MEMOIRS OF SHONAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Vol. 38, No. 1, 2004 195b9 199d8 1 * False Belief and Recognition of a Object An Interpretation of the Aviary Model : Plato s Theaetetus: 195b9 199d8 Satsuki TASAKA* The problem of how it is possible for anyone to have false beliefs is introduced in the second part of the Theaetetus. The discussion on the false belief is divided into five sections. In this paper only the last section is discussed. Plato makes the last attempt to solve the problem with the Aviary Model here, but again he turns to be unsuccessful as well as in the previous four sections. The major task of this paper is to discuss what Plato s problem of the false belief is, and how this problem relates to the main topic What is knowledge?. Plato explains that man has a false belief when he recognizes an object with an expression which should not apply to the thing. (187b4 201c7) (195b9 199d8) (tò yeudh` doxá zein ) I (187d7 e4) 2 (ei dénai) 3 4 * 15 10 21 (200c8 d4) 5 2 2 95
38 1 2 II (197c1 199d8) (188a1 c8, 188c9 189b9, 189b10 190e4) A, B A B A, B A B A B A B A B A B A A B B 2 6 (190e5 196c9, 196d1 199d8, 199e1 200d4) 2 3 3 (195c6 e7) (195e8 196b7) 5 7 5 7 12 11 (196b8 199c7) (199c7 d8) 96
(199e1 6) (199e7 200c7) (200c8 d4) III 1. (195b9 196d2) 2. (kekth sqai) (e cein) (196d2 199a3) (196d2 198a4) (198a4 b7) 198b8 199a3) 3. (199a4 199c7) 4. (199c7 199d8) 1 3 1 (195b9 196d2) 5 7 11 (11) (12) (196b8 9) (cf. 188b3 6) 7 (196c7 8) 2 (196d2 198a4) 8 (196d2 197e7) (196d2 e7) (196e8 197a6) (197a8 d7) (197b9 11) (197c1 d4) (197d5 e1) 9 (197e2 7) (198a1 4) (198a4 b7) 10 (a riqmhtikh ) (198a6 b5) (198b5 6) 97
38 1 1 (198b8 199a3) (198c1 6) (198c7 10) (198e2 5) 11 3 (199a4 199c7) (199b1 2) 11 12 11 12 (199b5) IV 12 12 5 7 12 98
12 5 7 12 5 7 11 12 11 5 7 5 712 12 5 7 12 5 7 12 5 7 11 5 7 11 11 12 12 5 7 5 7 12 12 (cf. 199a1 2) 12 5 7 12 12 5 7 12 12 5 7 12 5 7 (198c1 2) (cf. 198c7) 12 5 7 5 7 12 1 12 5 7 12 12 5 7 5 7 5 7 1 99
38 1 1 12 12 5 7 12 3º 2 5 7 12 11 12 5 7 5 7 11 5 7 5 7 12 12 11 5 7 11 12 5 7 13 12 5 7 14 11 12 11 12 11 (11) (12) 11 12 11 12 15 11 12 16 11 12 11 12 11 12 12 11 17 18 1 100
?? 1??? V 4 (199c7 199d8) (199c5 6) (199c10 11) (199c7 8) (a gnoein) (199d1 2) 11 12 11 12 11 19 (187e5 188c9) A B 2 11 12 11 12 5 7 11 11 101
38 1 11 11 11 11 12 5 7 11 11 12 11 12 2 11 11 11 5 7 20 (199d4 5) (199d5 6) (199e1 6) VI 5 7 12 2 3 12 12 11 11 5 7 12 5 7 (12) 102
5 7 12 11 5 7 11 12 1. 195b9 199d8 32 1989 1 21 2. (197a8 e6) (e pístasqai) cf. Lewis Campbell, The Theaetetus of Plato, Oxford, 1861, p. 173. n. 2; F. M. Cornford, Plato s Theory of Knowledge, London, 1935, p. 131. n. 1. 3. (ei dénai) 188a1 c4, 192a1 d1 ei dénai gignẃskein 191b3, 4; 193a1, 8, 9, b1, 5, 6, 10 etc. e pítasqai 197a7; 198e7 199a3, 199c5 etc. ei dénai cf. 191a8 b9; 192d1 193d4; 196c4 8, 199a4 c7. 103
