HDD 1-1 HDD HDD 1-2 1-1 HDD () 25-515578 1-2 1
1-3 HDD 1-3 HDD GMR 1-4 HDD HD-DVD Blu-ray Disc HDD 25 HDD 26 TMR 1975 3 25 26 Seagate Technology ( GST) 3 HDD HDD 1-4 HDD 13Gb/inch 2 3 HDD TMR 2
HDD HDD 1-4 HDD 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 [DTM] [] (Gb/inch2) 2 ) HDD HDD HDD 4 3 HDD LSI HDD HDD AV HDD JEITA() HDD 1 2 1) 1) http://it.jeita.or.jp/document/ittguide/magnetic/index.html http://it.jeita.or.jp/statistics/intelterm/25/table-b.html25 [26 1 5 ] 3
1-5 HDD 27 3 HDD 3 2 1 1-5 HDD Trace Storage Technology () TDK GST TDK TDKSAE Magnetics Headway Technologies 4
HDDHard Disk Drive PCT/ 1999 25 26 8 4 24 PATOLIS 2-1 2-1 (a) 1998 (b) (a-b) 3,143 78 3,65 2,595 4,6 75 3,931 2,182 3,24 42 2,982 2,256 3,583 54 3,529 1,47 6,382 271 6,111 3,919 2,138 52 19,618 () 17,79 12,422 11,929 () DERWENT WPI 7,4 1,3 EPDEFRGB ITCHNLDKSE ATBEFILI 2 11 29 5
HDD (1) 2-1-1 HDD 2-1-2 9% 2-1-1 4,5 4, 3,5 3, 2,5 2, 1,5 1, 5 1999 2 21 22 23 24 6% 2-1-2 34% 6% 54% (2) 2-1-3 2-1-4 92% 2-1-3 2-1-4 2,5 2, 5% 2% 1% % 1,5 1, 5 1999 2 21 22 23 24 92% 6
2-1-5 2-1-6 58% HDD 2-1-5 1,6 1,4 1,2 1, 8 6 4 2 1999 2 21 22 23 24 2-1-6 5% 34% 2% 1% 58% (3) 2-1-7 2-1-8 54 34 88 2-1-7 2-1-8 92 58 34 96 546 94 % 7
8 2-1-7 2, 4, 6, 8, 1, 12, 199925 6% 6% 34% 54% 1%, 2% % 5% 92%, 1,964 48%, 24%, 1%, 8%, 19%, 5%, 36%, %. 21%, 38%, 58%, 4,271 34%, 2,553 1%, 5% 2%, 1 11,929 1,337 1,279 7,418
2-1-8 13% 37 6% 18 47% 137 291 1,7 1% 4 33% 95 2% 4% 94% 1,4 2% % 2% % % 56% 71% 5% % 5% 19% 38 % 25% 19% 5% 1,987 4,45 46% 1,868 2, 2, 2, 2, 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1, 1, 1, 1, 5 5 5 5 199925 9
HDD 1-3 2-2-1 2-2-1 HDD HDD 2-2-1 2 2122 2-2-1 1999 2 21 22 23 24 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Head Disc Head control Mecha Electric cont Head Disc Head control Mecha Electric cont Head Disc Head control Mecha Electric cont Head Disc Head control Mecha Electric cont 1
2-2-2 2-2-3 9% 2-2-2 1% 8% 6% 4% 2% % Head Disc Head Mecha Electric control cont 199925 2-2-3 1% 8% 6% 4% 2% % Head Disc Head Mecha Electric control cont 199925 11
2-2-2 2-2-3 3 HDD TDK AV Seagate 3 TDK 2-2-2 5 1 TDK 664 2 438 3 428 252 221 (183 439 263 TDK 249 223 18 161 579 499 449 4 213 HOYA(183) 245 98 414 5 162 157 186 (75 196 2-2-3 5 199925 1 TDK 292 Seagate Technology 18 2 IBM23 75 3 34 23 4 Seagate Technology 139 5 139 Seagate Technology 334 181 Western Digital 131 Seagate Technology 117 Western Digital 44 4 58 Seagate Technology41 36 (29) Maxtor76 36 Texas Instruments 33 IBM(26) IBM73 25 IBM26 199925 12
