Policy Study No. 3 新 ビジネスモデルによる 日 本 企 業 の 強 さの 変 革 - 科 学 技 術 新 産 業 創 造 立 国 実 現 へのシナリオ - 1999 年 5 月 日 本 語 版 全 文 科 学 技 術 庁 科 学 技 術 政 策 研 究 所 第 1 研 究 グループ 前 田 昇

21 1

20 11 IT 11 12 IT 13 18 20 25 2 27 31 34 36 2

37 39 40 43 47 49 51 53 55 56 7 57 60 62 64 67 68 68 72 74 74 79 80 3

4

1980 Japan as No.1 1990 MITI 1 360 1971 1 280 180 1970 1980 Kaizen JIT TQC Maid in Japan 5

What How What How How 6

1 1 360 MITI 1979 10 1989 1991 1500 1600 2000 1988 1991 GDP 70 1997 5 7

1980 10 21 92 10 15 8

50 20 30 40 5% E-Business Catch-up 9

10 20 18 3 10 20 1990 1 360 1996 5 2010 2000 1990 1980 1970 1960 1950 1940 1930 1920 15 20 25 35 1933 10

25 1985 1 280 180 1980 1980 10 20 10 20 400 2.5 11

5 20 30 1998 6 1,500 12 1,500 80 1 100 1.2 2002 e 3,500 40 1 180 12

Do Better Do Different 13

. 1988 20 5 000 40 5 000 20 4 1 29

40 15% 30

21 10 10 1997 700 4 4 10 17 200 200 30 30 200 31

32 How What 50 5 20 4 2

1994 CEO FORD2000 FORD FORD FORD FORD 33

FORD 1967 FORD 1979 1984 1970 20 34

35 3 1 2 1970 1980 2025

1997 5 400 GE 17% 31% 24 15 24 5 30 24 36

50 Not Invented Here 50 25 e- VHS 37

1991 8 3.5 60 2 40 1980 38

. How What How What 39

STRATEGY VS KAIZEN Prof. M.Porter says: Japan has no Strategy. What What How MITI KAIZEN JIT 40

IT Silicon Valley SONY ABB GE-Capital + + 41 +

Closed Open Closed Open 42

4 20 200 32 Closed Solid Vertical Open Network Module 43

Closed Solid Vertical Open Network Module 44

SERVER CLIENT MODEL Architect & Agent Infrastructure 45

1 125 80 70 IT OS 46

Device LSI LCD Storage Fine Hardware Terminals Network Economy Contents 47

LSI Open Network Module Technology Home Service 48

IT Value ( ) : IT + Finance + Services (Financial Engineering) ( ) : IT + Manufacturing + Services (Architectural Engineering) 49

Set Top Box 50

4 IT 1980 5 10 51

10 Cost Lead time Quality IT Open Entrepreneur Service Module University Japan USA 52

40 11 50 53

Catch Catch up Model Model Catch-up 12 54

Fair Environment 55

. How to Improve 5 3 56

1980 57

58 21 5 10 I T

1 1 5 6 30 59

20 IT 60

10 20 15 2003 37 What How What How 61

How 20 30 62

IPO 10 20 70 HIS 1998 12 21 50 63

64 9 50 2 50 1970 1970 1988 1974 1987 1940 ** 46 58 ** 47 61 ** 48 57 48 82 ** 48 62 ** 49 64 ** 50 63 1950 ** 55 89 57 41 ** 57 70 ** 59 71 * 60 88 1960 ** 61 76 62 74 64 87 60 96 60 90 93 * 61 74 63 86 64 86 92 ** 66 86 66 92 66 88 68 96 * 68 80 * 68 89 69 85 69 80 * 66 78 ** 68 78 ** 67 86 1970 70 94 71 89 72 72 85 72 89 * 73 88 73 95 73 96 ** 73 88 73 88 73 ** 74 87 72 87 72 88 93 72 88 ** 74,- 86 74,- 88 * 73 88 95 75 91 75 90 75 90 75 94 ** 76 86 76 76 88 76 85 76 95 76 87 * 76 87 76 90 76 93 * 77 89 76 96 1980 80 88 80 91 * 80 81 94 81 97 80 95 80 92 ** 81 88 * 82 * 81 83 82 90 96 82 94 ** 82 95 82 87 82, 87 82 92 * 83 90 83 87 83 96 ** 84 91 ** 84 86 84 91 85 96 * 86 94 86 96 86 95 86 93 87 92 94 88 94 88 96 89 95 1990 90 95 90 96 90 94 90 96 91 96

1999 65

SBIR 66

67

68

13 5 6 44 2003 69

15 44 45 70

51 52 71

The New High Tech Entrepreneurs in line with The Five Circles Model IPO 49 90 70 16 D 57 90 98 90 60 VLSI JAFCO 51 92 40 95 LSI 98 LSI 46 83 97 500 110 55 72 97 150 66 62 84 370 300 LSI 98 72

21 1 73

2004 2001 1 2 1 74

1983 1997 4,000 1,200 1,200 9,000 2.5 1997 1,200 3 SBIR 15 SBIR NISTEP 7 75

100 76

EQUAL FAIR 20 30 77

53 78

10 55 2 79

10 80

2 3 81

82 (enterprise), (entrepreneur) IT ABB ABB GE ABB

BT ATT ERATO 40 83

10 21 25 32 STRATEGY KAIZENN 38 40 PC 41 42 Server Client Model 43 44 Open Network Module 46 47 10 50 11 52 12 53 54 54 56 60 61 68 73 75 75 76 84

90 Managing Across Borders 89 Bartlett&Ghoshal HBS Press 95 J 97 BP 88 95 86 98 BP 96 95 85 83 98 95 97 98 98 98 High Tech Start Up 97 John Nesheim Saratoga 98 28 49 85 97 96 85