13Estonian Literary Museum, Department of Folkloristics 0609ｨｰ06ｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨ ｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ04ｨｦ 00ｨｮ0402ｨｦ, 02ｨｰ010205 000605ｨｹｨｺ050608ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｨ The Centre of Cultural History and Folkloristics in Estonia 0609ｨｰ06ｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 0002ｨｪｨｰ08 0609ｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ 08ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ0804 ｨｨ 080605ｨｹｨｺ050608ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｨ POST-SOCIALIST JOKELORE 0302050605020006080906050606 ﾁ0305080607 08010308020206 International symposion 00020301ｨｮｨｪｨ 080601ｨｪ04ｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｬ070604ｨｨｨｮｨｬ January 15 th ｨC16 th 2007 15ｨC16 07ｨｪ09ｨ 0807 2007 Tartu 2007 1
13Koostaja: Arvo Krikmann Kｨｹljendaja: Maris Kuperjanov T01lked: Nikolai Kuznetsov Sｨｹmpoosion toimub Sihtasutuse Eesti Teadusfond grandi ETF 6759 toetusel Trｨｹkise ISBN 978-9949-418-71-8 Elektroonilise teaviku ISBN 978-9949-418-70-1 08 autorid, EKM FO 2
13International symposion POST-SOCIALIST JOKELORE ｧｮｧﾖｧﾘｧﾕｧ蟋ﾟｧﾑｧ筴爰ﾕｧﾟｧｧﾛ ｧ罘ﾚｧﾞｧ皎爰ﾙｧﾚｧ蟋ﾞ ｧｱｧｰｧｳｧｴｧｳｧｰｧｸｧｪｧ ｧｭｧｪｧｳｧｴｧｪｧｹｧｦｧｳｧｬｧｪｧｫ ｧ ｧｯｧｦｧｬｧ ｧｰｧｴ Tartu, Estonian Literary Museum ｧｴｧﾑｧ筴荅, ｧｿｧ罘荅爰ﾟｧ罘ﾜｧﾚｧﾛ ｧｭｧﾚｧ荅ﾖｧ筴ﾑｧ荅蟋筴ﾟｧｧﾛ ｧｮｧ蟋ﾙｧﾖｧﾛ January 15 th ｨC16 th 2007 15ｨC16 ｧｧﾟｧﾓｧﾑｧ筴 2007 PROGRAMME ｧｱｧｲｧｰｧ ｧｲｧ ｧｮｧｮｧ Monday, January 15 th E. Shmeleva & A. Shmelev (Moscow): Contemporary Russian Jokes: the Evolution of Speech Genre A. Belousov & M. Lurye (St. Petersburg): Youth humour in Post-Soviet Russia L. Laineste (Tartu): Post-Socialism and Political Jokes on Estonian Internet D. Brzozowska (Warsaw): Jokes in Poland in the period of transition 10:00 ｨC 12:00 12:00 ｨC 14:00 16:00 ｨC 18:00 D.-E. Popa (Bucharest): Contemporary Political Humour in the Romanian Public Sphere S. Stanoev (Sofia): Power and Society in Bulgarian Post-Totalitarian Period Joke Telling Tuesday, January 16 th 10:00 ｨC 13:00 S. Neklyudov (Moscow): Origin of an anecdote: 00ｧｮｧ蟋遘ﾑ-ｧ隗爰ﾜｧ爰荅蟋遘ﾑ03 ( ｰThe fly, the jabberer ｱ) on trial of Soviet leaders A. Arkhipova (Moscow): Tradition and innovation in jokes on Putin A. Krikmann (Tartu): Estonians in Contemporary Russian Jokes ｧｱｧ爰ﾟｧﾖｧﾕｧﾖｧﾝｧｧﾟｧﾚｧﾜ, 15 ｧｧﾟｧﾓｧﾑｧ筴 Information and details ｨC 0806ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｰ Arvo Krikmann, tel +372 53 416 520, kriku@ folklore.ee Liisi Laineste, tel +372 51 37 927, liisi@ folklore.ee ｧｦ. ｧｺｧﾞｧﾖｧﾝｧﾖｧﾓｧﾑ & ｧ. ｧｺｧﾞｧﾖｧﾝｧﾖｧﾓ (ｧｮｧ爰罘ﾜｧﾓｧﾑ): ｧｳｧ爰ﾓｧ筴ﾖｧﾞｧﾖｧﾟｧﾟｧｧﾛ ｧ筴蟋罘罘ﾜｧﾚｧﾛ ｧﾑｧﾟｧﾖｧﾜｧﾕｧ爰: ｧｧﾓｧ爰ﾝｧｧ隗ﾚｧ ｧ筴ﾖｧ鬧ﾖｧﾓｧ爰ﾔｧ ｧﾘｧﾑｧﾟｧ筴ﾑ ｧ. ｧ ｧﾖｧﾝｧ爰蟋罘爰ﾓ & ｧｮ. ｧｭｧ蟋筴ｧﾖ (ｧｱｧﾖｧ荅ﾖｧ筴ﾒｧ蟋筴ﾔ): ｧｮｧ爰ﾝｧ爰ﾕｧﾗｧﾘｧﾟｧｧﾛ ｧｧﾞｧ爰 ｧﾓ ｧ皎爰罘荅罘爰ﾓｧﾖｧ荅罘ﾜｧ爰ﾛ ｧｲｧ爰罘罘ﾚｧﾚ ｧｭ. ｧｭｧﾑｧﾛｧﾟｧﾖｧ罘荅ﾖ (ｧｴｧﾑｧ筴荅): ｧｱｧ爰罘荅罘爰隗ﾚｧﾑｧﾝｧﾚｧﾙｧﾞ ｧﾚ ｧ皎爰ﾝｧﾚｧ荅ﾚｧ鬧ﾖｧ罘ﾜｧﾚｧﾖ ｧﾑｧﾟｧﾖｧﾜｧﾕｧ爰荅 ｧﾓ ｧｧ罘荅爰ﾟｧ罘ﾜｧ爰ﾞ ｧﾚｧﾟｧ荅ﾖｧ筴ﾟｧﾖｧ荅ﾖ ｧ. ｧ ｧ筴ﾙｧ爰ﾙｧ爰ﾓｧ罘ﾜｧﾑ (ｧ ｧﾑｧ筴ﾑｧﾓｧﾑ): ｧｱｧ爰ﾝｧｧ罘ﾜｧﾚｧﾖ ｧﾑｧﾟｧﾖｧﾜｧﾕｧ爰荅 ｧ皎ﾖｧ筴ﾖｧ遘爰ﾕｧﾟｧ爰ﾔｧ ｧ皎ﾖｧ筴ﾚｧ爰ﾕｧﾑ ｧ.