GUI
1 1 1.1........................... 2 2 3 2.1................................. 3 2.2............................... 3 2.3........................... 4 3 6 3.1................................... 6 3.2................................. 9 3.3........................ 10 4 12 4.1............................. 12 4.1.1............................... 12 4.1.2........................... 13 4.1.3......................... 14 4.2............................... 14 4.2.1...................... 14 4.2.2......................... 16 4.3....................... 16 4.4................................. 20 4.4.1.............. 20 4.4.2........... 21 5 23 5.1....................................... 23 5.1.1.................................. 23 5.1.2.................................. 25 5.1.3.................................... 26 5.2....................................... 27 5.2.1.................................. 27 i
5.2.2.................................. 28 5.2.3.................................... 28 6 30 6.1................... 30 6.2................. 31 6.2.1........................ 31 6.2.2..................... 31 7 33 34 34 ii
1.1............... 1 2.1.................... 3 2.2......................... 4 3.1................................... 6 3.2................................. 6 3.3............................. 7 3.4........ 8 3.5....... 8 3.6................... 9 3.7......... 10 4.1........................... 12 4.2 USB........................... 13 4.3............................... 14 4.4........................... 15 4.5........................... 15 4.6............................... 16 4.7................... 17 4.8................... 18 4.9............................... 18 4.10....................... 18 4.11................................... 18 4.12................................... 19 4.13........................... 19 4.14 GUI..................... 19 4.15............................... 20 4.16......................... 21 4.17..................... 22 4.18................................. 22 5.1...................................... 24 iii
5.2...................................... 24 5.3................................... 25 5.4.................................... 26 5.5................................... 27 5.6....... 28 6.1 Pigtail....................................... 32 6.2 Marking Menu................................... 32 iv
3.1......................... 7 3.2........................ 9 4.1............... 20 v
1 [1] [2, 3, 4] [5, 6, 7, 8] [9] 1.1: 1
1 1.1 2 [9] 3 4 3 5 6 7 1 2
2 2.1 [9, 10, 11] 2.1 PC USB レーザースポットとマウスカーソル USB カメラ プロジェクタ レーザーポインタ 2.1: 2.2 3
2.2 [5, 6, 7, 8] カーソルを合わせ 一定時間たつと クリック 2.2: 2.3 Myers [12] on/off / [9] 4
0.5 0.1 5
3 target target 3.1: 3.2: 3.1 Accot [13] 3.3 6
1. In-out 2. Out-in 3. In-out-in In-out Out-in 4. Out-in-out 3. Out-in In-out Screen area Screen edge 1. In-out 2. Out-in 3. In-out-in 4. Out-in-out 3.3: 3.1 3.4 3.1 Out-in 3.1: In-out Out-in In-out-in Out-in-out Command A Command E Command I Command M Command B Command F Command J Command N Command C Command G Command K Command O Command D Command H Command L Command P 7
上辺 In-out : Command A 左辺 In-out : Command C 下辺 Out-in : Command F 右辺 In-out-in : Command L 3.4: In-out-in Out-in-out 3.5 Out-in-out 3.2 右辺 右辺 Out-in-out : Command P-1 右辺 左辺 Out-in-out : Command P-2 3.5: 8
3.2: In-out-in Out-in-out Command I-0 Command M-0 Command I-1 Command M-1 Command I-2 Command M-2 Command I-3 Command M-3 Command J-0 Command N-0 3.2 GUI GUI 3.6 Select this file target.txt 3.6: 9
GUI 3.3 3.1 3.2 GUI GUI GUI Open Select this file, and 3.7: GUI GUI GUI GUI GUI 3.7 10
11
4 4.1 4.1.1 PC USB 4.1 532nm 1.2mrad 5mW USB ARTRAY ARTCAM-036MI 200FPS 36 USB2.0 レーザースポットとマウスカーソル USB カメラ プロジェクタ レーザーポインタ 4.1: PC USB 4.2 USB 12
画面表示領域 4.2: USB 4.1.2 4.3 4 Sukthankar [8] [9] [9] 13
1 4 2 3 4.3: 4.1.3 USB 640 480 33.3 PC 4.2 4.2.1 4.4 USB 4.5 14
1 フレーム目表示画面 画面の辺 2 フレーム目 レーザースポット 4.4: スクリーンと画面 レーザーポインタ ユーザーからから陰になりポイントできないできない領域 4.5: 15
4.2.2 4.6 out-in 1. 2. 1. 3. 2. Screen area Outgoing vector Screen edge In-out crossing Out-in crossing Incoming vector 4.6: in-out out-in in-out-in 500m 4.3 16
4.7 0.6 4.8 4.14 ユーザの意図意図しないしない交差 エンサークリング操作操作によるによる交差 4.7: 17
交差した線分 4.8: 4.9: 軌跡により生成される多角形 多角形の面積を求める S=2500 4.10: 4.11: 18
多角形の重心 多角形と重心が等しい正方形 4.12: 4.13: 正方形に包含されるターゲットを選択 4.14: GUI 19
4.4 4.4.1 Out-in In-out Out-in 4.15 4.1 4.1: Out-in Out-in Out-in Out-in In-out-in 上ページ 前ページ 次ページ 前ページ 次ページ トグル 下ページ トグル 4.15: Out-in Out-in 20
Out-in 4.16 In-out Out-in In-out-in In-out-in Outin [14] Page1 Page1 Page2 Page2 Page2 Page2 Page3 Page4 4.16: 4.4.2 4.17 4.18 21
