38 2002 7 2000 9 * Meso- -scale Features of the Tokai Heavy Rainfall in September 2000 Shin-ichi SUZUKI Disaster Prevention Research Group, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Japan Abstract The synoptic-scale and meso- -scale features of a period of heavy rainfall in the Tokai district in September 2000 are analyzed using Japan Meteorology Agency Radar AMeDAS data and objective analysis data. This long-lasting heavy rainfall occurred in an area where the precipitable water amount is over 60 mm. The weather front area was related to upward motion, located at the east-side of a developed disturbance over the Kinki district. This disturbance came from the vicinity of typhoon T0014 in the south of Japan, and was a shallow tropical disturbance before landing on the Japanese islands. There was an another disturbance in the middle troposphere, that traveled eastward along the westerly jet. The intensification of the disturbance seems to have occurred by a coupling process of these two disturbance. Key words : Heavy rainfall, Meso- -scale disturbance 1 2000 9 11 12 11 12 2 1/3 567mm (97.0mm) (428.0mm) 24 (534.4mm) 7 1 9, 2000 9 11 21 1 14 2 3 2 49 9 11 12 2 2 2 600mm 34.8 N 35.4 N 136.8 E 137.2 E * 5
38 2002 7 1 2000 9 11 21 2000 Fig. 1 A surface weather chart at 21JST on September 11, 2000 (Japan Meteorological Agency, 2000). 34.8 N 35.4 N 137.2 E 137.6 E 3 10 11 17 12 05 10mm 11 21 12 07 11 12 4 11 09 12 06 3 11 09 11 12 15 18 21 21 12 00 12 03 11 21 12 00 12 06 2 2 11 21 12 00 03 11 09 5 10 21 11 06 3 10 21 33 11 00 33 2 11 03 06 3 11 06 6
2000 9 2 49 11, 12 2 mm Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of 48-hour rainfall (mm) from 00 JST on September 11, observed by 48 rain stations in Aichi Pref. 11 4 5 3 6 9 10 15 11 21 850hPa 6 11 21 6(f) 850hPa 60mm 60mm 11 03 11 15 Nakai (2000) 1996 7(a) (f) 850hPa 9 11 21 7(f) 6(f) 1 10 21 7(b) 14 30 133 500hPa 11 03 7 (c) 2 10-5 s -1 11 09 6 Holton (1992) 7
38 2002 7 3 34.8 N 35.4 N 136.8 E 137.2 E 137.2 E 137.6 E (mm/hour) Fig. 3 Observed precipitation rate averaged over the area from 34.8 N to 35.4 N and from 136.8 E to 137.2 E (black line) and the area from 34.8 N to 35.4 N and from 137.2 E to 137.6 E (grey line). 8 9 11 09 850hPa (Hoskins et al., 1978; Hoskins and Pedder, 1980; Holton, 1992) 1 R p V T (2000) 9 11 15 500hPa (1) 133 25 14 48 130 11 15 500hPa 11 21 12 09 10 130 25 45 1PVU 850hPa (2000) Takayabu (1991) 11 11 09 15 30 40 09 120 1 Hoskins et al. (1978) Hoskins and Pedder (1980) f 8
2000 9 4 3 (mm/hour) 11 09 12 06 Fig. 4 Precipitation rate (mm/hour) of every 3 hours in central Japan. Rader-AMeDAS data from the Japan Meteorological Agency were used. 9
38 2002 7 5 3 (mm/hour) Fig. 5 10 21 11 06 Precipitation rate (mm/hour) of every 3 hours in central Japan. Rader-AMeDAS data from the Japan Meteorological Agency were used. 15 9 09 34 105 12 13 320K 13 9 21 110 120 10 21 11 09 10
2000 9 6 9 10 15 9 11 21 850hPa, m, mm Fig. 6 850 hpa height (contour, m) and precipitable water (shade, mm) from 15JST, Sept.10 to 21JST, Sept.11, 2000. 11
38 2002 7 7 9 10 15 6 9 11 21 850hPa (10-5 s -1 ) 3 10-5 s -1 Fig. 7 Relative vorticity (10-5 s -1 ) at 850 hpa from 09JST, Sept. 10, 2000 to 21JST, Sept. 11. Shaded areas have values over 3 10-5 s -1. 12
2000 9 8 9 11 09 850hPa [kg m s K] -1 10-18 [kg m 2 s K] -1 Fig. 8 Q vector (arrows, [kg m s K] -1 ) and its horizontal divergence (shade, 10-18 [kg m 2 s K] -1 ) at 850 hpa, 09JST, Sept. 11, 2000. 9 9 11 15 500hPa K 10-5 s -1 2 10-5 s -1 Fig. 9 Potential temperature (thick line, K) and relative vorticity (thin line, 10-5 s -1 ) at 500 hpa, 15JST, Sept. 11, 2000. 13
38 2002 7 10 9 11 15 PVU 10-6 m 2 s -1 K kg -1 K 130 Fig. 10 Vertical section of potential vorticity (contour, PVU) and potential temperature (shade, K) along 130 E at 15JST, Sept. 11, 2000. 11 9 11 09 15 30 40 PVU 0.8 PVU Fig. 11 Vertical section of potential vorticity (PVU) averaged from 30 N to 40 N at 09JST, Sept. 11, 2000 (upper) and 15JST (lower). 14
2000 9 12 30 35 9 8 21 11 09 12 0.8 PVU Fig. 12 Vertical sections of potential vorticity averaged from 35 N to 40 N, from 21JST, Sept. 8, 2000 (top) to 09JST, Sept. 11 (bottom). Shaded areas indicate that the values are over 0.8 PVU. 13 320K 9 8 21 11 09 12 1.0 PVU Fig. 13 Potential vorticity on isentropic surface of 320K, from 21JST, Sept. 8, 2000 (top) to 09JST, Sept. 11 (bottom). Shaded areas indicate that the values are over 1.0 PVU. 15
38 2002 7 4 2000 9 11 12 14 Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS) 1 Holton, J. R. (1992) : An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, 3rd ed. Academic Press, 507pp. 2 Hoskins, B. J., I. Draghici and H. C. Davies (1978) : A new look at the -equation. Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 104, 31-38. 3 Hoskins, B. J. and M. A. Pedder (1980) : The diagnosis of middle latitude synoptic development. Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 106, 707-719. 4 (2000) : (CD-ROM) 5 (2000) : 12 14 9 11 12 2000 16pp. 6 Nakai, S. (2000) : Regional difference of relation between upper-level cloud area and precipitable water content. The 13th International Conference on Clouds and Precipitation, 14-18 August 2000, Reno, Nevada, USA. 7 Takayabu, I. (1991) : Coupling Development : An effcient Mechanism for the development of extratropical cyclones. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 69, 609-628. 8,,,,, (2000) : 12 9 11 12 17, No.15, 55-60. 2001 10 9 2000 9 60mm T0014 2 16