2016. Vol.36, No.2, pp. 15-30 田中義一の青年団体育奨励構想 (1908-1916) に関する研究 A Study of Giichi Tanaka s Concept of Promoting Physical Education to Young Men s Associations (1908-1916) Yuta ONO 1 Hidenori TOMOZOE 1 Kazuyuki NAGASHIMA 2 Sou NEMOTO 3 1 Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 2 Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jyonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180 3 Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192 Abstract Previous research has shown that physical education was introduced to young men s associations through the strong encouragement of Giichi Tanaka. However, there has not been sufficient research on how Tanaka promoted physical education to young men s associations or specifically what kind of plans were set forth. Accordingly, this study aims to clarify in detail the concept of promotion of physical education to young men s associations. As a result, the following points were clarified: 1) Tanaka positioned youth education in France, Russia and Austria as single-minded military school education and while he recognized its usefulness, he perceived it as negative. Meanwhile, he perceived German youth education favorably as discipline for the body and mind as a prerequisite to activities in the military. 2) In the backdrop of German youth education as a model, Tanaka had a sense of impending crisis with respect to the current state of youth education in Japan which was in a trend of implementing excessive military style education. Based on these points, the education in Tanaka s concept was, at least, positioned as activities in order to become healthy in terms of both stamina and spirit. 3) The promotion of physical education to the youth was, for Tanaka, keeping in mind the combination of military education and national education, an experiment that required strong and healthy spirits and bodies as a basic prerequisite for the promotion of national power and war potential at time of generalized war as well as an expansion of military training. 15
36 2 28 11 Ⅰ はじめに青年団とは 1 1915 4 2 1942 1 19591970 1994 1924 13 1991 1970 1968 3 先行研究の検討 3 1 195919701991 2 2015 3 1994 2000 2004 2014 16
1908-1916 1978 1978 1959 19701994 1 2 3 研究の目的 4 1908 41 1916 5 1915a Ⅱ 陸軍省による軍隊教育と国民教育の接合 1. 陸軍省による国民教育への着目 1904-1905 17
36 2 28 11 1907 40 4 3 1907 1907 1978 4 1908 41 1987 2. 田中義一による在郷軍人会の整備 1864 1886 191892 25 1918 7 1925 14 1927 2 194219781990 1911 pp. 5-6 5 1911 1915a 18
1908-1916 1915a p. 2 1915a p. 2 1910 43 11 1916a pp. 249-250 Ⅲ 田中義一による欧米視察と各国の青年教育の状況 1. 欧米視察への経緯 1912 45 4 1926 1926 p. 251 1916a p. 250 1914 3 2 8 6 2. 各国の青年教育と体育をめぐる状況 19
36 2 28 11 1) イギリス 1915a p. 19 1915a p. 21 1915a p. 21 1899 32 1899-1902 1915a p. 22 1900 1915a 11 18 15 2) フランス 1915a p. 34 1870-1871 7 1915a p. 34 1915a p. 9 1915a p. 7 3) ロシア 1915a p. 44 1915a p. 44 1915a p. 44 1915a p. 44 1915a p. 45 20
1908-1916 1915a p. 46 1915a pp. 51-52 4) オーストリア 1915a p. 71 1 1 1915a p. 72 1915a p. 72 1915a pp. 72-73 1915a p. 73 5) ドイツ 1915a p. 6 1915a p. 6 21
36 2 28 11 1915a pp. 7-8 1915a p. 8 1915a p. 10 1911 1915a p. 57 1911 44 1 18 von der Goltz Goltz 20 15 17 18 20 2 1915a 1915a pp. 56-57 22
1908-1916 1915a pp. 53-54 Goltz Goltz 1915 1915 p. 83 Goltz Goltz 3. 軍事的一点張り の青年教育の否定とドイツ の取り組みへの共鳴 2 1 2 1915a p. 34 1915b p. 4 1915a p. 59 1915a p. 52 8 1915a 23
36 2 28 11 1915a p. 120 1915a p. 121 1915a p. 156 Ⅳ 田中義一の青年団再編構想 1. 日本の青年教育の状況への認識 1914 3 8 1915a pp. 2-3 1 1915a p. 89 2 1915a p. 88 19591970 1915a p. 93 1915a p. 3 24
1908-1916 2. 田中の青年団再編構想 4 1) 青年団の位置づけと組織について 1 1915a p. 115 9 1915a p. 115 1915a p. 116 2 13 4 20 14 5 40 50 1915a pp. 115-116 20 1915a pp. 116-117 3 20 1915b 2) 体育の奨励について 4 1915a p. 122 1915a p. 106 1915a p. 121 1915a p. 106 1915a p. 106 1915a p. 107 25
36 2 28 11 1915a p. 107 1915a p. 107 1915a p. 107 2 1915a p. 123 1915a p. 123 Ⅴ 第一次訓令 通牒発令以後の青年団の体育に対する田中の展望 1915 4 9 1915 p. 1 20 1958 p. 612 1958 p. 613 1916 5 10 26
1908-1916 1916b p. 19 1916b pp. 19-20 1916c p. 48 1916c p. 48 Ⅵ まとめ 1 2 3 4 13 4 20 27
36 2 28 11 5 2000 2014 注 1 1915 4 1988 2 1915 4 9 15 1915 p. 1 28
1908-1916 3 1918 7 5 3 3 300 15 25 6 1 1934 2003 1973 4 5 1910 43 4 26 6 1915a 7 8 1918 7 1918 9 1905 38 1973 10 1916 5 2 3 1916 p. 3 文献 1916 1 1 2-3. 1934 5 1990 1915 1978 1991 : 1970 1994 1987 1942 29
36 2 28 11 1978 pp.659-717 1973 1968 1973 1915 937 1 2014 59 705-720. 2015 60 449-465 1907 40 1908 17 2000 7 10 17 1-13 2004 21 15-25 2003 9 12 1978 1959 1911 1915a 1915b 9 11 2-10. 1916a 1916b 1 1 18-21 1916c 1 9 45-48. 1918 1926 pp. 239-261. 1958 1988 28 5 23 28 10 12 30