-ｧｦ. ｧｱｧ爰皎ﾑ (ｧ ｧ蟋遘ﾑｧ筴ﾖｧ罘): ｧｱｧ爰ﾝｧﾚｧ荅ﾚｧ鬧ﾖｧ罘ﾜｧﾚｧﾛ ｧｧﾞｧ爰 ｧﾓ ｧ皎蟋ﾒｧﾝｧﾚｧ鬧ﾟｧ爰ﾛ ｧ罘讒ﾖｧ筴ﾖ ｧｲｧ蟋ﾞｧｧﾟｧﾚｧﾚ ｧｳ. ｧｳｧ荅ﾑｧﾟｧ爰ﾖｧﾓ (ｧｳｧ爰讒ﾚｧ): ｧｰｧ荅ﾟｧ爰ﾖｧﾟｧﾚｧﾖ ｧﾓｧﾝｧﾑｧ罘荅-ｧ爰ﾒｧｧﾖｧ罘荅ﾓｧ ｧﾓ ｧ筴ﾑｧ罘罘ﾜｧﾑｧﾙｧｧﾓｧﾑｧﾟｧﾚｧﾚ ｧﾑｧﾟｧﾖｧﾜｧﾕｧ爰荅爰ﾓ ｧﾓ ｧ皎爰罘荅荅爰荅ﾑｧﾝｧﾚｧ荅ﾑｧ筴ﾟｧｧﾛ ｧ皎ﾖｧ筴ﾚｧ爰ﾕ ｧﾓ ｧ ｧ爰ﾝｧﾔｧﾑｧ筴ﾚｧﾚ ｧ ｧ荅爰筴ﾟｧﾚｧﾜ, 16 ｧｧﾟｧﾓｧﾑｧ筴 ｧｳ. ｧｯｧﾖｧﾜｧﾝｧｧﾕｧ爰ﾓ (ｧｮｧ爰罘ﾜｧﾓｧﾑ): ｧｱｧ筴爰ﾚｧ罘遘爰ﾘｧﾕｧﾖｧﾟｧﾚｧﾖ ｧﾑｧﾟｧﾖｧﾜｧﾕｧ爰荅ﾑ: 00ｧｮｧ蟋遘ﾑ-ｧ隗爰ﾜｧ爰荅蟋遘ﾑ03 ｧ皎爰ﾕ ｧ罘蟋ﾕｧ爰ﾞ ｧ罘爰ﾓｧﾖｧ荅罘ﾜｧﾚｧ ｧﾓｧ爰ﾘｧﾕｧﾖｧﾛ ｧ. ｧ ｧ筴遘ﾚｧ皎爰ﾓｧﾑ (ｧｮｧ爰罘ﾜｧﾓｧﾑ): ｧｴｧ筴ﾑｧﾕｧﾚｧ隗ﾚｧﾚ ｧﾚ ｧﾟｧ爰ﾓｧﾑｧ隗ﾚｧﾚ ｧﾓ ｧﾑｧﾟｧﾖｧﾜｧﾕｧ爰荅ﾑｧ ｧ ｧｱｧ蟋荅ﾚｧﾟｧﾖ ｧ. ｧｬｧ筴ﾚｧﾜｧﾞｧﾑｧﾟｧﾟ (ｧｴｧﾑｧ筴荅): ｧｿｧ罘荅爰ﾟｧﾖｧ ｧﾓ ｧ罘爰ﾓｧ筴ﾖｧﾞｧﾖｧﾟｧﾟｧｧ ｧ筴蟋罘罘ﾜｧﾚｧ ｧﾑｧﾟｧﾖｧﾜｧﾕｧ爰荅ﾑｧ 3
134
13ABSTRACTS ｨC 040305070003 5
136
13CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN JOKES: THE EVOLUTION OF SPEECH GENRE Elena & Alexei Shmelev (Moscow) The paper will briefly discuss the history of Russian jokes: the origin of this speech genre and its evolution in the twentieth century. In particular, it will describe new characters of Russian jokelore (such as new Russians, Estonians, computer programmers, drug addicts) that have emerged since 1990. Characters of Russian jokelore are recognizable by the description of appearance, way of behavior, clothes and other accessories. Even more important, the hearer often have to recognize the ｰlinguistic masks ｱ of joke characters (linguistic clichｨｦs, accent, typical grammar mistakes, etc.), which correlate with their ｰbehavior masks ｱ. Characteristics of the new characters of Russian jokes will be listed. For example, if a male joke character wore a red jacket, gold chain and spoke on the cellular phone all the time, he was recognizable as a ｰnew Russian ｱ. The suggestion is made that at the beginning of 21 st century reference to jokes is more popular than joketelling. Russian jokes have become precedent texts; most often, they are not in the focus of attention, but are a source of winged words and proverbs. Russian jokelore is a source of direct quotations, allusions, pithy sayings used in Russian mass media. Hidden allusions to jokes in main Russian newspapers may make use of common stereotypes of Russian jokelore, ｰlinguistic masks ｱ of its characters, etc. In addition, a project of the ｰDictionary of quotations from Russian jokes ｱ will be presented. Not only direct quotations from jokes but also indirect allusions to them are taken into account. The paper will discuss the structure of a lexical entry of the dictionary. Two examples follow: Belyj i pushistyj Joke: Myshka govorit ljagushke: 00Kakaja ty protivnaja, skol ｯzkaja, xolodnaja!03 ｨC 00Da, bolela ja, bolela. A ran ｯshe ja byla belaja i pushistaja!03 Examples: Belye i pushistye (00Izvestija03, 4.07.03; 12.09.03); Sledujushchej zimoj muzhchiny stanut belymi i pushistymi. ( 00Izvestija03, 22.01.04); ｨC Nel ｯzja byt ｯ belym i pushistym, ｨC prodolzhil on [Putin]. ｨC Pust ｯ togda uzh oni za stol peregovorov s ben Ladenom sadjatsja. A chto? A to xotjat byt ｯ belymi i pushistymi, a za stol peregovorov ne xotjat. (00Kommersant03, 22.04.04). Gorjachie estonskie (finskie) parni Joke: Poshli troe estoncev (finnov) ｨC otec i dva syna ｨC na rybalku. Sidjat oni chas, molchat, drugoj molchat. Cherez chas odin iz synovej govorit: 00Ne kljuett03. Proxodit eshche chas, vtoroj syn govorit: 00Ne kljuett!03 Proxodit eshche chas, otec govorit: 00Nu chto, gorjachie estonskie (finskie) parni, svoej boltovnej vsju rybu raspugali!03 Examples: Estonec okazalsja pogorjachee finnov. 