25 Examine of the effect higher-order visual information to self-motion sensation 1140294 2014 2 26
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Abstract Examine of the effect higher-order visual information to self-motion sensation Takayuki ANBE Effects of high-level visual information on self-motion perception and visually induced body sway. If we observe a visual pattern moving to one direction as a whole, we often perceive our self-motion to the opposite direction even when our body is actually not moving. This illusion is called visually induced self-motion perception or vection. This illusion is also used for the perception of immersion in the virtual reality environment. Many previous studies of vection used gratings or random dots presented on a vertical surface or random dots scattered in 3D space. The few studies which used floor surface mainly used random dots. From these previous studies, the effects of the change of size on visually induced body sway are unknown. In this study, whether the consistency or inconsistency of retinal size change depending on distance change the postural sway was examined using the motion stimuli simulating the floor surface on which gratings were drawn. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the factors which affect vection and postural sway other than the motion information itself. The result of experiment 1 suggested that the consistency of size cue of depth would not always increase the postural sway than inconsistent size cue. The stimuli in experiment 2 simulated a selfmotion moving forward with laterally changing direction and the results showed that three out of seven participants showed larger mediolateral sway in consistent size cue ii
stimuli than inconsistent size cue. Thus, although the individual difference is large, the postural sway and vection may possibly be large when size cue is consistent to the real world in forward self-motion with laterally changing direction. key words visually-induced self-motion,vection,postural sway iii
1 1 1.1...................................... 1 1.2........................... 1 1.3................................... 2 1.4...................................... 2 2 3 2.1................................... 3 2.2...................................... 5 2.2.1 1................................. 5 2.2.2 2................................. 7 2.3 SSQ............................... 9 2.4.................................... 10 2.5.................................... 11 3 12 3.1....................... 12 3.1.1................................ 12 3.1.2.................................. 13 3.2 (FFT.................... 15 3.2.1................................ 15 3.3.............................. 20 3.3.1................................ 20 3.3.2.................................. 20 iv
4 SSQ 24 4.1...................................... 24 4.2 TotalScore.................................. 25 4.3 Oculumotor............................ 26 4.4 Nausea.............................. 27 4.5 Disorientation...................... 28 5 29 6 31 32 33 v
2.1................................ 4 2.2 Wii.............................. 4 2.3................................... 4 2.4 Bluetooth................................... 4 2.5............................ 5 2.6 1................................ 6 2.7 1................................ 6 2.8.............................. 7 2.9 2................................ 8 2.10 2................................ 8 2.11................................ 11 3.1................................. 14 3.2 FFT.......................... 15 3.3 1.......................... 17 3.4 1.......................... 17 3.5 2.......................... 18 3.6 2.......................... 18 3.7 1................................. 19 3.8 2................................. 19 3.9 1..................... 21 3.10 1..................... 21 3.11 2..................... 22 3.12 2..................... 22 vi
