No. 28 March 2017 How Asahi Shinbun Reported on Indonesia during the Japanese Occupation Photographs Taken or Gathered by Its Reporters during the War Period Yumiko Himemoto Major Japanese news publications sent their reporters to Southeast Asia at the Outbreak of the Pacific War. Asahi Shinbun sent more than 30 correspondents to Java as did other publishers. Furthermore, trusted by the Japanese Military in late 1942, it set up the Jawa Shinbun and Borneo Shinbun Agencies in Jakarta and Banjarmasin and started publishing newspapers. For reporting on Java during the Japanese Occupation, over 150 photographs were taken by correspondents and almost 650 photographic materials including post cards were gathered. Those over 1,200 photos and materials on Indonesia are still kept in the Asahi Shinbun Osaka Head Office. This paper aims to analyze those photographs and materials and to unveil activities of Asahi Shinbun both in Indonesia during the Japanese Occupation and in Japan. First, the first president of Jawa Shinbun was examined. He had been in charge of propaganda-graph magazines titled China Graph Magazine 大陸画刊 published in Chinese and Taiyo ( 太陽 )published in 7 languages, which were entrusted by the Cabinet Intelligence Office of Japan, before he was sent to Java. Asahi Shinbun was able to make a profit from them even in the midst of war. This fact indicates that Asahi Shinbun planned to publish the same kind of propaganda-graph magazine in Java in addition to publishing newspapers. The plan came to fruition when they began to publish Jawa Baroe, a propaganda-graph magazine, in Indonesian and Japanese. Second, the above-mentioned over 1,200 photographs and such materials were examined to understand how they were utilized in Asahi Shinbun newspaper. Those photographs were used to promote the Japanese military government s vision of the Greater Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere although there were also some articles mixed in with those photographs, which were taken because of the photographers own interest. Also it turned out that the number of photographs with their photographers name in Java decreased after mid-1943. This seemed to be due to the tightening of censorship from April 1942 in Java, and also because the Jakarta Branch of Asahi Shinbun was absorbed into Jawa Shinbun. Those photographs had more of a propagandistic nature, and helped the newspaper propagate the Greater Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere even toward the end of the War. In the case of Borneo, most correspondents of Asahi Shinbun worked as members of the military news report division from the beginning, and they kept mentioning their own names on the back of the photographs. 261
Third, two graph-magazines, Asahi Gurafu of Asahi Shinbun and Jawa Baroe of Jawa Shinbun were analyzed. While the former credited the photographers by listing their names with the photographs, which appeared in it, the latter totally dropped Japanese photographers names as was the practice for a propaganda magazine. But photographs of them were exchanged between the two magazines, the same editor-in-chief was in charge of the both magazines, and they presented photographs that showed the initiatives of the Indonesian people in activities in Java. Because of that, Jawa Baroe in particular could attract Indonesian readers even though those presented in it were different from the facts. It could be understood that during the Pacific War period Asahi Shinbun gradually became a Propaganda Publication through the above-mentioned processes. 30 1942 250 1,000 1,200 1 1 1890 1951 Jawa Baore 2 3 1 2009 262
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