00Kommersant03, 12.08.03); Finn okazalsja gorjachee estonca (00Kommersant03, 15.04.03); Gorjachij estonskij samovar (00Izvestija03, 9.12.03); Noch ｯ gorjachix parnej. Mul ｯtimediafestival ｯ sovremennogo iskusstva Finljandii 00Noch ｯ nezavisimosti03 (00Bol ｯshoj gorod03, 5.12.03); Gorjachij neneckij paren ｯ (00Izvestija03, 24.04.04). 0502000403000301010407 04070505080607 08010308020206: 0600020907000608 0403 ﾁ0300020102 0408010408 030502ｨｪｨ 01ｨｬ02050209ｨ & 080502ｨｺ0902ｨｦ 01ｨｬ02050209 (000609ｨｺ09ｨ ) 00 0106ｨｺ05ｨ 0102 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｰｨｺ06 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ0608ｨｨ07 08ｨｮ0909ｨｺ060006 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰｨ : 070806ｨｨ090106030102ｨｪｨｨ02 0802 ﾂ0209060006 03ｨ ｨｪ08ｨ ｨｨ 020006 050906050602ｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ 070806ｨｰ070302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ XX 0902ｨｺｨ. 00 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ 0607ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｪ06090402 0702080906ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨ 08ｨｮ0909ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609, 07060709ｨｨ0903ｨｨ020907 0706090502 1990 00. (00ｨｪ06090402 08ｨｮ0909ｨｺｨｨ0203, 0509ｨｰ06ｨｪ0204, 0708060008ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｨ09ｨｰ04, ｨｪｨ 08ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ04). 0302080906ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨ 08ｨｮ0909ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609 06070604ｨｪｨ 06ｨｰ0907 0706 09ｨｪ0203ｨｪ02ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨｨ01ｨｮ, ｨｬｨ ｨｪ020802 070609020102ｨｪｨｨ07, 060102030102 ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬ 0102ｨｰｨ 0507ｨｬ. 020906ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ06 09ｨ 03ｨｪｨｮ06 080605ｨｹ ｨｨ0008ｨ 06ｨｰ 0802 ﾂ02090402 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｨ (0802 ﾂ02090402 03ｨｰｨ ｨｬ0704, ｨ ｨｺ0202ｨｪｨｰ, ｨｰｨｨ07ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0402 0008ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 0603ｨｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ. 01.), ｨｺ06ｨｰ06080402 ｨｺ0608080205ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ 09 ｨｨ01 00070609020102ｨｪ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｬｨ 09ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ03. 09ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ 07020802 ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪ04 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ06090401 0702080906ｨｪｨ 0302ｨｦ 08ｨｮ0909ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609. 01ｨ 0708., 0702080906ｨｪｨ 03 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609 7
