EMC standardization activities in TTC Kimihiro TAJIMA (NTT) TTC SWG1305
Change in subscribers 100 million subscribers 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 2 Internet (Fixed and Mobile) Mobile (Cellular and PHS) PSTN and ISDN As of end Mar. 2008 123.8 million 107.3 million 51.2 million Broadband (FTTH, ADSL, etc.) 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 28.7 million 2008 Year 98/ 03 98/ 09 99/ 03 99/ 09 00/ 03 00/ 09 01/ 03 01/ 09 02/ 03 02/ 09 03/ 03 03/ 09 04/ 03 04/ 09 05/ 03 05/ 09 06/ 03 06/ 09 07/ 03 07/ 09 Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, etc.
Broadband Service Subscribers in Japan Million subscribers 30 As of end Jun. 2008 25 DSL: 12.3 million NTT: 4.5 million(37%) 20 15 10 5 0 02/03 02/12 03/09 04/06 05/03 05/12 06/09 07/06 08/03 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 CATV Internet: 4.0 million Ultra high-speed broadband: 17.0 million NTT: 9.5 million (56%) FTTH: 13.1 million NTT: 9.5 million (73%) Note: Japanese broadband transmission speed exceeds 500 kbps. Broadband Total: 29.3 million NTT: 14.0 million (48%) Source: MIC 3
Concept of network integration by NGN Conventional network Telephone Telecom center Telephone PSTN User PC ADSL IP-NW GW ISP GW Mobile-NW Server Internet Base station Mobile phone Convergence NGN (next generation network) IP-phone IP-phone Telecom center IPTV User Video server NGN PC FTTH SIP server ISP GW Server Base station Internet Mobile phone NW: network IP: Internet protocol GW:gateway ISP:Internet service provider PSTN: public switched telephone network SIP: session initiation protocol 4
What is NGN? Profit of carrier IP-based fixed-line phone Building high-quality networks at low cost FMC (fixed mobile convergence) Changes to telephones - anytime, anywhere - mobile evolution Triple play (voice, video, Internet) Multiple services - Telephone, TV, PC, etc. Broadband & ubiquitous Expanding services - Video-conference, telemedicine, Goods management by RFID tags, etc. Convenience of consumers 5
New EMC problems in IP infrastructure 6
Change in large-capacity IP routers High processing speeds produce large electric power consumption and new installation requirements. Electric power consumption (kw per rack) 15 10 5 Core router (CR) Edge router (ER) VoIP server Vendor B Vendor A Vendor C 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Release (year) Present Vendor A (line card cabinet) Core/edge routers in same cabinet 2007 2008 Increase Increase Increase 2010 7
New environmental problems with installation of large-capacity IP equipment Accident Service outage Heat-island effect Many hot spots - Inside cabinets, - Machine room - Rooftop, etc. Lack of space - Many routers, servers and air conditioners Bad airflow condition Complex grounding system Increase in interference - Mixing of AC/DC power supply Burnt wire - Stray current Grounding Telecom center DC 48VRectifier Power supply system Feeding large current Increasing of voltage fluctuation caused by fuse blowing Stability decreasing of power supply systems Lack of space for backup storage batteries Power line Grounding wire 8
EMC problems in IP services Telecom center Lightning Malfunction case example of IP-based streaming services* Emission Immunity STB Coax Power wire Large-power-capacity IP equipment ADSL/FTTH Splitter Modem Router Impulse noise PC Rectifier Telephone CAT5~ Home appliances Power supply system Grounding configuration User s residence *Reference CISPR/I/WG3 (Vancouver/Barlaud, Lancelin, Després, Moulin,Tarafi, Akiyama, Amemiya, Hattori, Kobayashi, Tajima) 06-01 Grounding configuration 9
