13080609020902010608 070208 811.111 090908 81.208ｨｪ0005 08.00. 08040800 ﾁ03010802 04ｨ 09. ｨｺｨ 0002010806ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ0609ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 070404ｨｺ0609 09ｨ ｨｦｨｺｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺ060006 000609ｨｮ01ｨ 0809ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ060006 ｨｮｨｪｨｨ09020809ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰｨ 05ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ 0708ｨ 09ｨ, 0106ｨｺｨｰ0608 00ｨｨ0506050600ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｪｨ ｨｮｨｺ, 070806000209090608, 00. 0608ｨｺｨｮｨｰ09ｨｺ e-mail: sashakr@hotmail.com 02.01. 09080809080108060108 09ｨｰｨ 0803ｨｨｨｦ 070802070601ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｺｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺ060006 000609ｨｮ01ｨ 0809ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ060006 ｨｮｨｪｨｨ09020809ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰｨ 05ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ 0708ｨ 09ｨ, 00. 0608ｨｺｨｮｨｰ09ｨｺ e-mail: olesyanb@yandex.ru 0802010106060600010407 080503030806 050300080106060806 0801010906070508020102 06010806010606060008 05ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ 00ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 070806ｨ 0502ｨｬｨ 0008ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 (09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ060006) 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨｪ0005ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺ060006 ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ06080602 0609ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ020607080201020502ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 09 ｨｰ02060802ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 09 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 0008ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ 01. 020205ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 07080201070605060302ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺ0600ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ04ｨｦ 070601010601 09 08ｨ ｨｬｨｺｨ 01 ｨｺ0600ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ020608ｨｨｨｨ 090802ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ 09ｨｨ01ｨ 09ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 0706ｨｬ06 ﾂｨｹ 05ｨｮ ﾂ0302ｨｬｨｮ 0706ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ. 080506 ﾂ02090402 09050609ｨ : 0008ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ, ｨｺ0600ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪｨ 07 0902ｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ, 070404ｨｺ0609ｨ 07 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨ07. A.V. KRAVCHENKO Doctor Habilis, Professor and Chair, Department of Foreign Languages, Baikal State University of Economics and Law, Irkutsk e-mail: sashakr@hotmail.com O.N. BAKLASHKINA Senior Instructor, Baikal State University of Economics and Law, Irkutsk e-mail: olesyanb@yandex.ru ON THE COGNITIVE SEMANTICS OF THE ENGLISH INFINITIVE It is argued that the grammatical (systemic) meaning of the English infinitive remains unspecified in current theoretical and applied grammar studies. It is suggested that a cognitive approach in the framework of the Cognitive Theory of Tense and Aspect may facilitate a better understanding of the meaning and function of the infinitive. Keywords: grammar, cognitive semantics, language function. 06ｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09 ｨ 0204 070802ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ 0409ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ04 09ｨ ｨｬ0401 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｬ0401 000608ｨｬ 0005ｨ 000605ｨ. 05 0601ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ060806ｨｪ04, 010507 ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｪ06 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 09 06ｨｰ090502 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 06ｨｰ 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴ020006 07080201ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ, ﾂｨｰ06 0708020908ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ 020006 09 0909060206ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ04ｨｦ 07080201ｨｬ02ｨｰ, 09ｨ 05ｨｨ03ｨ 07 0706 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ 09 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ. 05 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ 09ｨｰ060806ｨｪ04, ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09 08ｨ 0909ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 00 ﾂｨｨ09ｨｰ04ｨｦ03 0005ｨ 000605, 070609ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｮ 06ｨｪ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 090408ｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06090602, 09 06ｨｰ090502 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 06ｨｰ 020006 07080609ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06-090802ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｺ. 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0609ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ0208ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 090607080609 06 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 06ｨｰ08ｨ 03ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 09 ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ0902 0005ｨ 000605ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02000608ｨｨｨｨ, 090408ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｪ0402 09 07ｨ 08ｨ 01ｨｨ00ｨｬ02 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0401 000608ｨｬ, ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ0609ｨ 09ｨｰ020702ｨｪｨｹ 0005ｨ 000605ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ [17]. 