131990-01 0000., ｨｪ060907ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｬｨ 05ｨｨｨｪ060904ｨｦ 07ｨｨ0103ｨ ｨｺ, 04060506ｨｰｨｮ06 020207ｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｪ02070802080409ｨｪ06 000609060807ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 0706 ｨｬ06ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｰ0205020006ｨｪｨｮ, ｨ 02040603ｨｨｨ 06 ﾂｨｪ06 06070604ｨｪｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 00ｨｪ060904ｨｦ 08ｨｮ0909ｨｺｨｨｨｦ03. 02ｨｰｨｬ02 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ0907, ﾂｨｰ06 09 070609050201ｨｪｨｨ02 00060104 02ｨｨｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0907 ｨ 06050202 070607ｨｮ050708ｨｪ06, ｨｪ02030205ｨｨ 08ｨ 0909ｨｺｨ 040409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609. 04ｨｮ0909ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ04 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 07080202020102ｨｪｨｰｨｪ0402 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ04; ﾂｨ ｨｴ02 0909020006 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ02 070607ｨ 01ｨ 06ｨｰ 09 0006ｨｺｨｮ09 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ 0905ｨｮ03ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｺ080405ｨ ｨｰ0401 09050609 ｨｨ 0706000609060806ｨｺ. 04ｨｮ0909ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ04 ｨC ｨｨ09ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺ 070807ｨｬ0401 02ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰ, ｨ 05050604ｨｨｨｦ, ｨ 000608ｨｨ04ｨｬ0609, ｨｨ09070605ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ0401 09 0906090802ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 0908020109ｨｰ09ｨ 01 ｨｬｨ 0909060906ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ. 05ｨｺ0804ｨｰ0402 06ｨｰ090405ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰｨ ｨｬ 09 08060909ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺｨｨ01 00ｨ 0402ｨｰｨ 01 05ｨｺ090705ｨｮｨ ｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ 06ｨ ｨｴｨｨ02 09ｨｰ02080206ｨｰｨｨ0704 08ｨｮ0909ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609, 00070404ｨｺ06090402 ｨｬｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ03 ｨｨ01 0702080906ｨｪｨ 0302ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰ. 07. 01ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202, ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 0708020109ｨｰｨ 090502ｨｪ 07080602ｨｺｨｰ 0005050609ｨ 0807 02ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ04 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ060903. 00 0005050609ｨ 08ｨｹ03 07080201070605ｨ 00ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 070807ｨｬ0402 02ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰ04, ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｪ020709ｨｪ0402 06ｨｰ090405ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰｨ ｨｬ. 00 0106ｨｺ05ｨ 0102 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 06ｨ 09ｨｮ0301ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ08ｨ 09050609ｨ 08ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹｨｨ 0005050609ｨ 080703. 