tikeya[at]shoin.ac.jp Difference between the Japanese Compound Verbs Das and Hajime : A Corpus-based Study Tomoko IKEYA Kobe Shoin Women s University Institute of Linguistic Sciences Abstract BCCWJ-NT The syntactic compound verbs das and hajime are both known as aspectual (auxiliary) verbs that express the start of an action. Previous studies analyze the difference between these two verbs by examining examples composed by researchers, and it has been regarded that these two verbs are interchangeable, whereas das often indicates an action that happens suddenly. This paper is intended to clarify the characteristics of the verbs das and hajime by investigating real sentence examples from the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese, and argues that the difference betwen the two verbs can be explained by the two factors: delimitivity and controllability. Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at Kobe Shoin, No. 20, 35 59, 2017. No. 20, 35 59, 2017.
36 Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at Kobe Shoin No. 20, 2017 : Key Words: syntactic compound verbs, lexical compound verbs, aspectual compound verbs, delimitivity, controllability, imperfective paradox 1. V1 V2 1987:76 1 // 12 2 1 / /
37 (1) a. b. (1a) (b) b BCCWJ-NT 2 (2) 2001 (3) BOOCS 2005 1993 (1999) 2002 2. (1993) 199319992012 2 2012:3 4 a V2V12 2 (BCCWJ) 430 http://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/
38 Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at Kobe Shoin No. 20, 2017 b V2 V1 V1 1993:75 a b (1993:96) (1993) a * b * c * d *cf.
39 e * 1993 (2012) 2 1: (2012) V1, V2 V1 V2 V1 V2 V1 (1993) 2012 2012:13-14 19932005 1998 1985:169 (6) 6b (6c)
40 Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at Kobe Shoin No. 20, 2017 (6) a. b. c. 1993 V1 VN (6c) 6b 6b (6c) 6b(6c) 6b (2012) (Aktionsart ; (manner of action)) Lexical-aspectL-asp 2012:17-18
41 V1- (V2)- (L-asp) 2 (p. 41) 2: (2012:28) V V L-Asp V1 V2 (4) V L-aspV V () -- (V V L-asp) (5) V V (V L-asp) () -- (V V L-asp) (L-asp) V1 V2 L-asp 2012:44 (49) V1 V2 V1 V2 V2 V1
42 Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at Kobe Shoin No. 20, 2017 3. 2012:51 3: 2012:51 2012:36 4 (p. 43) 19891999 1989:643 (1999:96-97)
43 4: 2012:36 VP... V VP V... V V L-asp V1 V2 (6) = 2005 (7) ; 2005 1999 V1 2012
44 Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at Kobe Shoin No. 20, 2017 (1999:93-95) A) B) C) A B y ips
45 5: () : : () = (1999) 4. (1987:73-74)
46 Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at Kobe Shoin No. 20, 2017 1999:98-101 7 7 (1) (2) (3) BCCWJ-NT (1) 1999:97 1987:74
47 430 6: 405 29 13 6 176 67 1 0 0 0 2 5 15 12 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 (8) ()/ ()/ () 1995 0 (9) 1990
48 Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at Kobe Shoin No. 20, 2017 process (10) ( 2001) (11) 2003 (2) (12) 1992
49 (13) 1990 (14) 1979 (15) 2005 1987 (16) 2012:63SUDDEN START LCS [BECOME [[LCS1] BE AT-SUDDEN START]] SUDDEN STARTLCS 14 15
50 Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at Kobe Shoin No. 20, 2017 14 7 (17) 1983 (18) 1990 (19) 2001 15 26 21 (20) 1988 (21) 1980 22
51 (22) 2001 5 9 (23) 1997 (24) ()/ ()/ ()/ () 2005 (1) (2) (3) (3) 1987 25 26 (25)
52 Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at Kobe Shoin No. 20, 2017 (26) * (1993) (2002) (27) * (28) (29) (2002) V1 delimited (30) a. b. (31) a. b. (32) a. b. (33) a. b. (34) a. * b. (35) a. * b. delimited delimited > > > delimited
la6 701324251067 013242510dbl013242510 53 (. m (36) a.? ). m b. (37) a.?? b.. m (38) a. * b. (39) a. *. dblm b. dbl 013242510 delimited 2002:195 i>68:m98:9 t7e7 8:m98:9 7: : :m 8: 19 -- delimited
54 Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at Kobe Shoin No. 20, 2017 (2012) (40) (41) * 41* imperfective paradoximperfective paradox (2002) (2012:198) imperfective paradox (40 ) A B (41 ) A B A B A B process
55 A B 14 15 (14) 1979 (15) 2005 A B 1 delimited process (42) a. * ECC b. ECC (43) a. * b. (44) a. * b.
56 Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at Kobe Shoin No. 20, 2017 (45) a. * b. (46) a. b. (47) a. b. controllability 43(a)* A B controllability 1993:6 1 958 2
57 (48) 2002 (49) 2002 1995:97 48 49 controllability controllability 5. A B process -delimited V1 controllability
58 Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at Kobe Shoin No. 20, 2017 (2007) 134 pp.416-421. 2002KLS22.pp192-202. 2005KLS25. pp.293-303. (1993) 2. 2002 16. 1993 1999 2013 2013 (1985) II 1987 2013 2 1999 1989 (1995) 98. 2005
59 (Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ)) (https://chunagon.ninjal.ac.jp/) Author s web site: http://www.shoin.ac.jp/ : 2017 1 10