2001 1 2 117
3.14 1991 1996 118
3 International Association for the Evaluation of Education Achievement IEA 4 1995 4 26 3 1999 38 5 2 41 3 95 99 2 119
40 1964 37 10 33 1999 39 1995 99 95 IEA 48 72 55 79 26 11 41 20 portfolio 5 120
52 54 0.3 2 13.5 6 121
4 2 1960 2 3 1970 4 122
2000 2000 11 17 2001 1 25 6 2002 2 1 2002 1 17 5 7 5 3 123
94 3 46 5 3 23 10 1 2 3 3 124
7 125
126 11 2001 2005 2002 LAN
2004 2001 90 100 100 9 100 11 E 11 300 12 300 13 580 10 100 30 60 13 78 22 E Web 127
128 8
CSCL Computer Support for Collaborative Learning 129
e-learning e-learning LAN 130
1 2001 2 2001 2002 3 2001 4 2001 5 Puckett, M. B., & Black, J. K.. Authentic Assessment of the Young Child. Macmillan College Publishing Company, 1994, p. 198 6 2001 7 1993 8 http://www.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/organization/fukuyama/acid-rain/index.html 131