020906ｨ 04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ02080209 ｨｺ ｨｨ09090502010609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ ｨｨ 020006 000608ｨｬ 060708020102050702ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 06ｨｪ 0709050702ｨｰ0907 090906020006 080601ｨ 0009ｨｰ0806ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｨｨ 0506ｨｬ03 010507 06ｨ 08ｨ 040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 0506ｨ 06ｨｦ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0205ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ 000608ｨｬ04 0005ｨ 000605ｨ [21]. 00 0906090802ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪ0005ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ 070404ｨｺ02 ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09 0708020109ｨｰｨ 090502ｨｪ 03ｨｨ0806ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 08070106ｨｬ 000608ｨｬ: 07080609ｨｰ06ｨｦ (ｨｪｨ 0708., to go), 0105ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ (to be going), 0702080002ｨｺｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ (to have gone) ｨｨ 070208-08 ｧ.ｧ. ｧｬｧ筴ﾑｧﾓｧ鬧ﾖｧﾟｧﾜｧ, ｧｰ.ｧｯ. ｧ ｧﾑｧﾜｧﾝｧﾑｧﾜｧﾚｧﾟｧﾑ, 2012 218
130002ｨｺｨｰｨｪ06-0105ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ (to have been going) ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09 09 ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｬ 04ｨ 05060002 ｨｨ 090606ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02 000608ｨｬ04 09 07ｨ 0909ｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｬ 04ｨ 05060002 (to be written, to have been written) 1. 0508.: Finally, MetalFX put together a sophisticated web-site, enabling printers around the world to go online and buy a licence 2. In the courtroom on Friday, Mr. Bruno sat with family members and nodded vigorously, even when the judges ｯ questions seemed to be going against him 3. Caroline did not know, or wish to know, how Nicole Masters spent her days. From their silent dinners, Caroline had the sense to have gone somewhere far away, until she would suddenly catch her mother watching her with veiled curiously 4. Early humans, possibly even prehuman ancestors, appear to have been going to sea much longer than anyone had ever suspected 5. 00The types of affluent voters who have been going to vote for Democrats are unlikely to be driven away by the prospect of higher taxes03, said Geoff Garin, a pollster for Democratic candidates 6. [Mr. Santorum ｯs] 00super PAC03 has narrowed Mr. Romney ｯs advertising advantage in Michigan, so this latest shift appears to have been driven mostly by his middling performance in the debate ｭ 7 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 0909020102ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ0902, 0708ｨｨ090601ｨｨｨｬ0402 09 ｨｰ02060802ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｨ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 0008ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ 01, ｨｪ060907ｨｰ, 09 0609ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ, 0607ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208 (ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907, ﾂｨｰ06 09050603ｨｪ0402 000608ｨｬ04 ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ 09 0802 ﾂｨｨ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｮ0706ｨｰ0802ｨ 050706ｨｰ0907 07ｨｺ06ｨ 04 ｨｨ04-04ｨ ｨｨ01 09050603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 1 0906ｨｰ07 07ｨ 0909ｨｨ09ｨｪ0402 000608ｨｬ04 to be being written ｨｨ to have been being written 00ｨｨ0706ｨｰ02ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ 090604ｨｬ0603ｨｪ04, 09 0906090802ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪ0005ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ 070404ｨｺ02 06ｨｪｨｨ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｮ0706ｨｰ0802ｨ 050706ｨｰ0907. 0108ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｨ 09 05ｨｮ ﾂ0302ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 06ｨ ｨｲ0709ｨｪ0706ｨｰ 05ｨｰ06 09050603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｦ 000608ｨｬ04, 0106ｨｰ07, 0706-09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｬｨｮ, 060008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｨ01 ｨｮ0706ｨｰ0802ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 010409ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｨｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, 070802010706050603ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06, ｨｺ06ｨｪ0005ｨｨｨｺｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｺ0600ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0902ｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨｨｺ06ｨｦ 0901060107ｨｴｨｨ01 09 ｨｨ01 090609ｨｰｨ 09 000608ｨｬ Present Participle ｨｨ Past Participle. 2 Financial Times. 2005. 16 March. 3 New York Times. 2011. 18 June. 4 Patterson R. The final judgment. N.Y., 1995. P. 181. 5 New York Times. 2010. 16 Febr. 6 Ibid. 2012. 20 Febr. 7 Ibid. 14 Febr. 08.00. 08040800 ﾁ03010802, 02.01. 