6 Ontology 3 : foaf:person, rss:channel : foaf:name, dc:creator? 1
: Collections Containers : ex:mybag hasitems rdf:first ex:pencil rdf:rest rdf:rest rdf:rest rdf:first rdf:first rdf:nil ex:note ex:book Collections (RDF/XML) <?xml version="1.0"?> <rdf:rdf xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:ex="http://example.org/"> <rdf:description rdf:about= http://example.org/mybag > <ex:hasitems rdf:parsetype= Collection > <rdf:description rdf:about= http://example.org/pencil /> <rdf:description rdf:about= http://example.org/note /> <rdf:description rdf:about= http://example.org/book /> </ex:hasitems> </rdf:description> </rdf:rdf> 2
Ontology : : ( ) : : : is-a, : part-of,has-a Machine is-a is-a Bike part-of Wheel Vehicle part-of Body part-of is-a Engine Car Web Ontology Ontology RDF Schema OWL (Web Ontology Language) 3
RDF Schema #SFC edu:campus #SFC edu:hasfaculty # rdf:type edu:campus rdf:type rdfs:class rdf:type edu:faculty rdf:type OOP 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 RDF Schema 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 4
rdfs:class Document author Person rdfs:domain rdf:property rdfs:range <rdf:description rdf:about="http://example.org/education#campus"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdfschema#class"/> </rdf:desciprion> <rdfs:class rdf:about= http://example.org/education#campus /> rdfs:class rdf:type edu:campus 5
<rdfs:class rdf:about= http://example.org/education#campus /> <rdfs:class rdf:about= http://example.org/education#faculty /> <rdfs:property rdf:about="http://example.org/education#hasfaculty"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://example.org/education#campus" <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://example.org/education#faculty" </rdf:desciprion> rdfs:property rdf:type rdf:domain edu:hasfaculty edu:campus rdf:range edu:faculty Organization hasmember Person rdfs:subclassof rdfs:subpropertyof rdfs:subclassof University hasstudent Student 6
<rdfs:class rdf:id= Organization /> <rdfs:class rdf:id= University > <rdfs:subclassof rdf:resource= #Organization /> </rdfs:class> <rdfs:class rdf:id= Person /> <rdfs:class rdf:id= Student > <rdfs:subclassof rdf:resource= #Person /> </rdfs:class> <rdfs:property rdf:id= hasmember > <rdfs:domain rdf:resource= #Organization /> <rdfs:range rdf:resource= #Person /> </rdfs:property> <rdfs:property rdf:id= hasstudent > <rdfs:subpropertyof rdf:resource= #hasmember /> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource= #University /> <rdfs:range rdf:resource= #Student /> </rdfs:property> RDF Schema rdfs:resource: rdfs:resource, rdfs:resource rdfs:literal: rdfs:datatype: rdfs:label: rdfs:comment: ( ) rdfs:seealso: rdfs:isdefinedby: 7
OWL (Web Ontology Language) RDF Schema ( ) 4 3 OWL Full OWL DL OWL Lite OWL owl:class OWL Full: rdfs:class = owl:class owl:thing owl:thing OWL owl:thing OWL Full: rdfs:resource = owl:thing owl:nothing 8
OWL : ( ) 1. URI 2. 3. 4. 2 5. 2 6. ( ) URI <owl:class rdf:id= Mammal /> <owl:class rdf:about= http://example.org/sports/soccer /> 9
<owl:class> <owl:oneof rdf:parsetype= Collection > <owl:thing rdf:id= /> <owl:thing rdf:id= /> <owl:thing rdf:id= /> </owl:oneof> </owl:class> owl:unionof : owl:intersectionof : owl:complementof : <owl:class rdf:id= > <owl:intersectionof rdf:parsetype= Collection > <owl:class rdf:about= #Student /> <owl:class> <owl:complementof> <owl:class rdf:id= /> </owl:complementof> </owl:class> </owl:intersectionof> </owl:class> 10
iphone <owl:class> <rdfs:subclassof rdf:resource= #Student /> <rdfs:subclassof> <owl:restriction> <owl:onproperty rdf:resource= #hasphone /> <owl:hasvalue rdf:resource= #iphone /> </owl:restriction> </rdfs:subclassof> </owl:class> 11
edu:campus edu:hasfaculty 1 <owl:class rdf:about="http://example.org/education#campus"> <rdfs:subclassof> <owl:resriction> <owl:onproperty rdf:resource="http://example.org/education#hasfaculty"/> <owl:mincardinality>1</owl:mincardinality> </owl:resriction> <rdfs:subclassof> </owl:class> edu:faculty sch:department <owl:class rdf:about="http://example.org/education#faculty"> <owl:equivalentclass rdf:resource="http://school.org/school#department" /> </owl:class> 12
edu:faculty edu:graduateschool <owl:class rdf:about="http://example.org/education#fa culty"> <owl:disjointwith rdf:resource="http://example.org/education# GraduateSchool"/> </owl:class> OWL owl:objectproperty OWL Full: rdf:property = owl:objectproperty owl:datatypeproperty OWL Full: owl:objectproperty 13
owl:equivalentproperty edu:hasfaculty sch:hasdepartment <owl:objectproperty rdf:about="http://example.org/education#hasfaculty"> <owl:equivalentproperty rdf:resource="http://school.org/school#hasdepartment"/> </owl:objectproperty> owl:inverseof <owl:objectproperty rdf:id= teach > <owl:inverseof rdf:resource= #istaughtby /> </owl:objectproperty> 14
owl:transitiveproperty P(x,y) P(y,z) P(x,z) owl:symmetricproperty P(x,y) <=> P(y,x) owl:functionalproperty x P(x,y) y owl:inversefunctionalproperty y P(x,y) x <owl:inversefunctionproperty rdf:id= hasstudentid > <rdfs:domain rdf:resource= #Student /> <rdfs:range rdf:resource= #StudentID /> </owl:inversefunctionproperty> 15
URI 2 : owl:sameas 2 : owl:differentfrom : owl:alldifferent <edu:university rdf:id= Keio > <owl:sameas rdf:resource= http://dbpedia.org/resource/keio_university /> </edu:university> Schema Web Web Schema http://www.schemaweb.info/ ) dc: http://dublincore.org/2008/01/14/dcelements.rdf foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/index.rdf wot: http://xmlns.com/wot/0.1/index.rdf cc: http://web.resource.org/cc/schema.rdf 16
protégé Ontology Editor http://protege.s tanford.edu/ 17