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1 S C B SHINKIN CENTRAL BANK TEL FAX FDIC New York

2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) S&L (1) (2) (3) S&L (4) (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) 2 New York

3 ROA 1.37% 9, , , , New York

4 FDIC ,600 1,300 S&L 363 S&L 7 1, S&L 1, New York

5 (ID) NV 5 New York

6 : FDIC 6 6 New York

7 80 S&L S&L OPEC S&L SL MMMF 7 New York

8 S&L FHLB FISLIC TX MMMMF CP 8 New York

9 FDIC GDP GDP GDP GDP S&L S&L 9 New York

10 , S&L FDIC New York

11 OPEC OPEC , (20) New York

12 New York

13 1982 S&L New York

14 FRB FDIC FDIC 20 FDIC FDIC 38 4,180 FDIC 1989 M New York

15 FDIC FDIC FDIC JP FDIC FDIC FDIC FDIC FDIC 15 New York

16 (SBA) New York

17 New York

18 YMCA New York

19 FDIC FDIC 19 New York

20 24 50 ( ) 20 New York

21 New York

22 26 27 S&L New York

23 PNC FDIC too big too fail 28 FDIC FDICIA (2) S&L S&L S&L S&L New York

24 MMMF (123 ) MMMF 1981 FDIC 25 FDIC FDIC New York

25 / ROE= ROE=ROA ROA= 25 New York

26 ROE (Co-operative Bank) S&L S&L FDIC 26 New York

27 The Co-operative Central Bank 1932 SIF FDIC 10 1,100 FDIC 10 SIF FDIC New York

28 BIS New York

29 FDIC FDIC 10 FDIC FDIC FDIC 10 FDIC 20 FDIC FDIC 18 FDIC FDIC 20 FDIC FDIC FDIC ( ) 8090 ROE New York

30 20 30 New York

31 ROE EPS P/E New York

32 80 S&L % 8.1% % m 2 1,296 m S&L New York

33 S&L S&L 80 S&L , FDIC New York

34 New York

35 35 New York

36 S&LSavings and Loan Association 19 S&L S&L Savings Bank S&L S&L 1930 S&L FDIC ,600 1, $1=110 S&L 1, S&L 1, S&L S&L 89 S&L 36 New York

37 S&L S&L S&L S&L S&L 96 S&L S&L S&L 2 S&L 2030 S&L ( It s a Wonderful Life) S&L S&L S&L CEO 54 S&L New York

38 55 70 OPEC 1980 S&L FSLIC S&L 4,000 6,040 S&L S&L 1989 S&L FHLB FRB S&L FHLB S&L DC FHLBB S&L S&L S&L FSLIC FHLBB FDIC S&L FHLBB S&L S&L S&L FHLB FHLB S&L FHLB S&L % New York

39 % 70 MMMF S&L S&L MMMF S&L S&L FSLIC S&L 4 S&L 532 9%FSLIC S&L FSLIC 259 S&L 59 S&L 80 DIDMCA82 (GS ) S&L S&L S&L GS S&L S&L S&L S&L S&L DIDMCA New York

40 S&L S&L DIDMCA FHLBB FHLBB FHLBB 80 GAAP S&L Regulatory Accounting Principles(RAP) S&L GAAP RAP 10 FHLBB S&L S&L S&L S&L S&L 1984 RAP S&L 71 RAP GAAP S&L 374 GAAP S&L S&L S&L 1984 RAP 3.7 GAAP S&L 80 S&L 80 S&L S&L S&L S&L S&L DIDMCA GS S&L 63 S&L 40 New York

41 S&L S&L FSLIC S&L S&L 1984 GDP S&L S&L S&L S&L FHLBB S&L S&L S&L 10 25% S&L 67 S&L S&L S&L FSLIC 268 S&L S&L S&LFSLIC S&L S&L 41 New York

42 S&L S&L 69 S&L S&L S&L 1980 FHLBB ,385 FHLBB , ,210 S&L , FHLB 1983 FRB S&L S&L S&L 1984 S&L FHLBB 24,775 OCC 30,764FDIC 32,505FRB 37,900 FHLBB S&L 72 S&L FHLBB FHLBB S&L New York

43 85 S&L FHLBB 73 FHLBB 1985 FHLBB S&L 1986 S&L 6 88 FHLBB BIS S&L 1987 S&L 80 S&L S&L S&L 1989 S&L FSLIC FSLIC S&L S&L S&L S&L S&L 43 New York