0308ｨｨ09020102ｨｬ 0109ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208ｨ. 09020504ｨｦ ｨｨ 07ｨｮ03ｨｨ09ｨｰ04ｨｦ 08ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ: 000403ｨｺｨ 0006090608ｨｨｨｰ 050700ｨｮ03ｨｺ02: 0008ｨ ｨｺｨ 07 ｨｰ04 070806ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪｨ 07, 09ｨｺ0605ｨｹ04ｨｺｨ 07, 0106050601ｨｪｨ 07!03 ｨC 0002ｨ, ｨ 06050205ｨ 07, ｨ 06050205ｨ. 08 08ｨ ｨｪｨｹ0302 07 ｨ 0405ｨ ｨ 0205ｨ 07 ｨｨ 07ｨｮ03ｨｨ09ｨｰｨ 07!03 0308ｨｨｨｬ020804: 0902050402 ｨｨ 07ｨｮ03ｨｨ09ｨｰ0402 (000604090209ｨｰｨｨ0703, 4.07.03; 12.09.03); 05050201ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ 04ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｬｨｮ03 ﾂｨｨｨｪ04 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ ｨ 020504ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 07ｨｮ03ｨｨ09ｨｰ04ｨｬｨｨ. ( 000604090209ｨｰｨｨ0703, 22.01.04); ｨC 010205ｨｹ0407 ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 020504ｨｬ ｨｨ 07ｨｮ03ｨｨ09ｨｰ04ｨｬ, ｨC 07080601060503ｨｨ05 06ｨｪ [03ｨｮｨｰｨｨｨｪ]. ｨC 03ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ060001ｨ ｨｮ03 06ｨｪｨｨ 04ｨ 09ｨｰ0605 0702080200060906080609 09 ｨ 02ｨｪ 09ｨ 0102ｨｪ06ｨｬ 09ｨ 0107ｨｰ0907. 08 ﾂｨｰ06? 08 ｨｰ06 0106ｨｰ07ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 020504ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 07ｨｮ03ｨｨ09ｨｰ04ｨｬｨｨ, ｨ 04ｨ 09ｨｰ0605 0702080200060906080609 ｨｪ02 0106ｨｰ07ｨｰ. (000806ｨｬｨｬ020809ｨ ｨｪｨｰ03, 22.04.04). 01060807 ﾂｨｨ02 0509ｨｰ06ｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨ02 (00ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨ02) 07ｨ 08ｨｪｨｨ 08ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ: 03060305ｨｨ ｨｰ080602 0509ｨｰ06ｨｪ020209 (00ｨｨｨｪｨｪ0609) ｨC 06ｨｰ0202 ｨｨ 0109ｨ 0904ｨｪｨ ｨC ｨｪｨ 0804ｨ ｨ 05ｨｺｨｮ. 05ｨｨ0107ｨｰ 06ｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨ 09, ｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｰ, 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ ｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｰ. ﾁ02080204 ﾂｨ 09 0601ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ04 0904ｨｪ060902ｨｦ 0006090608ｨｨｨｰ: 000102 ｨｺ050602ｨｰｨｰ03. 030806010601ｨｨｨｰ 02ｨｴ02 ﾂｨ 09, 09ｨｰ060806ｨｦ 0904ｨｪ 0006090608ｨｨｨｰ: 000102 ｨｺ050602ｨｰｨｰ!03 030806010601ｨｨｨｰ 02ｨｴ02 ﾂｨ 09, 06ｨｰ0202 0006090608ｨｨｨｰ: 0001ｨｮ ﾂｨｰ06, 00060807 ﾂｨｨ02 0509ｨｰ06ｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨ02 (00ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨ02) 07ｨ 08ｨｪｨｨ, 09090602ｨｦ ｨ 0605ｨｰ0609ｨｪ02ｨｦ 090906 0804ｨ ｨｮ 08ｨ 0907ｨｮ00ｨ 05ｨｨ!03 0308ｨｨｨｬ020804: 0609ｨｰ06ｨｪ0202 06ｨｺｨ 04ｨ 050907 070600060807 ﾂ0202 00ｨｨｨｪｨｪ0609. (000806ｨｬｨｬ020809ｨ ｨｪｨｰ03, 12.08.03); 08ｨｨｨｪｨｪ 06ｨｺｨ 04ｨ 050907 00060807 ﾂ0202 0509ｨｰ06ｨｪ02ｨ (000806ｨｬｨｬ020809ｨ ｨｪｨｰ03, 15.04.03); 01060807 ﾂｨｨｨｦ 0509ｨｰ06ｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨ ｨｬ0609ｨ 08 (000604090209ｨｰｨｨ0703, 9.12.03); 0106 ﾂｨｹ 00060807 ﾂｨｨ01 07ｨ 08ｨｪ02ｨｦ. 00ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｨｨｬ0201ｨｨｨ 000209ｨｰｨｨ09ｨ 05ｨｹ 0906090802ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ060006 ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｮ0909ｨｰ09ｨ 08ｨｨｨｪ0507ｨｪ01ｨｨｨｨ 000106 ﾂｨｹ ｨｪ0204ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ03 (00090605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ 000608060103, 5.12.03); 01060807 ﾂｨｨｨｦ ｨｪ02ｨｪ0202ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 07ｨ 0802ｨｪｨｹ (000604090209ｨｰｨｨ0703, 24.04.04). 8
