1 ODM 1980 PC 1990 26 36 ODM PC Ernst and Guerrieri 1998, Borrus and Zysman 1997 1990 PC OEM ODM 37 36 1 2 1990-2000 37 PC 1990 OEM original equipment manufacturing, ODM original design manufacturing,
1990 PC ODM PC LCD PC OEM/ODM 2003 3 96% 77 94 2004 ODM PC ODM 1990 ODM ODM ODM 1 PC 2 ODM 1990 3 PC ODM ODM PC 38 1 PC 2 ODM 2003 10 2004 PC 38 1990 2005
39 1. PC 1980 PC IBM Acer Mitac Inc. International Corp. PC 1995 7 1980 PC 1998 3-8 1 1991 2001 PC PC 2 1986 1995 2003 PC 20 1986 39 1999 2001
PC 1991,2001 1991 1950 1951-60 1961-70 1971-75 1976-80 1981-85 1986-91 951 1 7 17 36 68 217 605 146 1 0 2 9 13 44 77 80 3 8 4 8 16 41 204 1 2 7 17 49 128 340 3 1 12 17 68 239 181 0 4 4 13 40 120 2001 1950 1951-60 1961-70 1971-75 1976-80 1981-85 1986-90 1991-95 1996-2001 1,617 3 0 5 20 59 126 418 427 559 185 1 4 8 17 42 37 76 87 1 8 9 16 23 30 435 1 2 7 17 27 113 105 163 643 1 2 5 15 43 174 190 213 267 1 3 11 30 73 72 77 1 2001 1991 91
2 (1986,95 ) PC 2003 20 100 PC 1986 1995 2003 PC PC 1 2) 5,198 649 62,517 3,788 292,288-5,232-2 (Wyse) 4,682 1,500 26,399 2,581 162,225-5,409-3 Digital Equipment 3,427 980 26,311 1,478 81,578-2,087-4 3,178 1,029 20,811 3) 1,870 77,727-3,887-5 2,972 1,060 18,220 2,352 68,996 83,644 N.A. 5,842 6 2,744 1,526 17,499 1,011 48,982-2,438-7 1,557 417 Digital Equipment 16,217 1,636 45,267 74,429 N.A. 7,460 8 1,475 800 16,139 1,357 39,575-1,261-9 1,326 266 15,547 1,408 30,607-1,172-10 1,036 396 14,676 N.A. 28,903 99,667 N.A. 30,000 11 925 750 14,613 1,419 26,240-1,222-12 920 120 12,759 1,945 24,940-596 - 13 881 280 12,361 1,150 21,821-2,316-14 Qume) 852 431 10,914 1,462 19,728-904 - 15 713 300 10,805 1,025 18,758-987 - 16 707 325 10,023 1,023 11,289-393 - 17 676 230 9,587 1,400 10,730-978 - 18 644 340 8,763 904 6,397 13,525 N.A. 4,974 19 621 155 7,872 530 5,439-430 - 20 478 108 7,684 826 5,078-315 - TOP500 5000 1 1986,1995,computer&peripheral 2003 PC,computer manufacturing) 20 1986,96 PC 40,869( 11,500 2003 PC 3) 2001 4) 2003 PC AV PC
1 2 1986-2003 PC PC 2000 1995 199 11.8% 1995-2000 34 1995 1990 PC 1992 Compaq Computer Corporation 1990 PC EMS 1980 1990 PC 1990 PC OEM/ODM 1993 117 1995 9
10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 PC 1986 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000 2002 1) 1993 2 AV 1991 (2001 ) 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 20.0 18.0 1986 88 1990 92 94 96 98 2000 02 2001 HS8471(84719230,84691020,84733021
1990 PC OEM/ODM 3 1982 1990 PC PC PC PC 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 3 PC 1982 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000 2002 PC 1990 ODM
1990 1990 PC 2001 PC PC PC 1-2 2000 PC 40 PC 2000 5486 2003 17 20 PC 32 70 IC LCD 2000 PC 2 PC ODM 2000 PC PC 3 3 1995 2000 2003 40 PC
