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The Choice of Envoy Ship Routes between Koryŏ and Song, and the Background by Mo r i h i r a Masahiko In this article, the author aims to clarify the changes in the sea routes of the envoy ships between Koryŏ ( ) and Song ( ). Until the early 11th century, the envoy ships of both governments used the northern route, which connects the Shandong ( ) Peninsula to the midwest region of the Korean Peninsula across the Yellow Sea. Diplomacy between the two governments was interrupted for about 40 years, but was restored in the 1070's. According to the prevailing view, after that, the envoy ships of both governments began to use the southern route, which connects the Jiangnan( ) region and the Korean Peninsula across the East China Sea. However, recently, the importance of the northern route reaching to Mizhou ( ) in the Shandong Peninsula has been asserted. This route was used until the Northern Song s destruction in the early 12th century. Through comprehensive research on individual envoy ships, the author clarifies that the envoy ships of both governments mainly used the southern route from the late 11th century until the early 12th century. The prevailing view has pointed to the reasons for the southern route: the Khitan threat and the economic attractiveness of Jiangnan. In addition to these reasons, the author points to technical issues related to the sailing and navigation of the ships. Because the northern route had not been used for about 40 years, when the two governments resumed the exchange of envoys, the northern route had become somewhat unknown. By contrast, the southern route had been used continuously and actively throughout by private trade ships. Therefore, for both governments, the southern route was rich in safety and reliability, and ships were available crewed by experienced sailors. v