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This thesis is the one that how the fishing village society in Japan accepted a new child welfare system is examined. Three welfare laws (Public Assistance Law, children s welfare act, and Law for the Welfare of Physically Disabled Persons) that had been enacted under a new constitution in the 1945 s had a big influence on the history of the welfare of Japan. Especially, the approval of the system of children s welfare act (children s welfare act, School Education Law, and Labor Standards Law) greatly changed the idea to the child in Japan till then. However, there was a peculiar child protection system to Japan that suited life in the labor realities at that time and the region in Japan of prewar days. It is written in this thesis that the process was analyzed the regional society in Japan accepted a very new child protection system. The episode of [kajiko] event in the fishing village is caught and raised. The [kajiko] event expresses a social conflict of the history at the turn well.