38 1 M. F. Burnyeat, Aristotle on Understanding Knowledge, Aristotle on Science: The Posterior Analytics, (ed. by E. Berti) Padua: Anteuere, 1981, pp. 97 139, esp. pp. 103 104, 133 136 e idénai 3 2 1974, pp. 384 366e pítasqai (a gnoein) (yeudh` V do xa) 4. cf. ibid., pp. 111 114.; John McDowell [1], Plato Theaetetus, Oxford, 1973, pp. 194 198; John McDowell [2], Identity Mistakes: Plato and the Logical Atomists, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, N.S. 70 (1969 70), pp. 181 196, esp. pp. 182 189; F. A. Lewis, Two Paradoxes in the Theaetetus, Patterns in Plato s Thought (ed. by J. M. E. Moravsik) Dordrecht, Holland, 1973, pp. 123 149, esp. pp. 128ff.; Gail Fine, False Belief in the Theaetetus, Phronesis 24 (1979), pp. 70 80, esp. pp. 70 72. (184b4 187a8) 1 184b4 187a8 XLVI 22 32 5. John Ackrill, Plato on False Belief: Theaetetus 187 200, Monist 50 (1966) pp. 383 402 M. M. MacCabe, Plato s Individuals, Princeton (1994) pp. 156 157. E. Pirocacos, False Belief and the Meno Paradox, Ashgate: Avebury Series in Philosophy (1998) pp. 108 113.; Lloyd P. Gerson, Knowing Person: A Study in Plato, Oxford, 2003, pp. 214 226. 6. 7. (188a1 c8) cf. McDowell [2], pp. 195 196., Fine, op. cit. pp. 70 72, 79 n. 6., M. F. Burnyeat, the Theaetetus of Plato, Cambridge (1990) pp. 70 77. 8. (e cein) 198b5 (e conta) (t ` kekth qai) 197c4 5 197d4 197c4 5 (cf. 197c7 d3, 199a6 8) (labei n) (cf. 198d1 8) 9. cf. Cornford, op. cit., pp. 137 138, cf. McDowell [1], pp. 215 219, 209 210, 221 223. Cf. D. Bostock, Plato s THEAETETUS, Oxford, 1988, pp. 190 191. (alethes doxa) 208c6 209d3 47 1996 187 196 10. (e pístasqai) (ei dénai) 3 11. (7) 12. cf. Cornford, op. cit., pp. 130, 137 8.; McDowell [2], p. 216, pp. 223 225; Frank A. Lewis Foul Play in Plato s Aviary: Theaetetus 195Bff., Exegesis and Arguments, Studies in w 104
Greek Philosophy presented to Gregory Vlastos, (ed. by E. N. Lee, A. P. D. Mourelatos, R. M. Rorty.), Phronesis, supp. vol. I. 1973, pp. 262 284, esp. pp. 263 269. 13. 5 7 12 5 7 5 7 12 11 12 5 7 11 14. Cf. Lewis, op. cit., pp. 270 283, esp. pp. 276 281. 15. (199b3 4) ibid., p. 267, n. 7. 16. cf. McDowell [2], pp. 224 225. 17. cf. 189b10 190e4. 18. cf. Lewis, op. cit., pp. 264 6, esp. p. 265, n. 5. 19. cf. Campbell, op, cit., p. 180, n. 18; Cornford, op. cit., p. 137; McDowell [2], pp. 90 91, 223 225; Lewis, op. cit., pp. 274 5, 281 283. 20. cf. Cornford, op. cit., pp. 136 137; McDowell [2], pp. 223 225; Lewis, op. cit., pp. 274 5. 12 11 11 11 5 7 IV 12 105