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1 JIL

2 vol

3 IT

4 20 OECD (1998) (2000) 2 Aghion et al. (1999) OECD

6 1.1 Kuznets U inverted U-shaped hypothesis GNP U Kuznets(1955) (1963) Ono and Watanabe1976Otsuki and Takamatsu Ono and Watanabe Otsuki and Takamatsu LTES (1986) 5 6 Ono and Watanabe Otsuki and Takamatsu 3

7 Ono and Watanabe (1976) 1970 Otsuki and 1996 (1974) (1976) Takamatsu (1978) (1987) (1995) (1978) 7 (1974) (1978) 4

8 (1986) GHQ (1974) Wada, R. (1975) Impacts of Economic Growth on the Size Distribution of Income: The Postwar Experience of Japan, in Japan Economic Research Center and Council of Asian Manpower Studies, Income Distribution, Employment and Economic Development in Southeast and East Asia, JERC and CAMS

10 (() ()) % %90 7.0% (()) % 16.2% 7

11 %90 3.4% (()) (() ) % 8

12 % 10% % (2000) 9

13 % % % % (1994) 17 p.p (1999) () 19 10

14 market income disposable income % 7.4% 2 30% % %

15 NEEDS-RADER 32.8% (1994) (1998) (2000) (2001) 24 12

16 (1998) p

18 : M. Sawyer(1976) (1994) 1980 (1992) (1994) 30 Sawyer(1976) 15

19 31 OECD 1983 Luxembourg Income Study LIS 25 LIS LIS (1998)p LIS 16

20 Atkinson et al.(1995) (2002) LIS

21 % 36% % 6.6% % % % 35.8% =(1)(2) (1) % 34 35

22 % 10% log(w)1og(wd9)1og(wd1) (WD9WD1)WD1 WD9 WD1 19

23 (2001) 20

24 % (1994)

25 a. b. a (1997) 1980 ( ) 22

26 % 94 64% % % compensating wage differentials 44 (1997) (1997) 47 (1998)

27 (1997) (2001) (2002) (1997)p.p (1997) (2000) 54 (1999) (2001) 24

28 IT 1980 IT IT % 58 IT % (1997) (2000) 56 (1997) Krueger(1993) 59 DiNardo and Pischke(1997) 60 Bartel and Sicherman(1999) 61 (2000) 62 (1999) 25

29 % 2 10% (2001)

30 (2001) 65 50% Atkinson et al.(1995) 66 (1998) (1999) (2001) 67 (2000) 27

31 Atkinson, Anthony B., Rainwater, L. and Smeeding, Timothy M. (1995) Income Distribution in OECD Countries, Social Policy Studies No.18, OECD. Aghion, Phillippe, Caroli, Eve and Garcia-Penalosa, Cecilia (1999) Inequality and Economic Growth: The Perspective of the New Growth Theories, Journal of Economic Literature Vol.37, December, pp Bartel, Ann P. and Nachum Sicherman (1999) Technological Change and Wages: An Inter-Industry Analysis, Journal of Political Economy, Vol.107, No.2, April, pp (1997) (1997) DiNardo, John E. and Jorn-Steffen Pischke (1997) The Returns to Computer Use Revisited: Have Pencils Changed the Wage Structure Too? Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.112, No.1, February, pp (1994) (1997) No.449, pp.2-12 (2000) (1994) (2001) No.494, pp (1998) No.456, pp (1990)? (1991) (2000) Vol.35, No.4, pp (2001) (1997) (1999) No.472, pp (1998) (2000) (2002) 90 28

32 (1999) 11 (2001) No.493, pp (2001) No.494, pp (2000) 12 Krueger, Alan B. (1993) How Computers Have Changed the Wage Structure: Evidence from Microdata, , Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.108, No.1, February, pp (2001) No.490 Kuznets, Simon (1955) Economic Growth and Income Inequality, American Economic Review, Vol.45 No.1, March, pp (1963) Quantitative Aspects of the Economic Growth of Nations, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol.11, No.2, pp (1993) 80 No.24, pp (1996) (1987) Vol.38, No.4, pp (1974) Vol.25, No.4, pp (1986) Vol.37, No.2, pp (2001),pp (1978) Vol.29, No.1, pp (1995) Vol.46, No.2, pp (1997) 2001 Discussion Paper (1997) (2002) No.501, pp No.142 (1998) 11 OECD(1998) Income Distribution and Poverty in Selected OECD Countries, Economic Department Working Papers No.189. (1994) (2002)? No.505, pp

33 (2000) No.481, pp (1998) No.480, pp.2-11 (2001) No., pp Ono, Akira and Watanabe, Tsunehiko(1976) Changes in Income Inequality in the Japanese Economy, Hugh Patrick ed. Japanese Industrialization and Its Social Consequences, University of California Press. (2000) No.480, pp (1999) (1994)1980 The Economic Studies Quarterly Vol.45, No.5, pp (2000)90 No.480, pp.2-11 (2001) (1997) (1999)? Vol.35, No.1, pp (2002) Otsuki, T. and Takamatsu, N. (1978) An Aspect of the Size Distribution of Income in Prewar Japan, Working Paper Series No.9, International Development Center of Japan. (2002) (1991) (2000) Sawyer, M. (1976) Income Distribution in OECD Countries, OECD Economic Outlook. (1999) 12, pp (2000) Vol.51, No.2, pp (2001) No.494, pp.2-15 (2001) No.500, pp (1998) (2000) No.480, pp

34 (1994) (1992) (1994) (1996) (1986) Vol.26, No.2 (1994) (1999) Vol.50, No.3, pp (2000) No.480, pp (1993) 31

36 ABC Gini Si i i qi i ri i household income wage earnings

37 market income household disposable income 4 6 a a : Atkinson et al.(1995, Table 2.1, pp.14) 1 wage earnings 34

38 W = D S E

Winter 図 1 図 OECD OECD OECD OECD 2003

Winter 図 1 図 OECD OECD OECD OECD 2003 266 Vol. 44 No. 3 I 序論 Mirrlees 1971 Diamond 1998 Saez 2002 Kaplow 2008 1 700 900 1, 300 1, 700 II III IV V II わが国の再分配の状況と国際比較 OECD Forster and Mira d Ercole 2005 2006 2001 Winter 08 267 図 1 図 2 2000 2