2-3-1 GMR TMR MR 1) 7 MR MR AMR 1) 19921998 1985 1991 AMR GMR 199925 GMR TMR MR 19921998 28 199925 25 199 199925 2-3-1 35 3 38 82 MR TMR GMR 25 2 15 2558 313 28 1825 48 38 256 28 3 243 1 1 1165 144 65 173 199 199 5 79 68 4 597 436 39 19851991 19921998 1999 25 1) MR GMR TMR MR MR AMR(Anisotropic magnetoresistance) HDD MR 13
2-3-2 1999 22 23 25 CPP-GMR TDK TMR CPP-GMR Seagate Technology Seagate Technology TDK CIP-GMR Seagate Technology 2-3-2 TDK Seagate Technology TDK Seagate Technology - - - - 14
2-3-3 HDD 7 21 24 7 Seagate Technology Seagate Technology 26 HDD 24 24 2 2-3-3 16 14 12 1 8 6 ( ) 4 2 3 25 2 15 1 5 1999 2 21 22 23 24 15
2-3-4 5 TDK Seagate 2-3-4 TDK Seagate Technology TDK Seagate Technology 149 152 15 15 91 86 4 17 68 76 62 45 58 113 1999 25 16
2-3-5 2-3-6 a DFHA HDI b c CSS dvcm VCM e f 5 57 2-3-5 284, 13% 158, 7% 596, 26% 2-3-6 (11, 5%) (31, 15%) (465, 23%) VCM 249, 11% VCM (193, 1%) 272, 12% 699, 31% (217, 11%) (719, 36%) 1999 ~25 [1999 25 ] 17
2-3-7 TDK Seagate Seagate 9 Seagate VCM TDK 2-3-7 145 15 49 26 43 28 53 16 33 4 21 1 439 263 9 11 15 18 57 49 1 1 72 11 28 24 249 245 3 63 54 13 13 13 186 Seagate Technology V 17 183 38 71 28 3 C M 114 14 21 17 37 15 453 38 TDK 2 71 23 1 39 24 13 12 1 18 56 37 158 137 6 8 34 44 21 21 134 V C M [1999 25 ] 18
2-3-8 2-3-9 a b chdd HDD d 2-3-8 2-3-9 (121, 8%) ( 172, 12%) (938, 64%) (111, 15%) (86, 11%) (421, 55%) ( 239, 16%) (144,19%) [1999 25 ] [1999 25 ] 2-3-8 2-3-1 938 64 124, 13% 475, 51% 2-3-4-7 51 133, 14% 61 111, 12% 14 95, 1% 2 [1999 25 ] 19
HDD HDD PRML(Partial Response Maximum Likelihood) HDD FPC(Flexible Printed Circuit)IC HDD 2-3-11 2-3-12 AV HDD 2-3-11 HDD 2-3-12 HDD, 271,16%, 19, 6%, 443, 27%, 152, 17%, 49, 6%, 223, 25%, 222, 13%, 182, 2%, 289, 17%, 364, 21%, 113, 13%, 169, 19% 1999 25 1999 25 2
2-3-13 PLL(Phase-Locked Loop) MR GMRTMR HDD 3 Texas Instruments HDD Seagate Technology 14 2-3-13 [] 79 61 58 56 46 [] 36 19 8 16 5 Texas Instruments 42 16 IBM 12 Infineon Technologies 12 Agere Systems 11 Seagate Technology 14 1999 25 21
HDD HDD AV RAID(Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks) HDD HDD HDD 2221 235 1/1 2-3-14 HDD RAID 2-3-14 HDD, 181, 8%, 187, 8%, 657, 31%, 1, 4%, 19, 8%, 54, 23%, 232, 1%, 245, 11%, 318, 14%, 41, 18%, 59, 26%, 34, 14% 1999 25 2,221 235, 18, 8%, 41, 17% 2-3-1 1 HDD AV 2-3-1 HDD 1 41 2 339 3 194 4 151 5 117 6 1 7 96 8 8 9 63 1 59 1 59 1999 25 22
4 HDD CPP MR 7 CPP MR AMR GMR (MR) CIP(Current-in-plane) MR CPP(Current-perpendicularto-plane) TMR CPP-GMR BMR MR TMR 2-4-1 2-4-2 TMR CPP-GMR TMR CPP-GMR TDK TMR CPP-GMR 2-4-1 TMR 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 TDK 1999 2 21 22 23 24 2-4-2 CPP-GMR 6 5 4 3 2 1 TDK 1999 2 21 22 23 24 23
