米独の金融自由化とセイフティ・ネットの展開( )

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1 10 * 43

2 Bank-Oriented System Q MMC Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980 DIDMCADIDMCA 6 NOW 1 [2003],

3 MMC DIDMCA Q Garn-St. Germain ActMMDA [2003] 1933 Grass-Steagall ActGS CP GLB BHCFHC FHC FHC CRA (1) (2) 45

4 ()() 3 () [1976], [2003],38 Fischer/Pfeil[2004], pp [2003], ( ) 5 [2003] ([2003], 1821 ) 46

5 FDICIA FDICIA 2 5 <> [1][2][3]OCC [1][2][3][4][1] [5][6] [7][8][9] [10] [1][2] [3][4] [5][6] 7 FDIC1997S&L FDIC FDIC S&L

6 BIS BestBank1999 The National Bank of Keystone Pacific Thrift and Loan 100% % 50 20% 0% Tier1 18 I % ( 2 :1976 ) Tier1 75% 5 300% 800% [1]() 1991 () 1992 I EC8% I Ia [2] 1998 [1] () [2] Nirk[1999],S und auch vgl. Büschgen[1998],S &Co ( 8 Basel Committee on Banking Supervision [2004]pp [2003],

7 ) 50% EU (1960) 11 [Solvabilitätsgrundsätze](EU )( ) [Eigenmittel] ( 8%) [Gefahr:] ( 45 ) () () () 35 () ( (FinDAG) 4 )( 44 ) [Wertberichtigung:] () 46 ( ) ()( 35 4 : )( 33 (3)1 :) () [2003],27-28 Lindemann[2000] 49

8 insurance deposit transfer; IDT 13 P&APerchance and Assumption 638 2,186 1, % 77% 56% 21% % 46% 45% 1% % 39% 39% 0% P&A 2 14 Too big to fail 12 (1)(2)[ P&A FDIC 307 P&A252 5 RFC FDIC RFC P&A [2003] 50

9 1991 FDICIAFDICIA FDIC FRB FDIC FDIC GAO P&A () () ( 35 ) () BVH ( 120 ) ( (2) FDIC[ HP] 16 [2003], [203],

10 ) ( 6 ) ()(2001 ) BfK (2001 ) &Co.(2000 ) & (1999 ) (Onlinebroker Systracom Bank AG 2001 ) ( 2 ) BkmU (2002 ) (ERGON Börsengeschäfte- Vermittlungs GmbH 2001 ) &Co.[Schmidt Bank GmbH&Co.KGaA] [Auffanggesellschaft] 80% 17 ( 2000 ) Too big to fail

11 13 (KfW) ABS () FDIC 2 FDIC Bank Insurance Fund: BIF FSLIC FDIC SAIFFDIC 20 FDIC OTS FDICIA FDIC FFB SAIF 1993 FDIC FDIC (1)[ FFB BIF SAIF [2003],39-40 [1979b][1980] 53

12 1963 (Feuerwehrfonds) () I.D.Herstatt ( Tier1) 30% 23 [Institutssicherungsfonds] [Einlagensicherungsfonds]1998 ( 23a )() ( ) ( ) [2003],11-17 [2002] 24 (5) EU [2003],

13 5 0.3% 1 BVR ( (Bundesverband deutscher Banken e.v. BdB)1974 [Einlagensicherungsfonds] EU () 2 () () 55

14

15 NOWNegotiable order of withdrawal account ATSAutomatic transfer services 10 MMDAMoney Market Deposit Account

16 [Sichteinlagen] [Geschäftskonto][Gehaltskonto] [Termineinlagen] 30 5 [Spareinlagen] 8 23,697 5, % () 11, % 3, % 7, % 5, % () 1, % 20031(S.10ff.) CD 1960 [Sparbrief]() [Sparobligation]() 1 12 [Sparschuldverschreibung]() 26 [2003],5-8 [2003],64 Hummel[2000],S

17

18 Basel Committee on Banking Supervision [2004], Bank Failures in Mature Economies, Bank for International Settlements, Working Paper No.13, April, Board of Governors of Federal Reserve System (FRB) [HP] Federal Reserve Statistical Release; H6 Money Stock Measure Release Dates, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)[1997] History of the Eighties, Volume: An Examination of the Banking Crisis of the 1980s and Early 1990s, December. [HP], FDIC: HSOP Bank & Thrift Failures, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency [OCC], 2001, Problem Bank Identification, 60

19 Rehabilitation; a Guide for Examiners, January. [2001] [2003]12 [2003]BIS [2003]FDIC 7 [2004]OCC 6 Fischer, Karl-Hermann/ Pfeil, Chirstian[2004] Regulation and Competition in German Banking: An Assessment, in: Krahnen, Jan Pieter / Schmidt, Reinhard H.[2003] The German Financial System, Oxford Univ. Press, New York Hummel,Detlev[2000] Das Einlagengeschäft der Banken, in: Geld-, Bank- und Börsenwesen, 40.Aufl., (Obst(1.Aufl.), Hrsg.: H.v.Hagen), Schäffer-Poeschel, Stuttgart Lindemann, Jan Hemming [2000] Kommentar zu 44c-52, Kreditwesengesetz Kommentar zu KWG und Ausführungsvorschriften, Verlag C. H. Beck, München Nirk,Rudolf [1999] Das Kreditwesengesetz Einführung und Kommentar, 11.Aufl.,Fritz Knapp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main [2002] 26 [1979a, 1979b, 1980]()(Stationen deutscher Bankgeschichte 75 Jahre Bankenverband), (, 1979/9, 1979/11, 1980/2 ) [2003] [1976] [2003] FRTC Vol

米国における金融・資本市場改革の展開

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