09080809080108060108 ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｮ0106ｨ 09ｨｰ09ｨ 070806ｨｨ04ｨｪ020902ｨｪｨｨ07 ｪ ｨｪ06 090201ｨｹ 06ｨｪｨｨ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｨ, 0106ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 08020302, ﾂ02ｨｬ 07080609ｨｰ0402 000608ｨｬ04, ｨｮ0706ｨｰ0802ｨ 050706ｨｰ0907 0708ｨｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹｨｬ02!), ｨ 09070202ｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ 020006 ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02000608ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ060006 04ｨｪｨ - ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07, 08ｨ 09ｨｪ06 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 07080609ｨｰ0401 ｨｨ 09050603ｨｪ0401 000608ｨｬ, 0609ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ0907 0106 ｨｺ06ｨｪ02ｨ ｨｪ02 08ｨ 09ｨｺ0804ｨｰ06ｨｦ. 06ｨ ｨｺ, 09060005ｨ 09ｨｪ06 0008ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬ [5; 9; 16; 22; 23], 09 0708020105060302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 0904070605ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ 09050201ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02 0609ｨｪ0609ｨｪ0402 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ: 1) 070601050203ｨ ｨｴ020006: To see you will be nothing but a distress to me ｭ 8 ; It has been my good fortune to have been doing business with your company for the past few years and have found you to be consistently helpful, knowledgeable, friendly and yes, even kind 9 ; 2) 07080201ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨ : His sole aim in life is to make more money; 3) 09050603ｨｪ060006 0106070605ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07: He doesn ｯt like me to look at his correspondence 10 ; There was a time when clients liked you to be acting for other companies in there sector ｭ 11 ; 4) 0708ｨ 090609ｨｰ060806ｨｪｨｪ020006 (ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨｨｨｺ060001ｨ 0502090609ｨｰ060806ｨｪｨｪ020006) 0607080201020502ｨｪｨｨ07: The company announced plans to buy back 4bn worth of shares until 2006 ｭ 12 ; The only one to have derived any profit from the incident was Mansson 13 ; 5) 06ｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨ : To do that, Mr Cucchiani, a 55-year-old former McKinsey consultant, is building his 00own McKinsley internality03 14. 02ｨｰｨｬ02ｨｰｨｨｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0402 ｨ 09ｨｰ060804 ｨｪ02 0909020001ｨ 0901060107ｨｰ0907 0906 ｨｬｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 06ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨｨｦ, 0904070605ｨｪ0702ｨｬ0401 ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ0906ｨｬ 09 0708020105060302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ, ﾂｨｰ06 06ｨ ｨｲ0709ｨｪ0702ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ04090209ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ 070806ｨｰｨｨ09060802 ﾂｨｨ090609ｨｰｨｹ06 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ020802 ﾂｨｪ0401 ｨｺ05ｨ 0909ｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨｨｦ [14]. 0106 01ｨ 0302 020905ｨｨ 0708ｨｨｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ08ｨ 01ｨｨ02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｺ05ｨ 0909ｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨ06 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ 09 0708020105060302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ, 04ｨ 09ｨｺ06ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ 0609ｨｰｨ 06ｨｰ0907 060906ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｮ0706ｨｰ0802ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ07 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0401 000608ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ 09 ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ06ｨｦ 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ. 0308ｨｨ 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｬ06080006050600ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 07ｨ 08ｨ 01ｨｨ00ｨｬ04 ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ 090604ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 06ｨｰ 09060708060904: 00 ﾁ02ｨｬ 08ｨｮｨｺ0609060109ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 8 James H. The American. Penguin Books, 1995. P. 243. 9 www.astvtech.com. 10 Macdonald R. The Underground Man. Fontana / Collins, 1971. P. 21. 11 Financial Times. 2005. 20 Dec. 12 Ibid. 2004. 17 May. 13 Sjowall M., Wahloo P. The Laughing Policeman. L., 1973. P. 196. 14 Financial Times. 2005. 20 Dec. 219
131 James H. The American. Penguin Books, 1995. P. 243. 2 Sjowall M., Wahloo P. The Laughing Policeman. L., 1973. P. 196. 3 Maugham S. The Summing up. Penguin Books, 1992. P. 11. 080609020902010608 000609060807ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 0708ｨｨ 0904ｨ 060802 ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ06ｨｦ 000608ｨｬ04 ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ? 08ｨ ｨｺ0609 ｨｬ0201ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｬ 05ｨｰ060006 0904ｨ 0608ｨ? 05090704ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ 0907060906ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ 090409ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09 ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ06ｨｦ 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ 09 0708020105060302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 09 020006 000608ｨｬ06ｨｦ?03 ｨｨ ｨｰ.07. [1]. 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0601ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ04 05ｨｰｨｨ01 0906070806090609 0906090802ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ0402 0008ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｨ 06ｨｰ0902ｨｰｨ ｨｪ02 01ｨ 06ｨｰ, ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 070802030102, 07080601060503ｨ 02ｨｰ 0906 ｨｬｨｪ060006ｨｬ 0609ｨｰｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 0004ｨ 00ｨ 0106 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ 0706 09090602ｨｬｨｮ 0906090802ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02000608ｨｨ02ｨｦ 0005ｨ 000605ｨ 03 [15, 09. 128]. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 07080609ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09 ｨｮ0706ｨｰ0802ｨ 050702ｨｰ0907 0906 09090201 09040102050702ｨｬ0401 010507 ｨｪ020006 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨ0701. 