3 1) 2) 3) 1 2 3 Bs 2-4-3 TDK Seagate 2 2-4-3 69 TDK 59 43 Seagate Technology 47 22 17 199925 24
2 (Ku) 2-4-4 23 24 2-4-4 6 5 4 3 2 1 1999 2 21 22 23 24 3 25 2 15 1 5 2-4-5 1999 2 21 22 23 Co/Pd,Pt L1 ECCCGC CoCr 2-4-5 CoCr CoCrCoCrPt CoCrPtTa CoCr 24 25
HDD 2 2-4-6 [1999 25 ] 2-4-6 5 23 4 1999 3 2 1 24 24 7 23 1999 2 21 22 23 24 1999 22 2-4-7 [1999 25 ] 5 2-4-7 4 3 2 1 2 23 23 2 1999 2 21 22 23 24 19 26
TPTP(Thermal Pole Tip Protrusion) PRML(Partial Response Maximum Likelihood) 199 EPRML(Extended PRML) EEPRML(Enhanced Extended PRML)MEEPRML(Modified Enhanced Extended PRML) Turbo LDPC(Low Density Parity Check) PRML 2-4-8 59% 2-4-9 FIR(Finite Impulse Response) AGC(Automatic Gain Control) AGC PLL(Phase-Locked Loop) PLL Turbo LDPC(Low Density Parity Check) PLLPRMLAGCTurbo LDPC 2-4-8 2-4-9 TPTP, 9, 9%, 9, 9%, 32, 33% TA, 16, 8% Turbo LDPC, 31, 15%, 5, 2%, 59, 28%, 22, 23% 1999 25, 25, 26% AGC, 33, 15% PLL, 35, 16% PRML, 34, 16% 1999 25 27
CM CM 2-4-1 95% 8% 2-4-11 2-4-1 1999 25, 16, 2%, 24, 2%, 12, 1%, 5, 5%, 6, 6%, 8, 8%, 1, 1%, 923, 95%, 75, 8% 2-4-11 1999 25, 129, 14%, 146, 15%, 447, 48%, 22, 23% 28
HDD 1nm 1nm 2-4-12 4 2-4-13 4 TDK 7 6 5 4 3 2 2-4-12 DTM1; DTM2;( ) PTM1;() PTM2;() 1 1999 2 21 22 23 24 2-4-13 TDK Seagate Technology 79 55 23 19 29 PTM1 PTM2 DTM1 DTM2 [199925 ] 2-4-14 29
2-4-14 61 Seagate Technology 56 43 41 38 3 1999 25 JSTPlus 1999 25 1) 1,185 3-1 3-1 2 15 1 HDD 5 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 [] HDD 1) 3
3-2 9 3-2 19 37 49 3 28 136 2 46 27 8 18 11 22 64 3 11 1 Data Storage Inst.(SG) 12 43 8 1 14 21 11 9 1 13 22 3 5 73 55 44 2 2 16 38 12 1 6 2 3 3 3 [1999 25 ] INSPEC HDD HDI INSPEC 1999 25 2)1,367 3-3 3-4 2) IEEEAIP,APSASME 31
3-5 46 33 79 3-6 Seagate Technology 22 IBM 22 23 HDD 3-7 7 Seagate Data Storage Inst. 3-3 3-4 (19, 8%) (448, 32%) (143, 11%) (644, 49%) (43, 3%) (268, 19%) (524, 38%) (517, 4%) [1999 25 ] [1999 25 ] 3-5 (64, 5%) (89, 7%) (3, 2%) (66, 46%) 3-6 [] (98, 7%) (43, 33%) [1999 25 ] 5 4 3 2 1 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 Data Storage Inst. California Univ. Seagate Technol. IBM Carnegie Mellon Univ. 32
3-7 Seagate Technol.(US) 66 61 18 8 153 31 38 27 6 8 11 IBM(US) 25 32 15 1 4 77 Carnegie Mellon Univ.(US) Data Storage Inst.(SG) 26 35 8 15 8 41 1 4 3 1 73 69 California Univ.(US) 9 27 34 11 81 7 42 2 4 55 [1999 25 ] 1995 HDD 1995 NEDO 25 1 1GB HDD HDD 4-1 4-1 HDD NEDO 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 NEDO NEDO IT NEDO 33