Compliance with EMC standardization 10
Organization Chart of TTC Administrative entities Advisory entities Stds-dvlpmnt entities Promotion entities Councilor's Meeting Award Committee General Assembly Board of Directors Technical Assembly Secretariat IPR Committee Strategy Committee AG: Advisory Group Promotion Committee Management Committee Project Project 12 Working Groups (WGs) WG1300 NNI & UNI Transmission SWG1305 EMC NGN & Shourai NW AG Technology Research AG Global Collaboration AG Task Force on ICT & Climate Change 11
EMC standardizations in TTC JT-K38 JT-K43 JT-K48 JT-K58 JT-K59 Radiated Emission Test Procedure for Physically Large Systems Immunity requirements for telecommunication equipment EMC Requirements for each Telecommunication Network Equipment EMC, resistibility and safety requirements and procedures for co-located telecommunication installations EMC, resistibility and safety requirements and procedures for connection to unbundled cables JT-K66 Protection of customer premises from overvoltages 12
Implementation of telecom industry standardization in Japan SWG1305 proceeds with TTC standards to resolve new EMC problems in IP networks. MIC (Ministry) Telecommunication Council ITU-T Committee CISPR Committee EMC & Outdoor infra. group (SG5,SG6) - K series (EMC) TTC (Telecommunication Technology committee) Technical Assembly Strategy Committee NNI&UNI Transmission Committee SWG1305 (Chair: NTT) - JT-K series (EMC) Standards I group Industry - Immunity (CISPR 24, 35) - Emission(CISPR 22, 32) VCCI NTT-TR 13
EMC subjects in SWG1305 Telecom center Lightning Malfunction case example of IP-based streaming services* Emission Immunity STB Coax Power wire Large-power-capacity IP equipment ADSL/FTTH Splitter Modem Router Impulse noise PC Rectifier Telephone CAT5~ Power supply system Grounding configuration Information Leakage by Electromagnetic wave User s residence Home appliances Grounding configuration 14
EMC standardizations (NTT s case) Relations between EMC standardization and Technical Requirements (TRs) of EMC in NTT Group Basic standards IEC ITU-T Telecom standards Product (family) standards CISPR/SC/I,A ITU-T SG5 National standards MIAC Telecom Council ITE VCCI Radio wave services ARIB TTC Telecommunication services Compliance Compliance Compliance NTT Group EMC Standards of NTT Group NTT EMC Standardization Committee Organizer: EMC-G Specifications NTT-TRs Supply Manufacture 15
NTT-TRs of EMC standards CISPR 22 etc. CISPR 24 etc. NTT standards 1.1 EMC for telecommunication equipment Ver. 1 (2001 ) Ver. 2 (2003 ) ITU-T K.44 etc. NTT standards 10.10 Bonding configurations and earthing inside a telecommunication building (1996 ) Emission standard Immunity standard NTT-TR550004 Ver.3 (2002-) NTT-TR549001 Ver.3 (2005-) Overvoltage protection standard ITU-T K.27 etc. NTT-TR189001 Ver.1 (2003-) 16
Examples of solutions 17
Experimental site for large-capacity IP equipment Specifications of site Location: NTT R&D Center (Musashino city, Tokyo) Area: 210 m2 Numbers of racks: 85 Density of max. heat generation: 3.3 kw/ m2 Max. performance of air conditioners: 400 kw New method for DC power distribution 1) Formulation of installation guidelines 2) Development items - Large-capacity fuse - High-power distribution switchboard > overcurrent protection - High-power capacitor > voltage drop, resonant amplitude - High-performance backup power supply system (nickel-metal-hydride batteries) New design for bonding configurations and earthing - Formulation of installation guidelines - Revision of NTT standard: Bonding configurations and earthing - Simplification of isolated bonding system 18