13YOUTH HUMOUR IN POSTSOVIET RUSSIA Alexander Belousov & Mikhail Lurye (St. Petersburg) In the light of all the conflicts and doubts of the contemporary humanities regarding the concept of ｰyouth ｱ, we will define youth as a social group, which is perceived by the society as having the characteristics of ｰchild ｱ and ｰadult ｱ and which is characterized by a number of social characteristics, the most important of which are the following: 1) Participation in various forms of cultural communication exclusively related to ｰyouth ｱ; 2) Training in educational institutions as the basic form of general socialization; 3) Greater awareness of cultural innovations. Our presentation explores the issues descriptively: the paper aims to describe types of humour and social situations from the aspect of formation which is largely typical of the modern Russian youth scene and which can be specifically related to youth, and also to trace how these forms and situations are linked with the Soviet cultural legacy on the one hand and its reception in the contemporary youth culture on the other hand ｨC i.e. with these changes in the social, cultural and communicative space which have taken place in the post-soviet period. We will present a tentative typological overview of contemporary youth humour according to the categories of social-communicative situations and practices in which it occurs. 1. School and student humour lore is preserved in its rather traditional form (jokes about students and teachers, spoofing classical poetry, humorous graffiti in toilets and on school desks, etc.) and has little changed since the bygone Soviet period. This can be explained by the stable social situation which a given student experiences, and, accordingly, by the cultural values forced on the student that he or she finds unacceptable or repulsive. 2. Humour industry as a part of mass communication 1) Jokes about popular musical, informative, entertaining television and radio programmes ｨC a specific style which is typologically close to traditional jesting. In this category, the selection of precedent texts to deal with is mostly derived from the corpus of the Soviet text repertoire (children ｯs literature, political slogans, Soviet folklore, citations of films, etc.). 2) Humorous TV show programmes. The KVN-movement (KVN = Club of the Cheerful and Sharp- Witted) has gained increasing popularity among the youth (senior pupils and students) in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and was followed by a specific subculture of KVN members, who invented (or reproduced) unique forms of activity, communication, social structure and jargon. Almost every high school in Russia has its own KVN team; also, teams of a city with members from different universities have been put together. Each team includes a group of beginners, who can later become new members of the main