW IoT IoT GW IoT IoT IoT GW [6] 3. 1 WiFiWiSUN 2 WiFi WiSUN [7] IEEE802.15.4g 2012 7 920MHz 20mW 250mW 12mW 400m [8]IoT 2 WiFi WiSUN 1 Table 1 Requirements to wireless network. / // 2 Table 2 Comparison of wireless network. WiFi WiSUN 4. 1 6Lowpan [9] RPL [10] 4. 1 6Lowpan [9] 10 1 IPv4 IPv6 IPv6 IPv6 40 IEEE802.15.4g MAC IPv6 6Lowpan [9] IETF 6Lowpan (1) (2) MAC 2 40 IPv6 3 152
2 Fig. 2 Multi-Hop network. 4. 2 RPL [10] IoT 2 OLSR AODV IETF MANET WG [11] GW 2 GW 3 4 IoT 3 IoT RPL [10] RPL GW Root Root DIO (DODAG Information Object) DODAG GW Root DIO Root 3 Fig. 3 Conventional Ad Hoc network. 4 IoT Fig. 4 Ad Hoc network for IoT system. 3 IoT Table 3 Comparison of conventional Ad Hoc network and Ad Hoc network for IoT system. IoT GW GW OLSRAODV RPL 100 1,000 +1 DIO DIO Root DIO DAO (Destination Advertisement Object) DAO Root Root Root Root DIO 4. 3 GW GW GW IoT WiFi WiSUN MAC CSMA/CA 153
2017/4 Vol. J100 C No. 4 CSMA/CA CSMA/CD MAC Ack CSMA/CA [12]IoT GW GW 1 1 CSMA/CA 5 Fig. 5 Vertical integrated system. 6 Fig. 6 7 onem2m Fig. 7 Architecture of onem2m. Horizontal integrated system. (1) (2) CSMA/CA [13] [14] 5. IoT IoT 5 6 5. 1 onem2m [15] onem2m IoT 2012 7 208 2015 1 ETSI onem2m IoT 12 7 onem2m CSE (Common Service Entity)CSE CSF (Common Service Function) CSE CSF 4 onem2m 2016 8 2 5. 2 OCF [16] OCF (Open Connectivity Foundation) 2014 7 IntelCisco 154
4 onem2m (CSF) Table 4 Main CSF in onem2m. CSF / OCI (Open Interconnect Consortium) 2013 12 Qualcomm Linux Foundation Allseen Alliance 2016 2 OIC IoTivity [17]Alssen Alliance Alljoyn [18] 5. 3 IoT OS IoT OS IoT Linux Android OS IoT OS IoT OS RIOT (The friendly Operating System for the Internet of Things) [19] INRIA 2008 OS OS RIOT Linux 1MB RIOT KB C C++ 6LowpanRPL HTTP CoAP (Cpnstrained Application Protocol) [20] RIOT LGPLv2.1 [21] PC 6. 8 Fig. 8 Configuration of smart meter system. 6. 1 AMI (Advanced Metering Infurasuructure) [22] 8 MDMS (Meter Data Management System) PLC (Power Line Communication) WiSUN+RPL 2014 10 100% 30 1 WiSUN 500 1,000 6. 2 / / 9 / / BMW C2CCC (Car to Car Communication Consortium) [23] 155
2017/4 Vol. J100 C No. 4 9 / Fig. 9 V2X system. 760MHz 6. 3 15 2008 [25] 429MHz ID 2009 400 500 350m-500m 1 7. IoT 10 / Fig. 10 V2X system architecture in EU. ETSI 10 / 5.9GHz IEEE802.11p 10MHz 3ch : 1ch: 2ch Geo- Cast [24] CAM (Cooperative Awareness Message) DNM (Decentralized Notification Message) / 2017 / 10 1 IoT IoT IoT IoT IoT 5. IoT 7. 1 4. 3 IoT GW CSMA/CA TDMA [12] IoT 156
11 Fig. 11 Structure of common wireless network infrastructure. 12 Fig. 12 Common use of sensor data. NICT NerveNet [26] GE Grid IQ AMI P2MP [27] NerveNet 11 WiFiWiSUN [28] IoT IoT 7. 2 IoT IoT 12 IoT 2015 IoT [29] WG 8. IoT / 157
2017/4 Vol. J100 C No. 4 IoT IoT IoT IoT [1] M. Weiser, The computer for the 21st century, Scientific American, vol.265, pp.94 104, 1991. [2] K. Ashton, That Internet of Things Thing, no.22, RFID Journal, June 2009. [3] M. Satyanarayanan, Pervasive computing: vision and challenges, IEEE Pers. Commun., vol.8, no.4, pp.10 17, Aug. 2001. [4] E. Aarts, ambient intelligence, The invisible future. The seamless integration of technology in everyday life, pp.235 250, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002. [5] J. Bryzek, ed., Tsensors for abundance, internet of everything and exponential organizations, Sensors Summit Munich 2014. [6] Iot NTTvol.27, no.8, pp.59 63, Aug. 2015. [7] Wi-SUN pp.ss 78 79, 2013. [8] 920MHz 920MHz March 2014. [9] G. Montenegro, et al., Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE802.15.4 Networks, RFC4944: of IETF, 2007. [10] T. Winter, et al., Ipv6 Routing Protocol for Low- Power and Lossy Networks, RFC6550 of IETF, 2012. [11] https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/manet/documents/ [12] AMI csma/ca tdma ASN2012-67, 2013. [13] ASN2014-41, 2014. [14] vol.172, no.4, pp.36 39, Oct. 2005. [15] onem2m standards for M2M and the internet of things. http://www.onem2m.org/ [16] https://openconnectivity.org/ [17] https://www.iotivity.org/ [18] https://allseenalliance.org/framework/ [19] E.E. Baccelli, et al., Riot and the evolution of IoT operating systems and applications, April 2015. https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01244722 [20] Z. Shelby, et al., The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), RFC7252 of IETF, 2014. [21] http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1. en.html [22] (AMI) vol.92, no.8, pp.34 37, Aug. 2010. [23] https://www.car-2-car.org/index.php?id=5 [24] T. Osafune and others, Multi-hop vehicular broadcast (MHVB), Proc. 6th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications, June 2006. [25] ad-hoc Bvol.J95-B, no.1, pp.30 47, Jan. 2012. [26] M. Inoue, et al., Nervenet: A reginal platform network for context-aware services with sensors and actuators, IEICE Trans. Commun, vol.e94-b, no.3, pp.618 629, March 2011. [27] http://www.gegridsolutions.com/smartmetering/ catalog/p2mp.htm [28] J. Mitola, et al., Cognitive radio: Making software radios more personal, IEEE Pers. Commun., vol.6, no.4, pp.13 18, Aug. 2002. [29] http://www.iotac.jp/ 28 10 27 29 3 13 1980 2012 IEEE 158