4.17: 240pixel 180pixel 4.3 選択されるされるサムネイル 4.18: 22
5 4.4.1 5.1 5.1.1 1280 1024 1 1.5 5.1 21 36 15 5 10 50 90 10 5.2 1 23
1520mm PC USB Camera 980mm 1780mm Video Projector 1300mm 3m 6m 5.1: Current target Target matrix 5.2: 24
1 20 3m 6m 2 5 5.1.2 5.3 5.4 5 3m 6m 1 3m 1.45 6m 1.4 0.9 1.0 3m 80 82 6m 63 78 = (20) (20 + ) (5.1) Average operation time (sec.) 2.2 1.7 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.0 1.46 1.38 3m 6m 5.3: 25
Success rate 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 85% 73% 3m 6m 5.4: 5.1.3 5.5 (52%) 5.5 (17%) 5.5 (31%) 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 26
5.5: 3. 4.4.2 5.2 5.2.1 5 5.2 300 27
1 20 3m 6m 2 5 5.2.2 5.6 3m 6m 1.8 3m 1.67 6m 2.69 1 94 4.5 4.0 Average operation time (sec.) 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.79 1.82 1.67 2.69 3m 6m 0.5 0.0 encircling holding Operation technique 5.6: 5.2.3 3m 6m 28
6m 29
6 6.1 Olsen [5] Kirstein [7] GUI GUI Oh [6] ON/OFF Sukthankar [8] [15] Davis LumiPoint [16] Afterglow [17] [17] [16] Air-Real [18] Panel Operation 30
GUI 6.2 6.2.1 Apitz CrossY [19] GUI GUI 6.2.2 Hinckley Scriboli [20] Pigtail Marking menu [21, 22] Pigtail 6.1 Scriboli Pigtail?? Marking menu Pigtail Mizobuchi [23] 31
Object Paste Copy Cut Pigtail Move 6.1: Pigtail 6.2: Marking Menu 32
7 3m 6m 6m 33
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[1] François Guimbretière, Maureen Stone, and Terry Winograd. Fluid interaction with highresolution wall-size displays. In UIST 01: Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, pp. 21 30, New York, NY, USA, 2001. ACM Press. [2],,,,,. i/f. 2005, pp. 143 150., 2005. [3],,,,,.., Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 1327 1339, 2006. [4],,.. (DICOMO2006), pp. 833 836., 2006. [5] Jr. Dan R. Olsen and Travis Nielsen. Laser pointer interaction. In CHI 01: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 17 22. ACM Press, 2001. [6] Ji-Young Oh and Wolfgang Stuerzlinger. Laser pointers as collaborative pointing devices. In Graphics Interface, 2002. [7] C. Kirstein. Interaction with a projection screen using a cameratracked laser pointer, 1998. [8] Rahul Sukthankar, Robert G. Stockton, and Matthew D. Mullin. Smarter presentations: Exploiting homography in camera-projector systems. iccv, Vol. 01, p. 247, 2001. [9]..,, 2005. [10],,,,.. 2005, 2005. [11],,,.. 19, 2005. 35
[12] Brad A. Myers, Rishi Bhatnagar, Jeffrey Nichols, Choon Hong Peck, Dave Kong, Robert Miller, and A. Chris Long. Interacting at a distance: measuring the performance of laser pointers and other devices. In CHI 02: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 33 40, New York, NY, USA, 2002. ACM Press. [13] Johnny Accot and Shumin Zhai. More than dotting the i s foundations for crossing-based interfaces. In CHI 02: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 73 80, New York, NY, USA, 2002. ACM Press. [14] Buntarou Shizuki, Takaomi Hisamatsu, Shin Takahashi, and Jiro Tanaka. Laser pointer interaction techniques using peripheral areas of screens. In AVI 06: Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces, pp. 95 98, New York, NY, USA, 2006. ACM Press. [15],.. 19, 2005. [16] J. Davis and X. Chen. Lumipoint: Multi-user laser-based interaction on large tiled displays. Displays, Vol. 23, No. 5, 2002. [17] Afterglow. URL:<http://www.lleedd.com/afterglow/top.html>. [18],,,,,. Air-real:. IX, pp. 113 118., 2001. [19] Georg Apitz and François Guimbretière. Crossy: a crossing-based drawing application. In UIST 04: Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, pp. 3 12, New York, NY, USA, 2004. ACM Press. [20] Ken Hinckley, Patrick Baudisch, Gonzalo Ramos, and Francois Guimbretiere. Design and analysis of delimiters for selection-action pen gesture phrases in scriboli. In CHI 05: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 451 460, New York, NY, USA, 2005. ACM Press. [21] Gordon Kurtenbach and William Buxton. The limits of expert performance using hierarchic marking menus. In CHI 93: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 482 487. ACM Press, 1993. [22] Gordon P. Kurtenbach, Abigail J. Sellen, and William A.S. Buxton. An empirical evaluation of some articulatory and cognitive aspects of marking menus. In Human-Computer Interactions, Vol. 8, pp. 1 23. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1993. [23] Sachi Mizobuchi and Michiaki Yasumura. Tapping vs. circling selections on pen-based devices: evidence for different performance-shaping factors. In CHI 04: Proceedings of the 36
SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 607 614, New York, NY, USA, 2004. ACM Press. 37