No.432008pp.55 65 The Regional Differences in Lifestyle on Villagers of Wakhi Living around the Pamir Yasuhiro OCHIAI Received September 30, 2007 In this paper, the actual situation of Wakhi people living in three areas as Gojal, Ishkoman and Taxkurgan located in Pamir are compared for considering the differences of factors and problems on lifestyle and developments. In case of Gojal Northern Areas of Pakistan, commercialization of the agriculture by the expansion of the potato and development of tourisms are remarkable. The lifestyle of the villagers has been shifted to consumption economy, because of the gaining a lot of income. This situation of Passu owing to the advantageous conditions such as easy access from Central Pakistan and others by Karakoram Highway which is the trunk road going through the village, abundant in tourist attractions of mountains, and progress of development assistances by the NGOs. In case of Ishkoman, the village deviates from the trunk roads in Northern Areas of Pakistan, and is insufficient for infrastructures. Therefore introduction and expansion of the salable farm product is difficult in the agriculture, and a form of the traditional agriculture that the cultivation of the self-sufficient crops still play key roles stays conspicuously now. In addition, as industries except agriculture are undeveloped, there are few opportunities for jobs to gain cash income in the village. Nowadays, when the influence of the consumption economy has been increased, the inconvenience in the lifestyle is also increasing. In case of Taxkurgan China, There is little possibility of tourism and administration of voluntary organization, because of the conditions of politics and the economy are different from Northern areas of Pakistan, although the villages are located along the trunk road. In other words, as Gojal area is blessed with dominant conditions, and as the conditions attract people's attention, development of this area is able to progress more. However, it is filled with the crisis for the loss of tradition in the local lifestyle therefore careful correspondence is demanded from new development. Keywords : The Pamir, Wakhi, Lifestyle, Regional differences 1 Wakhi Wakhan 4 Gojal NGO 19992000200120032004 : 156 8550 325 40 Department of Geography, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University: 32540 Sakurajosui Setagaya ku, Tokyo, 1568550 Japan 55 55
KKH Ishkoman 2 Aga Khan 4 1957 jamaat khana 2002 NGO AKRSP AKES NGO 1 1980 1990 10 4 3000 m 1999 NGO 56 56
3 3-1 1 Hunza 1974 Burusho 26 17,000 2005 8 2500 m 112 872 2006 1 KKH KKH 1978 160 km 4 1986 1987 1 Figure 1Northern Areas of Pakistan 57 57
1992 2004 7000 m 1 Shimshal 2006 7 2 8 1980 3-2 1972 Karambar 8 1 Bilhantz 155 1,337 2003 2 2500 m 1976 130 km 5 6 km 1998 2004 3 1 1 Photo 1 Passu Village in Gojal 2 Photo 2 Bilhanz Village in Ishkoman 58 58
3 4 6 2 KKH 3-3 2 2 Figure 2Taxkurgan-Tajik Autonomous Prefecture of China and the Northern Areas of Pakistan 59 59
3 KKH Photo 3 Karakoram Highway in Northern Areas of Pakistan KKH KKH 2006 KKH 4700 m 3 4 30 km 5 5 3000 m 4 KKH Photo 4 Karakoram Highway in Taxkurgan-Tajik Autonomous Prefecture of Chaina 7546 m 1994 2002 KKH 6 7 5 Photo 5 Farmland in Tagarmi 60 60
6 Photo 6 Wakhi in ChinaTaxkurgan 4 4-1 NGO NGO Aga Khan NGO AKRSPAga Khan Rural Support Programme 5 VOVillage OrganizationWO Women's Organization AKRSP1998 VOWO VO AKRSP VOWO 2002 Alkhasrow Organization 7 Photo 7 Wakhi in PakistanBilhanz Aga Khan AKESAga Khan Education ServiceDJ Alkhasrow OrganizationDJ 2004 61 8 2 DJ 1 3 6 100 PDOPassu Development Organization 1999 PDO 17 7 2 6 Family 6 8 3 NGO 1 PDO 61 61
1PDO Table 1The main Projects of Development Coordinated by PDO 1 2002 BaturaYashpirt 2 2003 Yashbandan Hath Hath 3 2003 Janabad 4 2003 Hunza 5 2004 Hunza 6 2004 Hath Hath 7 2005 Janabad 8 2006 Janabad 1 2 3 6 2 6 5 Hath HathHath 2000 2002 Hath Hath NGO KKH 4-2 2 A B A B A 3 B 1980 B A B A 8 62 62
2 Table 2The Family Budget of Inhabitants in Village of Bilhanz and Passu A2004 B2006 45 12 29 4 10 4 14 1 10 2 3 95 30 8 12 5 6 1 5 10,000 Rs 30,000 Rs 6,000 Rs 8,000 Rs 2 6,500 Rs 40,000 Rs 22,000 Rs 38,000 Rs 400 kg 240 kg 1300 kg 80 kg 15,000 Rs 10,000 Rs 1,500 Rs 4,200 Rs 720 Rs 8,000 Rs 3,000 Rs 9,000 Rs B B B A B A B B A B 8 C 78 7 40 NGO 63 63
64 64 5 7000 m KKH KKH NGO 6 KKH NGO
2006 2007 2007 8 17000 m Batura 7785 mshispare7611 mpassupassu 7478 m 6000 m Tupopdan6106 m 2 310 km Imit 4 5 1982 6 DJ 50 Rs DJ 146 Rs 2004 7 17 1. Village Organization2. Womem's Organization3. Passu Reform Pannel4. Volunteer Male5. Volunteer Female6. Passu Student Association7. Village Education Committee8. Passu Sport Board9. Passu Environment Committee10. Passu Cultural Committee11. Arbitation Board12. BIBI Circle13. Local CouncilIsmaili 1. Ismaili Mukhi Passu2. Ismaili Mukhi Yashbandan3. Village Chief4. Union Council 1999 40252 64 2000 411231 43 2001 42 22738. 2003 3819 27 2004 113 2 312 329 2002 1990 31 254 61. 2002 184 Aga Khan Rural Support Programme1998Fifteenth Annual Review, Aga Khan Rural Support Programme 65 65