2001 4 1 2001 1 1 2 2000 4 3 4 5 2002 3
8 9 6 2001 4 1 2001 4 2001 4 2 2001 1 3 2001 3
1 1 3 4 4 6 6 8 8 9 10 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 15 16 17 29 37
1996 11 97 11 2001 4 1 2 2001 4 1 2000 4 2001 3 1 2 1970 6 1 1
2001 3 3 10 4 3 3 1999.12.29 4 1999.12.6 5 2
1 60 10 2 1 3 2001 2001 2001 4 5 5 3
4 1 6 7 6 BIS 1980 vulnerability 7 100% 100%
5 2 8 8 1996 7 command and control Garcia,G 1999
1999 4 68 2 9 4 1 16 1993 3 21 1933 P A 3 9 90 1 18 2 6
7 1980 1991 3
10 1960 40 1971 46 7 100 97 81 4 1986 9 1985 6 1992 10 1927 2 1933 1948 23 65 65 8
2001 3 1996 6 3 5 2001 3 1997 11 2001 3 1998 2 2 30 17 7 10 13 3 10 98 3 1.8 1998 8 13 9
1998 10 18 25 99 3 7.4 30 60 13 10 70 6 4 1 1999 9 55% 11% 5 6 8 10
2 1997 4 1999 6 11 1997 11 3 1999 9 6 1 8 3 1 11 1,366 526 255 1 1 1 1 1999 3 1 2 7 3 4 6 11 85 11
12 7 1
21 1 21 2001 1 2 13
12 2000 4 3 4 12 1994 3 383 270 100 20 3 14
5 3 1 2003 3 13 13 1999 9 164 15
2002 3 8 9 6 1 14 20 109 15 13 0.1 7 14 8 0.048% 0.036% 0.084% 7 16
2001 4 1 2001 4 2001 4 2 15 1971 17
2000 7 2001 1 2001 1 3 2001 3 8 18
1. 1960 1999 4 68 Garcia,G 1999 75 51 1980 1970 17 95 47 99 68 16 c oinsurance coinsurance 2 2 4 10 17 16 1970 secondary banking crisis 1984 1990 1998 17 2.5 100% 19
1990 1 GDP 3 1 GDP 3.2 2.5 6.2 4.0 3.4 3.2 1.6 coinsurance 16 90% 1 18 2 1993 9 6 3 1995 4 1999 21 3 2 21 45 4 11 27 8 26 55 8 34 58 53 4 3 2. 18 18 20
19 1929 1933 dual banking 1933 unit banking 1980 1984 1991 9 1983 21 1991 19 1985 20 1992 21 1983 1985 21
3 22 1934 97 P&A 7 1 2 1979 55% 1980 91 P&A 4 3 1992 97 P&A 5 47% 1994 97 1970 1993 P&A 10 1960 1992 P&A 5 1983 P&A 22 1995 22
P&A 1960 P&A 1987 P&A 1991 P&A 2 23 1978 1989 P&A 1991 P&A 1992 1993 24 1983 1987 P&A 2 3 23,W,J 1999 24 23
& 1 1982 1984 5 8 15 too big to fail too big to fail 1991 least cost resolution systemic risk exception 25 1993 too big to fail 1994 25 3 3 9 1997 95 0.0008 0.084 24
oo big to fail 1998 26 1982 1991 FDIC FDIC FDIC FRB 2 1980 4 10 GDP 9 3.2 1 26 1990 5 constructive ambiguity 25
10 10 8 6 5 27 1983 1984 P&A 10 84 80 64 P&A 62 2 16 84 10 P&A 1991 1989 P&A 1991 1992 P&A 1993 1993 P&A P&A 27 1983 1985 26
3 1991 1993 1980 10 1989 1991 1992 27
28 1999.12.21 1 20
datastream Loans and leases
1999 4 coinsur ance ( %) (100) (81) (85) (24) (66) (40) (24) (31) 1995 n.a. ( %) (100) (55) (72) (13) (45) (23) ( 9) Garcia,G 1999 1934-79 80-91 92-97 P&A P&A P&A P&A P&A 1995
4 1971 7 1974 6 1982 4 100 300 1986 7 1,000 1996 6 1997 11 3 1998 2 10 2 17 13 10 18 25 2000 4 23 2001 4 2002 4 1 1 1
6 1999 3 1 1 1 1 1 2,806 50 843 <15> 1,981 <35> 2,825 50 5,630 52 265 16 244 <15> 1,135 <69> 1,379 84 1,644 472 2,536 72 582 <16> 413 <12> 995 28 3,530 34 3 1 11 < 4> 247 <95> 258 99260 5,462 2 1 7 < 3> 186 <96> 193 99195 6,096 869 50 886 50 1,755 43 126 18 580 82706 319 740 82 161 18901 23 2 2 69 98 71 1,999 1 2 75 98 77 2,884 1,931 52 1,790 48 3,721 55 138 15 757 85896 715 1,791 68 827 32 2,618 39 1 1 147 99148 12,062 1 1 59 99 59 12,999 5 3 142 97146 2,193 1 2 37 98 38 2,287 4 43 5 57 9 186 0 0 42 100 324,531 0 0 57 100 78,081 1999 6
8 LLR
9 1983 4 1991 2 1991 12 P&A 10 3 9
1984 1985 1998,W,J 2 1999 5 26 1992 12 1995 8 Depositor Preference 13 4 1994 FDIC, Deposit Insurance in a Changing Environment, 1983 Garcia,Gillian, Deposit Insurance A Survey of Actual and Best Practices, IMF Working Paper 99/54 1999