team. In addition to rehearsals, also special training sessions and masterclasses with stars of KVN are held; at these events beginners polish their performance and the reception of the battle of wits on the stage. The situation is analogous with the new humorous youth TV program Comedy club. 3. Humour in youth subcultures Since the 1990s, the process of sub-culturalization in the youth scene has been very active in Russia: subcultures have shifted from the periphery to mainstream. Almost every teenager, at least those who live in the big city, in some way or another constructs his or her own subcultural identity, choosing one or intentionally opposite form to practice. In this light, youth culture as such has been increasingly associated with subcultural ideologies and practices. 1) The inside humour of a subcultural community ｨC includes these thematic categories of humour texts which are constructed by means of applying symbols, realities, case texts, and jargon that are topical only in the given subculture. Such texts may be perfectly intelligible to all, while the comic effect is achieved exclusively among the insiders (for example, jokes of Tolkien fanatics, which require a profound knowledge of Tolkien ｯs works) and, in fact, may be categorized as the so-called corporate humour. 9
132) The general sphere of subcultural humour provides that, regardless of all ideological contradictions and intergroup antagonism (and in many respects owing to these factors), all youth movements constitute a uniform socio-cultural field, characterized by conventionality and transgression of boundaries and the constant process of migration (the passing of individuals from one community to another). Correspondingly, there are forms of subcultural humour which intend to elucidate the relations between different youth movements and groups (invective squabbles at forums of representatives of opposing communities, jokes about each other and so on), but also those involving themes important for all communities (for example, joke lore about the gopniks ( admirers of criminal esthetics) and popsushniks ( pop-music admirers) ｨC social-cultural antagonists of the ｮnormal ｯ world (neformals). These forms are most often realized in online communication. 4. Youth web humour Identifying the community of Internet-users as an integral part of the youth scene is ungrounded, and so is identifying the entire layer of network humour with youth humour. The category should rather include the channels of virtual communication that are used by the youth, first of all ｨC chats and forums on the websites of the youth. Network jokes popular among teenagers and youth, in particular, are spread through these channels. A fine example of that is the wide spread of online communication in the so-called ｰlow-class talk ｱ (consecutive corruption of the spelling of words: aftar zhzhot (< avtor zhzhot ｮthe author burns down ｯ ｨC a positive appreciation), preved (< privet ｮhi! ｯ) etc.), which initially emerged as the form of the subcultural humour, built