HDD NIST National Institute of Standards and TechnologyNSFNational Institute of Standards and Technology DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) HDD 2 MEMS Institute for Information Storage Technology (IIST) at Santa Clara University Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC) at Carnegie Mellon University Center for Magnetic Recording Research (CMRR) at UC San Diego Center for Micro Magnetics and Information Technologies (MINT) at University of Minnesota Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) at University of Alabama 4-2 HDD 2 1999 25 13.5 46.3 3 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 4-2 HDD 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 ) 1 12 34
HDD HDD 5-1 25 HDD 3 7,985 3 2,8 26 13.1 4 2,97 1.8 3 3,38 27 711 47 HDD OEM 5-2 25 9.3 7,8 51 5-1 HDD 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 5, 45, 4, 35, 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, 5, 45, 4, 35, 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, 5-2 HDD OEM OEM 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 18, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, OEM 1999 25 26 27 211 23 P9126 P133 27 P149 22 11 19 25 11 18 26 12 6 35
HDD 5-3 HDD 3.5 ATA 1 2.5 ATA 1.8 28 8GB211 15GBNAND 27 1. 25 9 ipodmini NAND ( 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. 1.8 2.5ATA 3.5ATA 2.5/3.5SCSI 5-3 HDD 1, 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 HDD 5-4 PC Non-PC Non-PC 5-4 HDD 7, ( 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, Non-PC PC 1, 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 [] 24 25 26 27 211 27 P15,P57 26 12 6 1ATAAdvanced Technology Attachment(AT Attachment) HDD 36
HDD 5-5 HDD 2 22 25 26 2 HDD 5 3 1 9 21 Maxtor Quantum 23 IBM HDD 25 7 26 5 Seagate Technology Maxtor 6 5-5 HDD HDD a2 HDD b22 HDD 4.% 5.% Western Digital 1.% 3.% 6.% Seagate Technology 2.% Quantum 15.% 5.8% 4.4% IBM 12.5% 5.% 3.2% Seagate Technology 27.5% 12.% IBM 12.% Maxtor 13.% Western Digital 15.1% Maxtor 26.4% 13 P223 22 3 c25 HDD d26 HDD 7.% 8.7% 6.8% Cornice.2% GS Magic.1% Seagate Technology 29.4% 9.1% 1.8% 7.7% Cornice.2% Seagate Technology 36.3% Maxtor 14.8% GST 14.9% Western Digital 18.1% GST 16.4% Western Digital 19.4% 5-4-1-1b 23 P93 22 11 19 5-4-1-1c 26 P72 25 11 18 5-4-1-1d 27 P77 26 12 6 37
