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Fig. I. Effect of Folin on caffeine treated mice (Animex type DSE). A group of 5 mice was placed in the test cage 10 min after the s.c. injection of caffeine. Counting spontaneous motor activity for a group was continued for 150 min. Folin had been administered orally 30 min before caffeine. The values are mean ± s.e obtained d from 3 experiments. Significantly different with respect to controls: * p<0.05. Fig. 2. Effects of Folin and chlorpromazine on hexobarbital sleeping time in mice. Drugs were administered orally 30 min before the i.p. injection of sodium hexobarbital (60 mg/kg). The values are mean ± s.e. obtained from 810 mice. Significantly different with respect to control: * p<0.05. CPZ : Chlorpromazine hydrochloride.

Table 1. Antitussive effect of Folin in guinea pigs (Mechanically stimulating method). ref. Codeine phosphate ED50=7.6 mg/kg, i.p. (guinea pigs), Folin LD50= 2.20 (2.06-2.36) g/kg, i.p. (mice). Animals were anesthetized lightly with an i.p. injection of pentobarbital sodium (20 mg/kg). A small opening was made at the trachea and the stimuli were given at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after the i.p. injection of the drug. * positive animal: animal not showing the cough reflex twice or more in 4 trials. Fig. 3. Anti-inflammatory effect of Folin on heat induced edema of the hind paw in anesthetized rats. At the time indicated by the arrow, heat stimulation was given to the hind paw of a rat by dipping it in water of 56 C for 5 sec. Additional heat stimulation (50 C,10 sec) was applied to the same foot 1, 1.5 and 2 hr after the first thermal procedure. Folin had been administered orally immediately before the first heat stimulation.

Fig. 4. Effect of Folin on stress ulcer in rats. Stress: restraining and immersing in 22 C water for 8 hr. The values are mean ± s.c. obtained from 6 rats. Significantly different with respect to control: * p<0.05. Fig. 5. Effects of Folin and glutamine on the gastric ulceration and secretion in pylorus ligated rats (5 hr). Five to 12 rats were included in each group. Aspirin and Folin were administered orally after pyloric ligation. The values are mean ± s.e. Significantly different with respect to controls: * p<0.05, ** p<0.01.

Fig. 6. Diuretic effect of Folin in the saline primed rats (5% body weight). A: time course of urinary excretion at various times, B : cumulative urinary excretion, Abscissa: time after administration, Ordinate: percent of urinary excretion to the total volume administered. The values are mean ± s.e. obtained from 3 experi ments. Significantly different with respect to control: * p(0.05, ** p<0.02. Fig. 7. Effect of Folin on urinary volume and electrolyte excretion in the saline primed rats (5% body weight). Two saline primed rats were housed in a metabolic cage for 4 hr after administration of Folin. The values are mean ± s.e. obtained from 3 experiments. Significantly different with respect to controls: * p<0.05, ** p< 0.02, *** p<0.01.

Fig. 8. Effect of Folin on swimming test in mice. Animals were admitted into a water bath(23 C) 30 min after administration and the time the animals remained afloat without drowning was measured. The values are man ± s.e. obtained from 8 mice. Table 2. Antitoxic effect of Folin on poison treated mice. A mixture of Folin with HgCl2i NaAs02 or 3CdSO4.8H2O, dissolved in physiological saline was administered orally to the mice in a volume of 0.11 ml/ 10 g. Body weight changes and mortality were measured for 3 days. Significantly different with respect to controls: * p<0.01.

Table 3. Effects of Folin, l-cysteine and l-cystine on grip strength test in TTD treated mice. ref. LD50 of TTD: 450 (409-495) T/kg, p.o.; 13.5 (12.814.3) r/kg, i,p. TTD: tetrodotoxin, Score 0-4, Normal score 4. The values are mean±s.e. obtained from 5-8 mice. Significantly different with respect to controls: * p.(0.05, ** p<0.01.

4) TAKAGI, K. and OKABE, S.: Japan. J. Pharmacol. 18, 9 (1968) Abstract-Madoka SHIBATA, Kyoko KUBO and Makoto ONODADepartment of Pharmacology, Hoshi College of Pharmacy, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142, Japan). Pharmacological studies on bamboo grass (2). Central depressant and antitoxic actions of water-soluble fraction (Folin) extracted from Sasa albomarginata Makino et Shibata. Folia pharmacol. japon. 72, 531541 (1976). Folin administered showed a significant antagonistic effect to caffeine induced hyperactivity and slightly prolonged hexobarbital induced sleeping time in mice. An antitussive effect was evident only with high doses and anticonvulsant effects were not observed. A mixture of Folin with HgCl2, NaAsO2, 3CdSO 8H2O or tetrodotoxin resulted in an apparent decrease in mortality rates. However Folin had no effect in the case of alternate administration with a poison or preadministration of Folin. As other pharmacological properties of Folin, a protective effect on induced stress ulcer in rats and an increase in acid output in pylorus-ligated rats in which aspirin was administered. Folin had no inhibitory effect on reserpine ulcer and acetic acid in duced anal ulcer in the rat. Neither an increase in gastric motility nor cathartic effect was observed with Folin. In addition, Folin showed a tendency of inhibition on heat induced edema and increase of urinary volume and electrolytes in rats.

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