44 S&L FSLIC S&L 77 S&L 50 S&L S&L FSLIC FSLIC S&L P&A FSLIC P&A ( FDIC 78 ) 1988 FSLIC 179 S&L P&A FHLBB 1991 S&L S&L S&L S&L FHLBB FHLBB RAP GAAP FSLIC 1986 S&L 44 New York

45 1984 S&L S&L S&L US League of Savings Institutions Competitive Equality Banking Act 1989 FIRREA(Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989) S&L FHLBB FSLIC S&L OTS S&L RTC S&L FHLB OTS S&L FHLB FHLBB FHFB S&L QTL S&L 1998 QTL FHLB S&L S&L S&L S&L S&L S&L S&L S&L 80 1, FDICIA S&L S&L S&L S&L S&L 45 New York

46 S&L S&L S&L 1984 S&L FHLB S&L 131 FHLBB S&L S&L 1987 FHLBB S&L S&L FHLB S&L S&L S&L S&L S&L S&L 46 New York

47 85 Grant S&L 80 S&L USAA S&L S&L: S&L S&L S&L 100 S&L S&L S&L S&L 23 Savings and Loan 37 Savings and Loan S&L S&L 87 FHLBB S&L S&L 1980 S&L S&L 47 New York

48 S&L FDIC1997 S&L S&L S&L S&L 18 S&L S&L S&L S&L 80 S&L White1991 FDICIA 48 New York

49 FSLIC 88 FHLBBFHLB S&L S&L 70 S&L 82 S&L S&L S&L S&L S&L New York

50 FIRREA 1991 FDIC FDICIA S&L S&L GDP New York

51 FDIC Duncan FDIC New York

52 FDIC ,100 1,200 $1= New York

53 ROA 7.25 ROA FDIC FDIC FDIC FDIC 53 New York

54 FDIC 99 ROA 100 FDIC New York

55 21 FDIC FDIC FDIC 102 BIS 55 New York

56 S&L FSLIC New York

57 FDIC REIT GDP 57 New York

58 S&L 1980 DIDMCA S&L S&L New York

59 S&L S&L S&L 59 New York

60 Myers & Spong S&L ALM 60 New York

61 61 New York

62 FDIC GDP 107 X = G N R U R G: GDP (0.336)N:X-3 (0.003)R:X U: P GDP 95 R New York

63 FDIC Adams, J. R., The Big Fix: Inside the S&L Scandal: How an Unholy Alliance of Politics and Money Destroyed America s Banking System, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1990 Chicago Tribune, State Conviction of S&L Boss Keating Over Turned He'll Remain in Jail under Federal Sentence, Chicago, Ill. Apr 4, 1996 Duncan, M.C. et al (FDIC), The Root Causes of Bank Failures, FDIC Working Paper, 2003 Eccles, J.L. & O Keefe, J. P., Understanding the Experience of Converted New England Savings Banks, FDIC Banking Review Vol.8 No.1, 1995 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), History of the Eighties Lessons for the Future, 1997 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), Managing the Crisis: The FDIC and RTC Experience, 1998 Grant, J. M. The Great Texas Banking Crash: An Insider s Account, University of Texas Press, Austin, 1996 Los Angeles Times, Keating Released After Five-Day Incarceration: Courts: Former Lincoln Savings Operator had stomach pumped after innately drinking shampoo, attorney says. Apr 2, 1998 Los Angeles Times, O.C. BUSINESS PLUS; High Court Leaves Keating's Victory in S&L Case Intact; Fraud: Former executive of Irvine-based Lincoln Savings wins his bid against state's attempt to reinstate convictions, Los Angeles, Calif. Oct 3, 2000 Myers, F & Spong, K., Community Bank Performance in Slower Growing Markets: Finding 63 New York

64 Sound Strategies for Success, Financial Industry Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, October 2003 Salmon, R. et al (FDIC), Costs Associated With Bank Failures, FDIC Working Paper 2003 White, L. J., The S&L Debacle Public Policy Lessons for Bank and Thrift Regulation, Oxford University Press, 1991 White, S. M.(FDIC), Impact of New Activities and Structures on Bank Failures, FDIC Working Paper 2003 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2002 New York New York New York New York New York New York

米国における金融・資本市場改革の展開

米国における金融・資本市場改革の展開 1980 DIDMCA 1982 1994 20 & 1989 FIRREA 1991 FDICIA 1999 11 12 Gramm-Leach- Bliley Act P.L.106-102, 113 STAT.1338 1933 Glass-Steagall Act P.L. 73-66, 48 STAT. 162 66 1980 1981 1980 1990 & Savings and Loan