HDD 26 5-6 26 5 Maxtor Seagate Technology Maxtor Seagate Technology 3.5/2.5 SCSI Seagate Technology 3.5/2.5 SCSI 3.5 ATA 2.5 ATA GST 1 2 1.8 GST Seagate Technology 27 Apple ipod 1. 25 Seagate Technology GST 25.85 5-6 HDD 26 GST 14.9% a3.5/2.5 SCSI b3.5 ATA GST 1.1% 25.3% Seagate Technology 59.8% 14.4% Western Digital 3.1% Seagate Technology 45.5% 8.3% c2.5 ATA d1.8 Western Digital 5.2% GST 23.4% 16.8% GST 29.% Seagate Technology 18.2% 22.5% Western Digital 4.1% Cornice 2.4% e1. Seagate Technology 31.6% 76.6% 2.4% GST 23.5% 27 P7778 26 12 6 38
HDD 5-7 26 16. 13 1,4 3.4 6,439 5-8 26 TDK 5-7 5-8 2, 9, 26 1,8 8, Seagate 1,6 7, 1,4 4.4% Technology 6, 32.2% 1,2 5, 1.% 1, 4, 8 Western 3, 6 Digital 4 2, 12.8% 2 1, GST 14.9% () () 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 5-9 26 16.1 7 1,48 16.8% 4,465 5-1 Seagate Technology GST 5-9 1,2 1, 8 6 4 2 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 211 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1999 25 26 27 23 P197( 5-7)P134( 5-9) 26 P278( 5-7)P29( 5-9) 27 P34( 5-7)P35( 5-8)P227( 5-9)P228( 5-1) 22 11 19 25 11 18 26 12 6 () () TDK 25.7% 5-1 26 Seagate HOYA Technology 3.1% 23.4% 5.% DT 12.2% GST 14.6% Komag 2.4% 21.2% 39
HDD NAND HDD NAND GB 26 32GB HDD MLC 11 1GB HDD HDD IBM 1999 23 IBM HDD TMR CoCrPt SN TMR MgO MR ( 1-4) Seagate Technology Seagate Technology ( 2-3-7) Seagate Technology ( 3-7) Seagate Technology Seagate Technology 2122 ( 3-6) ( 3-2) 7 11 HDD HDD 89% 66% 1 TDK2 3 Seagate Technology ( 2-4-13) 1 4
2 75% Seagate Technology 2 Seagate Technology ( 2-4-14) Seagate Technology 6-1 6-1 * 2 ()6 ()3 ()1 19 ()4 ()1 44 28 165 ()13 ()9 ()5 ()8 ()1 ()1 ()1 14 ()2 ()1 275 ()4 181 ()4 [199925 ] HDD HDD 26 13.1 4 2,97 1.8 3 3,38 5-1 5-5 Maxtor Seagate Technology 7 1 Seagate Technology2 Western Digital 2 55.7% 5-5(d) 3.5 2.5 1.8 5-6 3.5 5-3PC HDD 2.5 1.8 2.5 1.8 5-3 1 3) 1)http://www.seagate.com/ww/v/index.jsp?locale=en-US&name=Seagate_Technology_Reports_Fiscal_ Fourth_Quarter_and_Year-End_26_Results&vgnextoid=f76b814fef83e1VgnVCM1dd49aRC RD 2)http://www.wdc.com./en/library/company/2278-15-A2.pdf 3)http://www.hitachi.co.jp/New/cnews/month/26/1/131/h_2info.pdf 41
GST HDD HDD HDD TDK 2 5-8TDK TMR Komag() HOYA 5-1 HDD 5-5 5% 5-5 AV HDD 2 ) 5-4 21 3 HDD ivdr 1) NHK 16 2) HDD HDD ) 32GB HDD 21 1.8 HDD 16GB 1GB HDD HDD 1) ivdrinformation Versatile Disk for Removable usage 2 2) http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/open26/tenji/t7.htmlnhk 26 42
2-3-2 2-3-4 Seagate Technology TMR 274Gbit /inch 2 5 Gbit/inch 2 HDD TMR 2-3-2 HDD Seagate Technology TMR CPP-GMR CPP-GMR MIG MR GMR GMR 13 TMR CPP CPP-GMR CPP-GMR AV HDD HDD HDD AV AV HDD AV AV HDD ( 2-4-1) HDD TMR HDD HDD AV HDD HDD HDD 43
HDD 4 NEDO SRC HDD 144 1976 ( 4-2) Seagate Technology HDD TMR 5 3% ( 2-4-13) 1) TMR MEMS 44