3.13 1........................... 23 3.14 2........................... 23 4.1 SSQ............................. 25 4.2 SSQ Oculumotor............................... 26 4.3 SSQ Nausea.................................. 27 4.4 SSQ Disorientation.............................. 28 5.1................................. 30 vii
2.1 SSQ................................ 10 3.1 1....................... 13 3.2 2....................... 14 3.3 1......................... 17 3.4 2......................... 18 3.5 1..................... 21 3.6 2..................... 22 viii
1 1.1,.,,.,,,. 1.2,,.,,. 1
1.3 1.3... [1]. 1.4,3 [2], [3]..,,. 2
2 2.1 (BenQ 1080ST :1920 1080)( 2.1) 100 ( RS-100V)( 2.3). Wii ( )( 2.2). Wii [6],. Wii PC Bluetooth 3.0 USB BT-Micro3E1X( 2.4). Matlab (WiiLAB) PC [4][5]., MATLAB Psychtoolbox [6][7]. 3
2.1 2.1 2.2 Wii 2.3 2.4 Bluetooth 4
2.2 2.2 2.2.1 1 1, ( 2.5).,,.. 0.2Hz, 1m/s., ( ).. 2.6,2.7. 2.5 5
2.2 2.6 1 2.7 1 6
2.2 2.2.2 2 2 ( 2.8).,,.. 0.2Hz, 1m/s., ( ).. 2.9,2.10. 2.8 7
2.2 2.9 2 2.10 2 8
2.3 SSQ 2.3 SSQ 1, 2 Kennedy, 16 Simulator Sickness Questionnaire(SSQ) [8][9]. 16 0 3 4.SSQ,TotalScore( ),Nausea( ),Oculumotor( ),Disorientation( ).. N Nausea,O Oculumotor,D Disorientation. 2.1. 9
2.4 2.1 SSQ (N,O) (O) (O) (O) (O,D) (N) (N) (N,D) (N,O) (D) (D) (D) (D) (N) (N) 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 2.4 20 7 ( 5, 2 ).. 10
2.5 2.5 SSQ, Wii,.. 1.2m Wii.,., 75Hz. 90,. SSQ,5. 1 2 4. 2.11. 2.11 11
3 3.1 3.1.1,,t., (X) (Y). N, ( ) T, (3.1),(3.2). X[n] = Xm[n] Xme (3.1) Y [n] = Y m[n] Y me (3.2) Xm[n],Ym[n],Xme Xm[n],Yme Ym[n]. (AREA). (AREA) (3.3). AREA = 1 2T N 1 n=1 Y [n + 1] X[n] Y [n] X[n + 1] (3.3) 12
3.1 3.1.2,. 3.1,3.2, 3.1.t,,. 3.1 1 (mm 2 ) (mm 2 ) 1 33.54 32.51 2 76.9 101.73 3 73.57 84.96 4 52.65 52.39 5 53.02 45.29 6 72.63 61.48 7 61.26 43.54 13
3.1 3.2 2 (mm 2 ) (mm 2 ) 1 50.42 54.66 2 57.93 66.99 3 53.6 50.69 4 37.49 30.14 5 79.7 62.11 6 78.97 67 7 54.66 48.11 3.1 14
3.2 (FFT 3.2 (FFT 3.2.1, FFT,. MATLAB.FFT 3.2. 3.2, 0.2Hz. 3.2 FFT 15
3.2 (FFT 015Hz 0.25Hz. 3.3, 3.4. 3.3 3.6, 3.7,3.8., 1 (F (1,6)=13.39, p=0.011)., (F (1,6)=6.004, p=0.049). 2 (F (1,6)=0.814, p=0.402), (F (1,6)=0.239, p=0.643). 16
3.2 (FFT 3.3 1 (power) (power) 1 326.56 273.14 224.34 308.40 2 713.01 707.54 632.79 1320.91 3 486.59 657.81 497.26 674.33 4 319.29 410.49 412.57 701.15 5 373.22 534.08 307.84 711.39 6 346.47 640.56 426.61 1085.51 7 388.52 542.45 519.89 498.43 3.3 1 3.4 1 17
3.2 (FFT 3.4 2 (power) (power) 1 325.52 631.27 592.75 358.76 2 960.51 419.52 474.70 634.33 3 785.30 453.12 408.49 375.10 4 290.46 209.81 286.19 380.43 5 791.26 467.85 461.41 375.93 6 456.42 589.51 616.36 510.17 7 335.96 532.36 356.03 742.71 3.5 2 3.6 2 18
3.2 (FFT 3.7 1 3.8 2 19
3.3 3.3 3.3.1 (MSx), (MSy) (3.4),(3.5). MSx = 1 T MSy = 1 T N 1 n=1 N 1 n=1 X[n + 1] X[n] (3.4) Y [n + 1] Y [n] (3.5) 3.3.2 3.5,3.6, 3.9 3.14. 1, 2.,. 20
3.3 3.5 1 (cm/s) (cm/s) 1 1.81 1.19 1.85 1.29 2 2.14 1.55 2.15 1.47 3 2.39 1.49 2.36 1.52 4 1.68 1.17 1.63 1.02 5 1.80 1.42 1.84 1.56 6 2.35 1.44 2.20 1.33 7 1.37 0.94 1.34 0.96 3.9 1 3.10 1 21
3.3 3.6 2 (cm/s) (cm/s) 1 1.90 1.23 2.10 1.33 2 2.10 1.36 2.11 1.46 3 2.30 1.58 2.38 1.52 4 1.63 0.99 1.57 0.99 5 2.01 1.31 1.89 1.27 6 2.27 1.41 2.23 1.34 7 1.26 1.01 1.33 0.99 3.11 2 3.12 2 22
3.3 3.13 1 3.14 2 23
4 SSQ 4.1 SSQ TotalScore,Oculomotor( ),Nausea( ),Disorientation(, ).TotlaScore 16 3.74.Oculumotor O, 7.58 OculumotorScore.Nausea N, 9.54 NauseaScore.Disorientation,D, 13.92 DisorientaionScore. 24
4.2 TotalScore 4.2 TotalScore TotalScore TotalScore,, 4.1. 1, 2,, 1, 2. 4.1 SSQ 25
4.3 Oculumotor 4.3 Oculumotor TotalScore TotalScore,, (4.2)., 1, 2.TotalScore. 4.2 SSQ Oculumotor 26
4.4 Nausea 4.4 Nausea Nausea Nausea,, 4.3.,.2,. 4.3 SSQ Nausea 27
4.5 Disorientation 4.5 Disorientation Disorientation Disorientation,, 4.4.,. 2. 4.4 SSQ Disorientation 28
5,.,.FFT,. FFT,., 1,....,, ( 5.1).,.,,,. 2,,.,,2., 29
. 7 3,,.,.,. Wii. SSQ TotalScore,Oculumotor( ),Nausea( ),Disorientation( ).,Nause 1, 2 TotalScore Oculumotor,Disorientation.. 5.1 30
6,. 1,,..,. 2. 7 3,,. 31
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