OEM/ODM 2003 2003 8 PC 6 2003 2000 3 PC OEM ODM 1 PC PC 1995 27 65 57 N.A. 2000 53 70 54 25 2003 67 79 65 27 1995 79 N.A. 66 37 2 OEM ODM 2000 89 36 N.A. 82 2003 96 48 81 3 N.A. 1995 100 63 51 91 2000 94 52 12 16 2003 26 23 13 2 2000 6 46 56 45 2003 4 72 77 80 50 MIC IT IS 1) 2003 LCD 2) PC OEM/ODM 19 3) 4 2003
2003 PC OEM/ODM PC OEM/ODM 2002 2 HP PC 95 87 4 41 PC OEM/ODM HP 100 87 13 100 95 5 24 24 0 IBM 40 25 25 148 2004 NB 2003 10 1 1990 PC ODM 41 4 PC 4 HP IBM 2002 512004
42 3-4 PC 2 PC ODM ODM PC PC ODM 1 1990 PC 2 1990 3 1. PC 13 5 2 PC 2003 20 PC 42 1999 156
PC PC PC PC PC PC 13 IT Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd. PC 43 5 1998 12 10 1995 20 Quanta Computer Inc. Compal Electronics, Inc. First International Computer, Inc. 2001-2002 ODM 1990 1980 PC 1990 1990 ODM PC 43 2004 TOP5000 electronic passive devices 2004 5 1 1000 PC PC 2005 2 18 A6
5 PC 2003 20 PC 1997 1997-98 2003-042003-04 ( 1 ) ( ) ) OEM/ODM OEM/ODM 1974 1991 38.9 57.1 Dell, HP, Apple(DT NB Dell, HP,NEC,, 1988 1999 60.0 43.2 NB 95% IBM HP,IBM, 1984 1992 31.8 36.4 NB 64% NB DEC HP 1975 1996 20.3 32.9 NB 83% NB HP, Dell,HP,,, NB 31% NB 62%, NB IBM, 24% DT10% IBM,Dell,HP, 1950 1962 6.8 7.9 DT 42% DT HP HP,eMachine DT 1979 1991 51.9 11.4 NB 13% NB NEC NEC,, NB HP DT 1990 1996 95.2 49.2 1982 1990 10.5 16.2 NB 20%, DT70% DT HP, DT 60%, HP,Dell DT 28% 1989 1998 96.3 43.0 NB 95% NB,Vobis NB 78% HP, NEC, (BENQ) 1989 2002-82.2 NB 98%,NEC CI 1998 2004 ( - - 1983 1997 35.9 5.3 NB 100% NB Trigem 1984 1997 13.1 1.0 NB 100% NB HP,,, NEC N.A. [2003] [1999:p.62,69] [1999 p.156 4.12] [2004] [2005:p.36 1-6] 1) 1990-94 1996-2002 2 NB PC DT PC PC 3) 2001 2003 1981 (1988) 1976
1990 PC 1997 2003-04 OEM/ODM ODM PC PC PC Tatung Co. Wistron Corporation PC PC Inventec Corporation Arima Computer Corporation Clevo Company Twinhead International Corporation 44 1990 5 1996-2002 4 30-40 5 1 PC 44 PC 1998 DEC DEC
PC 2000 PC Asustek Computer Inc. PC 2. 1990 PC 1990 2002 1990 1990 6 2003 PC 13 1990-2002 11 45 1990 12 1990 1 2002 0.1% 4 PC 1990 OEM/ODM 45 1990 1994 1998
6 100 11 1990 1994 1998 2002 11 5,576 8,089 11 12,315 11,640 11 39,340 23,160 10 61,024 44,503 11 2,247 5,293 11 2,711 6,391 11 5,631 7,201 10 5,736 7,709 7 4,100 7,591 11 2,532 5,128 11 4,239 5,257 10 3,206 2,347 11 18.6 4.8 11 11.2 6.4 11 13.0 7.0 10 8.0 3.6 11 7.2 4.1 11 4.7 6.1 11 7.4 9.0 10 1.8 4.7 1) 8 1.0 1.0 11 0.3 0.2 11 0.2 0.2 10 0.1 0.2 2) 8 3.0 1.9 11 1.9 1.1 11 1.7 0.9 10 1.9 1.0 1990 1994 1998 2002 4 12,103 11,189 4 23,355 13,584 4 51,906 31,100 3 43,726 21,109 4 5,671 8,287 4 6,540 10,254 4 10,444 11,074 3 10,922 13,800 4 6,345 9,971 4 5,698 8,144 4 7,455 8,266 3 3,498 2,757 4 18.5 3.2 4 10.1 3.2 4 8.7 1.0 3 6.9 1.5 4 5.8 1.7 4 2.4 1.7 4 1.3 2.9 3-0.3 1.5 1) 3 1.9 0.8 4 0.4 0.1 4 0.5 0.1 3 0.2 0.2 2) 3 3.6 2.2 4 1.9 0.5 4 2.1 0.6 3 2.7 0.8 PC 1990 1994 1998 2002 4 2,001 1,537 4 6,977 2,769 4 41,681 9,069 4 95,561 40,765 4 385 275 4 589 466 4 3,097 1,184 4 3,565 2,026 2 1,307 410 4 817 480 4 2,716 1,088 4 3,179 1,392 4 18.4 7.1 4 11.6 4.4 4 14.7 3.2 4 7.4 2.5 4 5.7 2.3 4 5.5 1.9 4 11.3 4.3 4 3.7 1.9 1) 2 0.2 0.1 4 0.2 0.1 4 0.0 0.1 4 0.0 0.0 2) 2 4.3 0.6 4 2.3 1.5 4 1.3 0.7 4 1.2 0.2 PC 1990 1994 1998 2002 2 2,345 839 2 5,390 825 2 11,595 2,292 2 7,132 2,713 2 243 251 2 523 212 2 2,406 519 2 1,351 316 1 707. 