2017 c 4 C++ (4) C++, 41, 42, 1, 43,, 44 45, 41 (inheritance),, C++,, 100, 50, PCMCIA,,,,,,,,, 42 1 421 ( ), car 1 [List 41] 1: class car { 2: private: 3: std::string m model; // 4: std::string m maker; // 5: int m displacement; // 6: int m ps; // 7: int m weight; // 8: public: 9: [List 42] 10: }; 4 1
[List 41], m g, ++,,!? 2, [List 42] 1: car() {} 2: 3: car(const std::string& md, const std::string& mk, int dp, int p, int w): 4: m model(md), m maker(mk), m displacement(dp), m ps(p), m weight(w) {} 5: 6: car() {} 7: 8: std::string model() const {return m model;} // 9: 10: int no() const { // 3 5 11: if (m displacement<2000) return 5; 12: else return 3; 13: } 14: 15: double pwratio() const { // 16: return (double) m weight/(double) m ps; 17: } 18: 19: int tax() const { // 20: if (m displacement<=1000) return 29500; 21: else if (m displacement<=1500) return 34500; 22: else if (m displacement<=2000) return 39500; 23: else if (m displacement<=2500) return 45000; 24: else if (m displacement<=3000) return 51000; 25: else if (m displacement<=3500) return 58000; 26: else if (m displacement<=4000) return 66500; 27: else if (m displacement<=4500) return 76500; 28: else if (m displacement<=6000) return 88000; 29: else return 110000; 30: } 3 4 2
[List 43] 1: int main(void) { 2: 3: car a = car("skyline", "Nissan", 3498, 272, 1500); 4: car b = car("civic", "Honda", 1998, 215, 1190); 5: 6: std::cout << amodel() << " " 7: << ano() << " " 8: << apwratio() << " " 9: << atax() << std::endl; 10: 11: std::cout << bmodel() << " " 12: << bno() << " " 13: << bpwratio() << " " 14: << btax() << std::endl; 15: 16: return 0; 17: }, Skyline 3 551471 58000 Civic 5 553488 39500 422 ( ) car, hybrid car car, 1 int m motor ps 2 pwratio() ( ) 3 tax() ( ) 3, car, 1, car class hybrid car class hybrid car : car, hybrid car car, (base class), (derived class), car hybrid car, (superclass), (subclass) [List 44] 1: class hybrid car : public car { // public 2: private: 3: int m motor ps; 4: public: 5: [List 45] 6: }; 4 3
2, [List 44], m motor ps, car 5 m motor ps 1 public, car public, private, 3,, ( overwrite ( ) ) [List 45] 1: hybrid car() {} 2: 3: hybrid car(const std::string& md, const std::string& mk, 4: int dp, int p, int w, int mps): 5: car(md,mk,dp,p,w), m motor ps(mps) {} 6: 7: hybrid car() {} 8: 9: double pwratio() const { // 10: return (double) m weight/(double)(m ps+m motor ps); 11: } 12: 13: int tax() const {return 0;} // ( ) 4 car 1 ( ), private, ( public ), (, ), private protected [List 46] 1: class car { 2: protected: 3: std::string m model; // 4: std::string m maker; // 5: int m displacement; // 6: int m ps; // 7: int m weight; // 8: public: 9: [List 42] 10: } 5 [List 43] 4 4
[List 47] 1: int main(void) { 2: 3: car a = car("skyline", "Nissan", 3498, 272, 1500); 4: car b = car("civic", "Honda", 1998, 215, 1190); 5: hybrid car h = hybrid car("prius", "Toyota", 1496, 77, 1290, 68); 6: 7: std::cout << amodel() << " " 8: << ano() << " " 9: << apwratio() << " " 10: << atax() << std::endl; 11: 12: std::cout << bmodel() << " " 13: << bno() << " " 14: << bpwratio() << " " 15: << btax() << std::endl; 16: 17: std::cout << hmodel() << " " 18: << hno() << " " 19: << hpwratio() << " " 20: << htax() << std::endl; 21: 22: return 0; 23: }, Skyline 3 551471 58000 Civic 5 553488 39500 Prius 5 889655 0 41 [List 44] [List 47], [List 41] [List 43] 423, hybrid car tax(),, int tax() const {return car tax() /2;}, car tax(), C++ car::tax() 42 hybrid car tax(), 424 /,, 4 5
[List 45] 1 hybrid car,, hybrid car [List 45] 2,,, 43 car, hybrid car,, [List 47],, [List 47] hybrid car, 43 2 C++, stack ( ) stack 3 ( ) stack ac, int n push(), void push() int n pop(), void pop() stack ac stack, push int count (, pop count ),, private void push(int), stack void push(int), push count 1 int n push(), push count void pop(),,sp push count (, sp stack sp private protected, sp, size(), ),, / 44 stack ac, stack, main(void) stack ac stack, stack 1,, stack,, STL, vector, [] 7 ( 1 C++ [ 3 ] p 86;, template ) 4 6
