2009 10 5 1980 36
------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ------------------------------------------ 4 ----------------------------------------------------- 4 ----------------------------------------------------- 6 --------------------------------------------- 6 e ---------------------------------------------- 7 -------------------------------------------------- 7 ------------------------------------------ 8 ----------------------------------------- 8 -------------------------------------------- 10 ---------------- 10 ----------------------------- 11 ----------------------------------- 12 ---------------------------------------------------- 12 ----------------------- 13 ------------------------------- 14 -- ------------------- 20 ----------------------------------------------------------- 20 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 --------------------------------------------------------------- 20 ----------------------------------------------- 20 1
2001 (GDP ) 2.5%(2006 ) 47.8% JETRO 1 2008 9 TOEFL 191 29 2 2 2 JETRO LONDON 1 13 2 HP http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chukyo/chukyo3/004/siryo/06040519/0 02-2/005.htm 2
2004 3 5 3
1. 2004 (World Trade Organization) ( )e WTO General Agreement on Trade I Service: GATS WTO e 1990 150 1995 270 1997 4
10 83 3 OECD 85 30 14% 13% 9% 7% 4% 8% 4 EU EU 2% 5% 1987 97 10 3000 80000 1988/89 62% 1997/98 49% 5 EU 6 Durham University 1990 4 1990 100 ( ) 7 3 DEST 2004 4 OECD 2004 5 DEST 2004 6 http://cob.rikkyo.ac.jp/j/programs/dogb.html 7 http://www.dur.ac.uk/%7edot0www/jap-intro.html 5
e e UCLA (50 ) UCLA 44 8 8 (Duke University) (MBA) 9 17 IBM AT&T(Cisco) (International Thomson) (Western Governors University)(Virtual University) 10 MIT Open University Florida State University (University of London Institute of Education) (Bandar Utama) (Twinning Arrangements) 11 (Hult Business School) 12 8 UCLA Extention.edu 2005 9 http://www.stanford.edu 10 2008 p.98 11 2008 p.98 12 Hult Business School HP http://www.hult.edu/ 6
2. 1980 30 40 1980 (1991) 1 36 1990 7
8
2008 190 8 12 14 (Temple University) 1884 1982 260 13 14 15 1980 13 1991 14 1993 15 2008 9
1986 () 16 1992 2 18 1970 151 18 17 16 2008 p.191 17 151 1990 1 27 2-3 10
18 1992 2 3. A&M (1990 1994 ) 89 31 18 Chambers and Cummings 1990 11
14 170 69 19 20 TIC (1989 1991 ) (Bradley Smith) (Samuel Shepherd) (1990 1997 ) 600 40 (1989 ) 10% Robert J. Reinstein 19 1990 3 16 9-11 20 (2008), 196-198 12
20 ( ) 1991 2 (Association of American Colleges and Universities in Japan: AACUJ) 1990 6 (i) 21 21 J 2007 3 14 ( 2008 p.198) 13
(ii) (bachelor) (iii) (iv) 14
(v) (vi) 4. 20 22 22 21 15
23 (Temple University Japan: TUJ) (Temple Nippon, Inc.) 1996 TUJ 24 TUJ (2007 ) 720 40 150 270 120 680 1,000 3,000 15 TUJ 51% 49% TUJ 52% 48% 40 59% 27% 14% TUJ TUJ TUJ TUJ TUJ TUJ TUJ TUJ 23 Chambers and Cummings 1990 24 25 (2007 ) http://www.tuj.ac.jp/newsite/main/about/factsheetj.html 16
TUJ 2 400 2003 05 482 06 577 07 717 2005 2 05 TUJ ( ) 2002 2005 25 1,300 1,500 07 2,000 TUJ 1990 10 TUJ 17
TUJ 2002 10 TUJ 2003/04 5. ( ) WTO (Offshore Programs) e e 18
WTO ( Bannell with Pearce 1998 ) 1996/97 135,000 49.7% 22.6% 12.1% 7.4% 6.3% 2003 25 1990 1996 2001 26 (39 37 ) 2003 1,500 25 British Council 2004 26 OECD 2004 19
2004 1 23% 44,000 13 20
(2008) 1 (2008 ) (2002 11 19 ) (i) 2000 9 2002 450 650 700 2,000 16 31,000 25,500 MBA 44,500 ( 140 ) 2005 (ii) 1996 21
25% (iii) 2004 (iv) 25% ( Higher Education Funding Council for England HEFCE ) HEFCE (2002 11 18 ) (i) 1998 23 1,700 (2002 ) 250 ( 1 2 ) 102 2 20,000 60 25,000 80 22
(ii) 25 (iii) 1 2 (iv) 25 6. 1980 27 27 2005 23
2004 24
7. e 2004 ( ) 8. JETRO LONDON 25
JETRO LONDON 26
2003 WTO 1999 WTO (1998 ) 1990 3 16 1991 1993 7 1991 JAPAN 56 p. 52-57 2008 151 1990 1 27 ( ) 2005 Bannell, P. with Pearce, T. 1998, The Internationalisation of Higher Education: Exporting Education to Developing and Transitional Economies. IDS Working Paper 75, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex. http://server.ntd.co.uk/ids/bookshop/details/asp?id=429 (2004.10.24) British Council 2004, Vision 2020: Forecasting International Student Mobility A UK Perspective. British Council. Chambers, G. S and Cummings, W. K. 1990, Profitting From Education: Japan United States International Ventures in the 1980s. Institute of International Education (1990 ). DEST (Australian Government, Department of Education, Science and Training) 2004, Study Abroad and Study Exchange Systems in Industrial Countries, release date 23 December. IDP Education Australia 2004, International Students in Australian Universities- Semester 1, 2004. IDP Education Australia. http://www.idp.com/marketingandresearch/research/internationaleducations tatistics/article411.asp (2004.10.24) OECD 2004, Internationalisation and Trade in Higher Education: 27
Opportunities and Challenges. Paris, OECD. UCLA Extention.edu 2005, UCLA Extension: Winter Quarter Begins January 7, 2006. 13 2008 2 19 http://www.jetro.go.jp/news/releases/20080219283-news/betten080219.pdf http://www.dur.ac.uk/%7edot0www/jap-intro.html 25 (2007 ) http://www.tuj.ac.jp/newsite/main/about/factsheetj.html HP http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chukyo/chukyo3/004/siryo/06040519/0 02-2/005.htm : http://cob.rikkyo.ac.jp/j/programs/dogb.html Hult Business School http://www.hult.edu/index Stanford University http://www.stanford.edu 28