実験室概要 場所 : 武蔵野研究開発センタ 6 号館地下 1 階 床面積 : 約 570 m2 ( 内実験室 : 約 220 m2 ) 最大設置架数 :94 架 ( 内 PDF10 架 ) 最大発熱密度 :3kW/ m2 ( 模擬発熱体使用 ) 空調機最大能力 :400kW 情流総研総務構築部分 既設撤去工事 間仕切り 二重床 防災設備など基本部分 FR-R MST-6000AH-BATT FR-R MST-6000AH-BATT 19000 環境研構築部分 AHU 屋上空冷チラー 電力装置 新接地方式 ラック及び模擬発熱体 当社構築部分 AHU 用制御装置 ( 空調実験用 ) FMACSⅤ-LL 3 台 ラック及び模擬発熱体 実験室平面図 19
実験室概要 空調実験エリア ( ラック 熱電対など ) 場所 : 武蔵野研究開発センタ 6 号館地下 1 階 床面積 : 約 570 m2 ( 内実験室 : 約 220 m2 ) 最大設置架数 :94 架 ( 内 PDF10 架 ) 最大発熱密度 :3kW/ m2 ( 模擬発熱体使用 ) 空調機最大能力 :400kW 情流総研総務構築部分 既設撤去工事 間仕切り 二重床 防災設備など基本部分 FR-R MST-6000AH-BATT FR-R MST-6000AH-BATT 19000 環境研構築部分 AHU 屋上空冷チラー 電力装置 新接地方式 ラック及び模擬発熱体 当社構築部分 AHU 用制御装置 ( 空調実験用 ) FMACSⅤ-LL 3 台 ラック及び模擬発熱体 実験室平面図 20
実験室概要 中央監視装置 ( ユビキタス BAS IP-V6) 場所 : 武蔵野研究開発センタ 6 号館地下 1 階 床面積 : 約 570 m2 ( 内実験室 : 約 220 m2 ) 最大設置架数 :94 架 ( 内 PDF10 架 ) 最大発熱密度 :3kW/ m2 ( 模擬発熱体使用 ) 空調機最大能力 :400kW 情流総研総務構築部分 既設撤去工事 間仕切り 二重床 防災設備など基本部分 FR-R MST-6000AH-BATT FR-R MST-6000AH-BATT 19000 環境研構築部分 AHU 屋上空冷チラー 電力装置 新接地方式 ラック及び模擬発熱体 当社構築部分 AHU 用制御装置 ( 空調実験用 ) FMACSⅤ-LL 3 台 ラック及び模擬発熱体 実験室平面図 21
Low-noise & low-power-consumption fluorescent light Table. Characteristics comparison among several kinds of fluorescent light Medium Commercialization 50% reduction Low-power-consumption 22
Immunity test condition & performance criteria for IP communications equipment Test method based on EMC standards IPTV IP equipment ADSL / FTTH ONU/ modem LAN Video server Power wire EFT test signal IEC6100-4-4 Voltage level (V) 8 4 0-4 Voltage level (V) 8 4 0-4 -8 0 100 200 300 400 500 Time (ms) -8 0 100 200 300 400 500 Time (ms) Example of block noise generation - Impulse noises cause serious malfunctions in realtime video services over IP. - Immunity test conditions should be improved to meet actual circumstances. - Immunity performance criteria should be matched to actual service grade. 23
Conclusions TTC EMC standardization Constructing an efficient and flexible next-generation network (NGN) to create IP broadband services for the new optical era. - New EMC problems in IP infrastructure arise and need new standards compliance and new technology for solutions. - We will actively participate in international EMC standardization to contribute to the advancement of EMC compliance. 24
Reference 25
Countermeasure for leakage information Before Antenna Detected display PC Emission Receiver After Countermeasure product Antenna Detected display PC Emission covered by masking signals Receiver 26
EMI filters for PLC noise Blocking filter Common - mode filter コモンモート 電流 [dbua] 40 30 20 10 0-10 -20-30 -40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 周波数 [MHz] フィルタ無し フィルタ有り 27
Effectiveness You can reduce E-field by PLC around housing. Before After Blocking and Common-mode filters 28
Number of subscribers (million) 150 ~ 100 80 60 40 20 Change in subscribers POTS + ISDN Mobile phone Internet (Fixed + mobile phone) FTTH+ADSL,etc. ~ ~ IP phone ~ ~ 154 million (Dec. 2005) 95 million (Dec. 2006) 58 million (Mar.2006 ) 25 million (Sep. 2006) 11.5 million (Mar. 2006) 94/3 95/3 96/3 97/3 98/3 99/3 00/3 01/3 02/3 03/3 04/3 05/3 Sources: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, WHITE PAPER Information and Communications in Japan 2006 29