44 3,,,,,,, 441 4 (canvas), (point), (rectangle), (diamond) (main) [List 48] 1: #include <iostream> 2: inline int abs(int x) {return 0<=x? x : -x;} 3: // 4: 5: [canvas ] 6: [point ] 7: [rectangle ] 8: [diamond ] 9: 10: [main ] g++, abs(int), include, abs(int), 2 canvas 2 (, X ) [List 49] 1: class canvas { 2: public: 3: canvas(int sx, int sy); // sx sy 4: canvas(); // 5: void clear(); // 6: void set(int x, int y); // (x,y) 7: void print(std::ostream &os); // 8: private: 9: int size x; // ( ) 10: int size y; // ( ) 11: char **p; // 2 12: canvas(const canvas&); // 13: canvas& operator=(const canvas&); // 14: }; 4 7
<<, 15: std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, canvas& c) {cprint(os);} canvas(int, int) size x, size y, new [List 410] 1: canvas::canvas(int sx, int sy): size x(sx), size y(sy) { 2: p = new char*[size x]; 3: for (int x=0; x<size x; x++) p[x] = new char[size y]; 4: this->clear(); // canvas::clear() 5: } canvas(), [List 411] 1: canvas:: canvas() { 2: for (int x=0; x<size x; x++) delete [] p[x]; 3: delete [] p; 4: } canvas::clear() [List 412] 1: void canvas::clear() { 2: for (int x=0; x<size x; x++) { 3: for (int y=0; y<size y; y++) { 4: p[x][y] = ; 5: } 6: } 7: } canvas::set(int, int) X, [List 413] 1: void canvas::set(int x, int y) { 2: if (0<=x && x<size x && 0<=y && y<size y) p[x][y] = X ; 3: } canvas::print(std::ostream&) (0,0) 4 8
[List 414] 1: void canvas::print(std::ostream& os) { 2: os << + ; 3: for (int x=0; x<size x; x++) {os << - ;} 4: os << + << std::endl; 5: for (int y=size y-1; 0<=y; y--) { 6: os << ; 7: for (int x=0; x<size x; x++) { 8: os << p[x][y]; 9: } 10: os << << std::endl; 11: } 12: os << + ; 13: for (int x=0; x<size x; x++) {os << - ;} 14: os << + << std::endl; 15: } point 1 [List 415] 1: class point { 2: private: 3: int px, py; // 4: public: 5: point(int x, int y); // (x,y) 6: point(); 7: void move(int ix, int iy); // x ix, y iy 8: void draw(canvas &c); // c 9: }; [List 416] 1: point::point(int x, int y) : px(x), py(y) {} 2: point:: point() {} 3: void point::move(int ix, int iy) {px += ix; py += iy;} 4: void point::draw(canvas &c) {cset(px,py);} rectangle 4 9
[List 417] 1: class rectangle { 2: private: 3: int px, py; 4: int width, height; // 5: public: 6: rectangle(int x, int y, int w, int h); 7: // (x,y), w, h 8: rectangle(); 9: void move(int ix, int iy); // x ix, y iy 10: void draw(canvas &c); // c 11: }; 45 diamond [List 418] 1: class diamond { 2: private: 3: int px, py; 4: int radius; // ( ) 5: public: 6: diamond(int x, int y, int r); 7: diamond(); 8: void move(int ix, int iy); 9: void draw(canvas &c); 10: }; [List 419] 1: diamond::diamond(int x, int y, int r) : px(x), py(y), radius(r) {} 2: diamond:: diamond() {} 3: void diamond::move(int ix, int iy) {px += ix; py += iy;} 4: void diamond::draw(canvas &c) { 5: if (0<=radius) { 6: for (int r=-radius; r<=radius; r++) { 7: int h = radius - abs(r); 8: for (int s=-h; s<=h; s++) { 9: cset(px+r,py+s); 10: } 11: } 12: } 13: } 4 10
1 3 2 2 (3 9 ) 2 c, (11 19 ) 3,, (4,2) (21 27 ) 4 c,,, (29 37 ) [List 420] 1: int main(void) { 2: 3: point p1(0,0); 4: point p2(17,9); 5: point p3(19,2); 6: rectangle r1(2,1,3,2); 7: rectangle r2(7,7,6,2); 8: diamond d1(2,7,2); 9: diamond d2(15,3,4); 10: 11: canvas c(20,10); 12: p1draw(c); 13: p2draw(c); 14: p3draw(c); 15: r1draw(c); 16: r2draw(c); 17: d1draw(c); 18: d2draw(c); 19: std::cout << c; 20: 21: p1move(4,2); 22: p2move(4,2); 23: p3move(4,2); 24: r1move(4,2); 25: r2move(4,2); 26: d1move(4,2); 27: d2move(4,2); 28: 29: cclear(); 30: p1draw(c); 31: p2draw(c); 32: p3draw(c); 33: r1draw(c); 34: r2draw(c); 35: d1draw(c); 36: d2draw(c); 37: std::cout << c; 38: 39: return 0; 40: }, 4 11
