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Huang Zongxi s Attitude to the Chinese and Barbarians Yili Chen Doctors Course, Major in Politics, Graduate School of International Japanese Studies Institute, Hosei University Abstract During the Ming-Qing transition, many Chinese intellectuals were forced to meditate the new relationship between Chinese and Manchus. Huang Zongxi (, 1610-1695) was one of such intellectuals and the main purpose of this paper is to examine Huang Zongxi s attitude toward the Chinese and barbarians. As a result, we clarify that Hang Zongxi's attitude to the Chinese and barbarians had changed for three times. At the first stage, Huang Zongxi did not only participate in anti-qing struggles but also wrote Liu Shu () in order to criticize Manchus. At the second stage, Huang Zongxi began to realize that people's welfare was much more important than who were the rulers. This idea could be distill from his second political work Ming Yi Dai Fang Lu (). At the third stage, Huang Zongxi stopped condemning Manchus and praised the Qing emperors. However, this kind of behavior can not mean that he altogether abandoned the Chinese-barbarian view. 83