"doingmore with less"

NOTES 1. "Ecology as the basis of desim" is a wondeful phrase that was used in the subtitle of the pioneering book Bioshelters, Ocean Arhs, City Farming: Ecology as the Basis of Design by Nancy Jack Todd and John Todd (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1984). The book is now available in an updated edition called From Eco-Cities to Lioing Machines: Principles of Ecological Design (Berkeley: Notrth Atlantic Books,1994). 2. Buckminster Fuller, Synergetics: Explorations in the Geometry of Thinhine (New York: Macmillan, 1975), 108. 3. Edward O. Wilson, The Diaersity of Life (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 199D. 144. 4. Nancy Jack Todd and John Todd, From Eco-Cities.175.

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5. Wallace Stegner, Beyond the Handredth Meridian: John Weslev Powell and the Second Opening of the West (New York: Penguin Books, 1992), 315. 6. Vicki L. Kramer, Joshua N. Collins, and Charles Beeslev, "Reduction of Salt Marsh Mosquitoes by Enhancing Tidal Action," Proceed' ings of Catifornia Mosquito Vector Control Association (I99D: 2l- 7. Ian McHarg, Destgn with Nature (Garden City, N.Y.: Natural History Press, 1969), 161. 8. Biggs, Fractals,36. 9. Royal Commission on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront, Regeneration: Toronto's Waterfront and the Sustainable Citv: Final Report (Toronto: Queen's Printer of Ontario, 1992), xxii. 10. Ibid., 78. 11. Ibid., xxii. 12. K.-H. Robbrt, "Norr-Negotiable Facts as a Basis for Decision- Making," a working paper for the Natural Step Foundation, Amiralitetshuset. Sweden, 1-2.

NOTES l. John Briggs, Fractals: The Patterns of Chaos: Discouering a New Aesthetic of Art, Science, and Nature (New york: Simon & Schuster. L992),2r. 2. John Harte et al., Toxics A to Z: A Guide to Eaerydag pollution Hazards (Berkeley and Los Angeles: Univ. of California press, lg91), 333. 3. Biggs, Fraclak, L24. 4. These comments rely on a manuscript version of paul Mankiewicz's paper "Biological Surfaces, Metabolic Capacitance, Growth, and Differentiation: A Theoretical Exploration of Thermodynamic, Eco_ nomic, and Material Efficiencies in Fluid purification Systems," a 19g3 report from the Center for Restoration of Waters, Falmouth. Mass.