+--------------------+ X X XXX XXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX X XXX XXX X XXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX X XXX +--------------------+ +--------------------+ XXXXX XXXXXX X XXX XX X XXX XXXX XXXXX XXX XXXX XXX XXX X XX X +--------------------+ 45 [List 48] [List 420] rectangle point diamond 442, (1) (, ), draw(canvas &c),move(int,int), (2) move,?, px, py,,,,,, int a[7] a, a[0]=3;, a[1] = "Nagisa"; ( ), C++, rectangle *a[7], a[1] = new diamond(2,7,2); cast ( ),,, 443, obj 4 12
1 point, rectangle, diamond obj, 3, 2 point, rectangle, diamond obj 3 (a),,, (, ), point, rectangle, diamond, obj, 3 (b), move obj,, point, rectangle, diamond, obj, obj obj, px, py,, type, "point", "rectangle", "diamond", obj, move(int,int), draw(canvas&) obj [List 421] 1: class obj { 2: public: 3: obj(int x, int y, const std::string& t); // 4: obj(); // 5: void move(int ix, int iy); 6: void draw(canvas &c); 7: public: 8: int px, py; 9: std::string type; // "point", "rectangle", "diamond" 10: }; obj [List 422] 1: obj::obj(int x, int y, const std::string& t) : px(x), py(y), type(t) {} 2: obj:: obj() {} 3: void obj::move(int ix, int iy) {px += ix; py += iy;} draw(canvas&), obj 4 13
point, rectangle, diamond point obj obj, [List 423] 1: class point : public obj { //obj 2: public: 3: point(int x, int y); // 4: point(); // 5: void draw(canvas &c); // 6: }; point [List 424] 1: point::point(int x, int y) : obj(x, y, "point") {} 2: point:: point() {} 3: void point::draw(canvas &c) {cset(px,py);} 46 rectangle, diamond, 444, main, vector [List 425] 1: int main(void) { 2: std::vector<obj*> vec; 3: 4: // 5: vecpush back(new point(0,0)); 6: vecpush back(new point(17,9)); 7: vecpush back(new point(19,2)); 8: vecpush back(new rectangle(2,1,3,2)); 9: vecpush back(new rectangle(7,7,6,2)); 10: vecpush back(new diamond(2,7,2)); 11: vecpush back(new diamond(15,3,4)); 12: 13: canvas c(20,10); 14: // 15: for (int i=0; i<vecsize(); i++) vec[i]->draw(c); 16: std::cout << c; 17: 18: // 19: for (int i=0; i<vecsize(); i++) vec[i]->move(4,2); 20: 4 14
21: cclear(); 22: // 23: for (int i=0; i<vecsize(); i++) vec[i]->draw(c); 24: std::cout << c; 25: 26: // delete 27: for (int i=0; i<vecsize(); i++) delete vec[i]; 28: return 0; 29: }, main! 15 23 draw, vec[i] point point::draw(canvas&)), rectangle rectangle::draw(canvas&),, vec[i]->draw(c) obj::draw(canvas&)!, draw, ( ) (, vec[i] point rectangle, ), vec[i] obj, vec[i]->draw(c) obj::draw(canvas&) 47 [List 420] [List 425],, vec[i] draw main 15 23, [List 426] 1: for (int i=0; i<vecsize(); i++) { 2: if (vec[i]->type == "point") ((point*) vec[i])->draw(c); 3: else if (vec[i]->type == "rectangle") ((rectangle*) vec[i])->draw(c); 4: else if (vec[i]->type == "diamond") ((diamond*) vec[i])->draw(c); 5: } vec[i] obj, point,, vec[i]->idraw point::draw vec[i] point, (pont*) vec[i], string, 48 main 15 23, 4 15
45 451 draw(canvas&),, vec[i] vec[i]->draw(c), [List 425] C++ obj::draw(canvas&), [List 427] 1: point p(1,3); 2: rectangle r(2,1,3,2); 3: diamond d(7,7,6,2); 4: 5: obj* x; 6: canvas c(20,10); 7: 8: x = &p; x->draw(c); 9: x = &r; x->draw(c); 10: x = &d; x->draw(c);, x obj, x->draw(c), 8 point::draw(canvas&) 9 rectanble::draw(canvas&) 10 diamond::draw(canvas&) obj::draw, obj draw(canvas&) virtual (9 ) [List 428] 1: class obj { 2: public: 3: obj(int x, int y, const std::string& t); 4: obj(); 5: void move(int ix, int iy); 6: virtual void draw(canvas &c) = 0; 7: public: 8: int px, py; 9: std::string type; 10: }; obj draw(canvas&), = 0 draw(canvas&), obj ( ) 452, 4 16
[List 429] 1: class obj { 2: public: 3: obj(int x, int y, const std::string& t); 4: virtual obj(); 5: void move(int ix, int iy); 6: virtual void draw(canvas &c) = 0; 7: public: 8: int px, py; 9: std::string type; 10: }; [List 425] delete vec[i], vec[i] vec[i] point point, obj(), obj() obj(),, point(), obj() point(), (chaining), point() obj() 49 obj::draw(canvas&) obj:: obj(), [List 425] main, ( ) dynamic dispatch, ( ) dynamic dispatch, C++,, dynamic dispatch C C++,, Nagisa ISHIURA 4 17