2 757 107 2 1,415 81 2 789 271 2 17.4 5.0 2 5.5 6.9 2 8.8 0.8 2 6.6 4.4 2 8.2 5.1 2-0.2 6.7 2 1.7 3.1 2-2.6 8.1 1) 2 1.0 0.8 2 0.5 0.5 2 0.2 0.1 2 0.2 0.1 2) 2 1.2 1.6 2 0.9 1.2 2 1.8 2.3 2 2.0 2.1 1) 2) 1
1990 PC ODM 1 3 6 PC 4 1990 4 PC 6 1 2000 2002 1990 PC PC 4 46 4 PC PC 1990 PC PC PC 46 2003-04 ODM HP 3 1997 PC 2004,333-335 2004,382
4 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 PC 968 27 2003 2004 5 1 43 PC 2 1992 1994 2002 13 1 3 3 PC 1996 0.1% 4 PC ODM
PC 1990 1 1 PC OEM/ODM 1990 PC 3 30 40% 4 PC 3ODM 1990 PC PC 1990 PC 1990 PC ODM PC 1990 1990
PC PC 1990 1992 277-284 47 PC 281 4 OEM/ODM 48 PC 1990 OEM/ODM 47 1990 PC 48 4 PC 2001, 2002
LEO PC 1999 215 4 1980 1990 PC 1990 49 IBM OEM/ODM PC OEM/ODM ODM PC ODM 50 ODM PC 2 PC 1994 226 PC 1990 PC 1999 155 51 PC 1990 49 PC OEM/ODM 1995 309-310 50 1997 PC PC 51 ODM 1998 30%
2001 OEM 1990 52 ODM 3 ODM 1990 ODM PC ODM 2 1. ODM EMS 53 PC ODM 52 1999 157 1997 220 1998 263-266 53 PC EMS PC IBM EMS 2004
PC ODM PC PC 1990 PC ODM PC ODM PC ODM IBM LG EMS LCD IC PC ODM PC PC PC ODM 2004 78-79 ODM PC ODM
2. Curry and Kenney 1999 PC beating the clock PC PC ODM ODM EMS 5 PC ODM PC 2000 8 10 6 2004 1
PC C 9 7 4.5 4.0 2004 ODM 5 PC ODM 1500 2003 130 2003 1500 2004 3 2003 54 ODM 55 54 5 612 2003 55 PC ODM
ODM PC 5 PC 2004 115 ODM IBM HP ODM 2001 260-261 PC ODM BTO build to order CTO configuration to order 2004 8
95 5 95 98 3 983 2004 1 2-3 ODM ODM 10 3 2 2004 226-227 ODM 3 ODM ODM ODM OEM ODM ODM 2004 2004 14-4 ODM
ODM ODM 5 ODM ODM NB1 NB6 6 PC 2003 2004 5 1 7-8 2004 8 ODM 1990 PC ODM 1 1990 OEM/ODM 2 1990
PC ODM 1990 3 ODM ODM PC ODM ODM ODM PC PC PC ODM ODM LCD 1990
ODM 56 ODM ODM PC 2001-2002 ODM 2004 640 30 HP IBM 5 57 2001 BenQ AV PC PC Asus ODM PC ODM 56 2004 23-24 57 http://www4.gartner.com 2005 3 1
2005 IT IT. 1998 39 12. 2005 16 2 2005. 2001. 2002. 2003 900 No.695 2003 10 15. 2004. Borrus, Michael and John Zysman 1997 Wintelism and the Changing Terms of Global Competition: Prototype of the Future?, BRIE Working Paper 96B, University of California, Berkeley. Curry, James and Martin Kenney 1999 Beating the Clock: Corporate Response to Rapid Change in the PC Industry, California Management Review, vol.42, no.1. Ernst, Dieter and Paolo Guerrieri 1998 International Production Networks and Changing Trade Patterns in East Asia: the Case of the Electronics Industry, Oxford Development Studies, vol.26, no.2.
. 1999. 1995 164 1995 11. 1998 195 1998. R.O.C.-Republic of Computers 1997. 2004. 2001 136. 2004 PCB. 1993 1993 12. 1999. 2004 148 2004 5. 2004 270 2004 9. 1994 150 1994 9. 2004 NB 269 2004 8. 2003
. 2004 Ni 273 2004 12. 2001 229 2001 4.