"Moir6 Patterns on Video Pictures Taken by Solid State Image Sensors" by Okio Yoshida and Akito Iwamoto (Toshiba Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki)
Reproduced resolution chart image taken by 2/3" interline transfer CCD with 500 V ~ 400 H pixels. Radial line chart image taken by interline transfer CCD with 500 V ~ 400 H pixels. (above) standard raster size image, (below) enlarged photo. Radial line chart image taken by frame transfer CCD with 512 V ~ 340 H pixels. (above) standard raster size image, (below) enlarged photo.
Calculated Moire patterns formed between radial line chart and vertical lines. Rectangular lattice solid state image sensor with Nh horizontal pixels and Nv vertical pixels.
Calculated Moire patterns for radial line chart. (Pixel numbers are 500 V ~ 400 H. The radial line chart has 108 TV lines pattern at vertical raster edge.) Relation between test charts and their Moire pattens. (Solid state image sensor with Nv ~ Nh pixels)
MTFs determined by CCD apertures. (Ph : horizontal pixel pitch, Pb : vertical pixel pitch, ah : horizontal aperture ratio, a, : vertical aperture ratio, ƒðh: horizontal shoulder length ratio, ƒðv : vertical shoulder length ratio, ƒìn, =1/ 2Ph, ƒån =1/ 2Pv Nyquist frequencies.)
Correspondences between CCD's MTFs and Moire pattern's central positions.
2) J. O. Drewery : "The Zone Plate as a Television Test Pattern", SMPTE. J., 88, 11, pp. 763-770 (Nov., 1979) 4) A. Furukawa, et al : "An Interline Transfer CCD for Single Sensor 2/3" Color Camera", IEEE IEDM Tech. Dig., 13.6, pp. 346-349 (Dec., 1980) 9) A. Iwamoto : "Two-Dimensional Imaging Properties of Shadow Masks for Color Television Tubes", IEEE Trans., ED-29, 5, pp. 884-889 (May, 1982) 10) G. Oster, et al : "Theoretical Interpretation of Moire Patterns", J. Opt. Soc. Am., 54, 2, pp. 169-175 (Feb., 1964) 11) G. Oster and Y. Nishijima : "Moire Patterns", Scientific American, 208, 5, pp. 54-63 (May, 1963) Calculated Moire patterns for hyperbolic zone plate chart. (Pixel numbers are 500 V x 400 H. The chart has 450 TV lines pattern at vertical raster edge)
Calculated Moire patterns for circular zone plate chart. (Pixel numbers are 500 V ~ 400 H. The chart has 450 TV lines pattern at ventical raster edge)
Abstrats Moire Patterns on Video Pictures Taken by Solid State Image Sensors by Okio Yoshida and Akito Iwamoto Moire effects caused by optical interference between regularly arrayed solid state image sensor pixels and test chart geometrical patterns were investigated. Moire patterns were found to occur as anchor patterns, hyperbolic patterns and circular patterns for a radial line chart, a hyperbolic zone plate chart and a circular zone plate chart, respectively. For a solid state image sensor with Nh horizontal pixels and Nv vertical pixels, the center of Moire patterns is located along the vertical and horizontal axes at 3Nh/2r or 3r'Nh/2 TV lines for vertically arrayed pixels and at 2Nv/r or 2r'Nv TV lines for horizontally arrayed pixels, where integers r or r' were defined as Moire's order numbers. Moire pattern appearances were discussed in connection with the modulation transfer function determined by the effective photo-sensitive apertures of solid state image sensors. J. Inst. TV Engrs. of Japan. Vol. 38, No. 8 (1984) 754, `761