情 報 処 理 学 会 インタラクション 2. Wang [4] Klaus [5] En [6] LRF Laser Range Finder [7] [8] LRF Juan [9] CrashAlert Kinect 3. 1 Fig. 2 2 1 Fig. 1 System Overview



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情 報 処 理 学 会 インタラクション 1,a) 2,b) 2,c) Proposal of Safe-Walking Support System for Texting While Walking Using a Time-of-Flight Range Image Sensor Kodama Sho 1,a) Enokibori Yu 2,b) Mase Kenji 2,c) Abstract: Accidents occurred during Texting while walking are increasing. Most people understand Texting while walking is risky and have to be stopped; however, not a few people continue does that. If eradication of Texting while walking is difficult, developing a safe-walking support system is an alternative way to reduce accident risk of Textile while walking. In this paper, we propose a prototype of such safe-walking support system. Our prototype measures crush risk around users with time-of-fright based depth sensor and show the risk as a color-bar overlaid for top-side of smartphone screen. By experiment and questionnaire, our prototype succeeded to notice increase of risk without big obstruction for smartphone operation; however, there are several points have to be improved, such as risk notification design. 1. [1] 22 23 25 36 122 NTTdocomo 1 Department of Information Engineering, School of Engineering, Nagoya Uniersity 2 Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya Uniersity a) kodama@cmc.ss.is.nagoya-u.ac.jp b) enokibori@is.nagoya-u.ac.jp c) mase@nagoya-u.jp [2] 1/20 1.5m MMD [3] 20% 87.7% 32.3% 20 56.3% Information Processing Society of Japan 487

情 報 処 理 学 会 インタラクション 2. Wang [4] Klaus [5] En [6] LRF Laser Range Finder [7] [8] LRF Juan [9] CrashAlert Kinect 3. 1 Fig. 2 2 1 Fig. 1 System Overview Screen at the time of overlay operations 2 4. Android 4.1 Information Processing Society of Japan 488

情 報 処 理 学 会 インタラクション 1 CamBoard pico flexx Table 1 Performance table of CamBoard pico flexx 68 17 7.25[mm] 0.1 4.0[m] IRS1145C Infineon(R) 5-45[fps] (3D frames) 1 4.8-30[ms] 300[mW] 224 171[px] 62 45 1.0-2.0[% of distance] 3 CamBoard pico flexx Fig. 3 Appearance of CamBoard pico flexx Kinect CamBoard pico flexx 3 1 4.0[m] 1.32[m/s] [10] 1 4 USB Android Wi-Fi 4.2 3 2 3 2 2 6[m] (x, y, z) = (0, 0, 6.0) 6[m] 1-3 (x, y, z) (x, y, z ) 4 Fig. 4 4 Mounting state of the sensor 0 1 w x = x 6.0 (1) z y = y 6.0 (2) z z = 6.0 (3) w = 6.0 z (4) 120 120 w w = 1 5 0 256 4.3 2 120 120 6 10 Information Processing Society of Japan 489

情報処理学会 インタラクション 図 5 図 7 生成された 120 120 距離画像 実験風景 Fig. 7 Experimental landscape Fig. 5 Generated 120 120 distance image 図 8 実験時歩行ルート Fig. 8 Walking route during experiment 自由にスマートフォン操作を行ってもらった アンケート 項目は次の通りである ( 1 ) 衝突回避の有用さ ( 2 ) 危険度通知の妥当性 ( 3 ) スマートフォン操作への影響 ( 4 ) センサのつけ心地 図 6 距離画像データの分割 Fig. 6 Division of the distance image data ( 5 ) 自由記述欄 実際に用いたアンケート用紙を図 9 に示す 各アンケー ト項目は各自が想定しうる最悪の場合と最高の場合を両端 う 危険度の算出には各部分領域の要素 12 120 の中に にするように教示したラインスケールである 各項目の最 格納されている距離値の合計を用いる 各部分領域に格納 も当てはまると思った位置に印を付けてもらい 左端から された w の合計値を算出し その値に応じて 10 段階で危 印までの距離を用いて 左端を 0 右端を 1 とした評価値 険度を算出する. を構築した 5. システム評価実験 5.1 実験内容 2 人の被験者にシステム補助のある歩きスマホを体験し て貰い 本システムの問題点を把握するためにアンケート 調査を実施した 実施場所は名古屋大学東山キャンパス内 で図 8 に示すルートで本システムを利用し歩きスマホを 行ってもらった 端末は Nexus9 を用いた アンケート項 目は次の通りである 実験中のスマートフォン操作では ウェブサイトの閲覧やその他アプリケーションの使用など Information Processing Society of Japan 5.2 実験結果 項目 1 3 の結果を表 2 に示す また 自由記述式のア ンケートでは以下のような意見が得られた 画面に集中している場合 危険度通知が見にくく気づ かない場合がある タブレットを下げたときにセンサがタブレットを障害 物と認識してしまう場合がある 危険度通知で赤 黄 水色等があったがどの色がどの くらい危険かわかりにくい 490

情 報 処 理 学 会 インタラクション Fig. 10 10 A pole for which recognition is difficult 9 Fig. 9 2 Table 2 Questionnaire Questionnaire result 1 2 3 4 A 0.11 0.17 0.50 0.50 B 0.36 0.15 0.92 0.16 0.24 0.16 0.71 0.33 ( 1 ), ( 2 ), ( 3 ), ( 4 ) 5.3 10 6. JSPS 26280074 [1],, http://www.tfd.metro.tokyo.jp/lfe/topics/201503/mobile.html Information Processing Society of Japan 491

情 報 処 理 学 会 インタラクション [2] NTTdocomo, in -?, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nduwv9uavs/ [3] MMD, 2015, https://mmdlabo.jp/investigation/detail 1504.html [4] Tianyu Wang Giuseppe Cardone Antonio Corradi Lorenzo Torresani Andrew T.Campbell: WalkSafe:A Pedestrian Safety App for Mobile Phone Users Who Walk and Talk While Crossing Roads, Int. J. Comput. Traffic Injury Prevention(2010). [5] Klaus-Tycyo Foerster Aiex Gross Nino Hail Jara Uitto Roger Wattenhofer: SpareEye:Enhancing the Safety of Inattentionally Blind Smartphone Users, Proceeding- MUM 14 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia Pages 68-72, (2014). [6] En Peng Patrick Peursum Ling Li Svetha Venkatesh: A Smartphone-based Obstacle Sensor for the Visually Impaired, UIC(2010). [7], 3, (2003). [8], LRF, (2011). [9] Juan David Hincapie-Ramos, Pourang Irani CrashAlert: Enhancing Peripheral Alertness for Eyes-Busy Mobile Interaction while Walking, CHI(2013). [10],, (2009). Information Processing Society of Japan 492