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 020905ｨｨ 09 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ 070601050203ｨ ｨｴ020006 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0607080201020502ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｮ0706ｨｰ0802ｨ 0507ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｨ 09050603ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09, ｨｪｨ 0708.: To have eaten humble pie, to have been snubbed and patronised and satirised, and have consented to take it as one of the conditions of the bargain ｪ to have done this, and done it all for nothing, surely gave one a right to protest 1 ; The only one to have derived any profit from the incident was Mansson 2, ｨｰ06 09 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ 06ｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨ 020205ｨｨ 090604ｨｬ060302ｨｪ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 07080609ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09, ｨｪｨ 0708.: I write this book to disembarrass my soul of certain notions that have hovered about in it too long for my comfort 3, ｨｪ06 ｨｪ02 09050603ｨｪ04ｨｦ. 0308ｨｨ- ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ01 060008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 0609ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ020709ｨｪ06ｨｦ. 0102 ｨｪｨ 010601ｨｨｨｰ 09 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 0008ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ 01 01060503ｨｪ060006 06090902ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｺｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｬ06080006050600ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ 07ｨ 08ｨ 01ｨｨ00ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0401 000608ｨｬ 06ｨｰ08ｨ 03ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ02 0302 ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02000608ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0402 070806ｨｰｨｨ0906070609ｨｰｨ 090502ｨｪｨｨ07 0706 09ｨｨ01ｨｮ ｨｨ 04ｨ 050600ｨｮ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0402 000608ｨｬ04. 0208ｨｮ0006ｨｦ 090607080609, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨ ｨｬｨ 0008ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ 07 ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02000608ｨｨ07 09ｨｨ01ｨ 09 ｨｰ08ｨ 01ｨｨ02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ 070404ｨｺ0604ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ, ﾂｨｹｨｨ ｨｰ02060802ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ 060708020102050706ｨｰ0907 050600ｨｨｨｺ06-0902ｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 07ｨ 08ｨ 01ｨｨ00ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ, ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 070806ｨｰｨｨ09060802 ﾂｨｨ0906 ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｮ0106090502ｨｰ090608ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 [10; 11; 12; 18]. 0106 09ｨ ｨｬ06 0706 0902ｨ 02 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0602 09060907ｨ 0102ｨｪｨｨ02 06ｨｰｨｪ0601ｨｹ ｨｪ02 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｦｨｪ06, 06ｨｪ06 0909ｨｨ0102ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 06 ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｴ020006 ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02000608ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ060006 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｮ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0401 ｨｨ ｨｪ0205ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0401 000608ｨｬ, ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｴ020006 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ04ｨｦ 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208 [3]. 0102ｨｪ02ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09 09 01080209ｨｪ02ｨ ｨｪ0005ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ 070404ｨｺ02, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 09 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 000208ｨｬｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨ01 070404ｨｺｨ 01, 0708020109ｨｰｨ 09050702ｨｰ 0906ｨ 06ｨｦ 06ｨｰ0005ｨ 000605ｨｹｨｪ0602 ｨｨｨｬ07, 06ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 09030202, 07060106ｨ ｨｪ06 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｬ, 07ｨ 08ｨ 01ｨｨ00ｨｬ06ｨｦ 09ｨｺ0506ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 [6; 8]. 05 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 090802ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0402 000608ｨｬ04 09ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨ05ｨｨ09ｨｹ 09 07080201ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 000608ｨｬｨ ｨｬｨｨ 0005ｨ 000605ｨ ｨｬ06080006050600ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ 09ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ, 0106ｨｰ07 ｨｨ ｨｪ02 09 0601ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｺ060906ｨｦ 09ｨｰ020702ｨｪｨｨ 09 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0401 070404ｨｺｨ 01 [7]. 07ｨｪｨｨ09020809ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ 08ｨ 040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨｰ 0005ｨ 000605ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺ0608ｨｪ020906ｨｦ ｨｬ06080002ｨｬ04, 0201ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0906 0502ｨｺ09ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ 0201ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0906 09 ｨｮ0708ｨ 090502ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ04ｨｬ ﾂ0502ｨｪ06ｨｬ 09050609060906 ﾂ02ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 0709050706ｨｰ0907 06ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ 010507 ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ ｨｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0401 000608ｨｬ ｨｨ 0905ｨｮ03ｨ ｨｰ 06ｨ ｨｲ0201ｨｨｨｪ0706ｨｴｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ06ｨｬ, 09 ｨｰ06 090802ｨｬ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 06ｨｰ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 06ｨｰｨｪ020902ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ ｨｺ 05ｨｨ02ｨｮ ｪ ｨ 0002ｨｪ09ｨｮ 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ020506 090609ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨｰ0102050702ｨｰ 020006 06ｨｰ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0401 000608ｨｬ 0005ｨ 000605ｨ. 03ｨｴ02 ｨｪ02 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ 01ｨ 09ｨｪ06 (0706 ｨｨ09ｨｰ0608ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ0208ｨｺｨ ｨｬ) 07ｨ 08ｨ 01ｨｨ00ｨｬｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0401 000608ｨｬ 0005ｨ 000605ｨ ｨ 0405ｨ 000608ｨ 040106 ｨ 0201ｨｪ0202. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 04ｨ 05060006090602 070806ｨｰｨｨ0906070609ｨｰｨ 090502ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｮ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 050601ｨ 050609ｨｹ 09 09080201ｨｪ02ｨ ｨｪ0005ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ 070208ｨｨ060102 (XIｨCXV 0909.), ｨｪ06 05ｨｰｨ 0607070604ｨｨ02ｨｨ07 ｨ 0405ｨ ｨｪ020708ｨｺ06 090408ｨ 0302ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06 ｨｮ0706ｨｰ0802ｨ 0507050907 09 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 07ｨ 0909ｨｨ09ｨｪ060006 ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ ; 000608ｨｬ04 Progressive ｨｨ Perfect Progressive 09ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 06ｨｺ06ｨｪ ﾂｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 09060305ｨｨ 09 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨｨ0106090802ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 000608ｨｬ 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202 XVIIIｨCｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 0502 XIX 09. [4; 6], 09040409ｨ 09 ｨｺ 03ｨｨ04ｨｪｨｨ 090606ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02 000608ｨｬ04 ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ. 00 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ 07ｨ 08ｨ 05050205ｨｨ04ｨｬ02 07080609ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 0709ｨｪｨ 07 04ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ, ｨｪ06 09 ﾂ02ｨｬ 06ｨｪｨ 090609ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｺ0600ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ0201ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｬｨ ｨｬｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｮ090506090502ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ ｨｲ0709ｨｪ02ｨｪｨ 0008ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｪ ｨｰ.02. ﾂ02080204 090606ｨｰｨｪ020902ｨｪｨｨ02 0008ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09 0607080201020502ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 09ｨｨ0106ｨｬ 04ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02000608ｨｨ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ060006 09 080200ｨｮ050708ｨｪ06ｨｬ 070806ｨｰｨｨ0906070609ｨｰｨ 090502ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0005ｨ 000605ｨｹｨｪ0401 000608ｨｬ, 06ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ 04ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨｨ [20], ｪ 05ｨｰ06 ｨｰ02 09060708060904, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ06080402 ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 06ｨｰ0902ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ, 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ 08ｨ 0909ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ 07 070404ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 060906ｨ 04ｨｦ 09ｨｨ01 ｨｺ0600ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｦ 010207ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｴ02ｨｦ 0608ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｮ06 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨ06 [19]. 00 02020506ｨｬ 0302, ｨｨ0901060107 ｨｨ04 ｨｺ0600ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ020608ｨｨｨｨ 090802ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ 09ｨｨ01ｨ, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ ｨ ｨ 04060904ｨｬ 010507 0005ｨ 000605ｨｹｨｪ0401 000608ｨｬ 0709050702ｨｰ0907 070806ｨｰｨｨ0906070609ｨｰｨ 090502ｨｪｨｨ02 0706 ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ06/06ｨｰ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ06 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｰ.02. 070806ｨｰｨｨ0906070609ｨｰｨ 090502ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ0600ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ060006 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨ, 09050201ｨｮ02ｨｰ 070802010706050603ｨｨｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ06 09 0902ｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨｨｺ02 07080609ｨｰ0401 ｨｨ 09050603ｨｪ0401 000608ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨ 010601ｨｨｨｰ 09090602 090408ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608 [2; 13]. 08ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04 ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ0609 ｨｮ0706ｨｰ0802ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ07 000608ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨ 09 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0401 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨ0701 070601 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｮ000506ｨｬ 040802ｨｪｨｨ07 070604090605ｨｨｨｰ 07080201050603ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ ｨｲ0709ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ01 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ060006 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｰ02ｨｬ 09ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｬ 09ｨｪ020907 09ｨｺ05ｨ 01 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 09 ｨｰ020608ｨｨ06, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 09 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｮ 070404ｨｺｨ. 220
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