Key Words: liquefaction, ground displacement, case study, experiment, viscosity, pseudoplastic flow D=0. 75VHVB

(o, IuY= mr, m)/(o pr p) Vm/Vp=r m /l1p = 2 /p -1/VA

7) Hamada, M., Sato, H. and Kawakami, T. : A consideration of the mechanizm for liquefaction-relate large ground displacement, Proc., 5th U. S. -Japan Workshop on Earthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline Facilities and Countermeasures against Soil Liquefaction, Technical Report NCEER-94-0026, pp. 217-232, 1994. 8) Bartlet, S. and Youd, T. L. : Empirical prediction of lateral spread displacement, Proc., 4th Japan-US. Workshop on Earthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline Facilities and Countermeasures for Soil Liquefaction, Technical Report NCEER-92-0019, Vol. 1, pp. 351-365, 1992. 9) Hamada, M., Isoyama, R, and Wakamatsu, K. : The 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu (Kobe) earthquake liquefaction ground 13) Yasuda, S., Nagase, H., Kiku, H. and Uchida, Y. : The mechanism and a simplified procedure for the analysis of permanent ground displacement due to liquefaction, Soils and Foundations, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 149-160, 1992. 14) Wilkinson, W. L. and Chen, E.: Non-Newton Fluids, pp. 1-5, Pergamon Press, 1960. 15) Yasuda, S., Masuda, T., Yoshida, N., Nagase, H., Kiku, H., 3) Hamada, M. and O'Rourke, T. D. (Eds. ): Case study of Itafuji. S., Mine, K. and Sato, K.: Torsinal shear and liquefaction and lifeline performance during past triaxial compression tests on deformation characters of earthquake, Vol. 1 Japanese case studies, Technical Report sands before and after liquefaction, Proc., 5th U. S. -Japan 4) NCEER-92-001, 1992. Workshop on Earthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline O'Rourke, T. D. and Hamada, M. (Eds. ): Case study of Facilities and Countermeasures against Soil Liquefaction, liquefaction and lifeline performance during past Technical Report NCEER-94-0026, pp. 249-265, 1994. earthquake, Vol. 2 United States case studies, Technical Report NCEER-92-002, 1992. 5) Hamada, M., Isoyama, R. and Wakamatsu, K. : Liquefactioninduced Ground Displacement and Its Related damage to Lifeline Facilities, Special Issue of Soils and Foundations, Japanese Geotechnical Society, pp. 81-97, 1996. 6) Kawakami, T., Suemasa, N., Hamada, M., Sato, H. and Katada, T. : Experimental study on mechanical properties of liquefied sand, Proc., 5th US-Japan Workshop on Earthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline Facilities and Countermeasures against Soil Liquefaction, Technical Report NCEER-94-0026, pp. 285-299, 1994. A STUDY ON GROUND DISPLACEMENT CAUSED BY SOIL LIQUEFACTION Masanori HAMADA and Kazue WAKAMATSU The authors investigate into the mechanism of the occurrence of the liquefaction-induced ground displacement based on case studies during past earthquakes, tests on the characteristics of liquefied soil and on experiments by model grounds, and present fundamental knowledge in order to estimate the magnitude of the horizontal ground displacements. They propose a semi-empirical and semi-theoretical formula for estimation of horizontal displacements of sloped ground, where gradient of ground surface, thickness and N-values of the liquefied soil are taken into consideration as influential factors to the magnitude of the ground displacements.