on clichｨｦs and texts written in this register or its adoption. As to the types of genres (joke, humorous aphorism, witty answer, comic memorate, parody and so forth) and devices for creating a comic effect (grotesque, irony, pun, intertextuality, the use of invectives and so forth), these remain the same by virtue of their universal nature. It is possible to speak only about certain correlations between the type of a social-communicative context and the various degree of preference of a specific form and/or device of humour (e.g. TV show presenters tend to favour word games, the fans of Tolkien lore favour jokes, etc.). In addition, advances in technology have triggered the emergence of new forms of representing comic texts (amateur videos, cartoons, programmes about practical jokes, SMS-jokes, etc.). 00020902020304010407 07000204 00 03020506050200030605080207 040205050606 080502ｨｺ09ｨ ｨｪ0108 09020506ｨｮ090609 ｨｨ 00ｨｨ01ｨ ｨｨ05 09ｨｮ08ｨｹ02 (05ｨ ｨｪｨｺｨｰ-0302ｨｰ0208ｨ ｨｮ0800) 07 ﾂｨｨｨｰ0409ｨ 07 090902 08ｨ 04ｨｪ060005ｨ 09ｨｨ07 ｨｨ 0906ｨｬｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 0906090802ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 00ｨｮｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨ 08ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｮｨｺｨｨ 0706 0706090601ｨｮ 0706ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07 00ｨｬ060506010203ｨｹ03, ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｬ 09 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ060506010203ｨｹ06 090602ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨｮ06 0008ｨｮ0707ｨｮ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ 07 0906090708ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ0907 06ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ0906ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 090609ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ 06ｨｴｨ 07 09 0902ｨ 02 0706ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｨ 000102ｨｰ09ｨｺ06000603 ｨｨ 0009040806090506000603 ｨｨ 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 08070106ｨｬ 090602ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0401 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｺ, ｨｨ04 ｨｺ06ｨｰ06080401 010507 ｨｪｨ 09 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ 06050202 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04: 1) ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ02 09 060906ｨ 0401 000608ｨｬｨ 01 ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, 09 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ010907 ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 00ｨｬ060506010203ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ03; 2) 06ｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨ ｨｪ0401 04ｨ 09020102ｨｪｨｨ0701 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨｪｨ 07 000608ｨｬｨ ｨｬｨ 0909060906ｨｦ 090602ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ; 3) ｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹ03ｨ 07 ﾂｨｮ0909ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪｨｪ0609ｨ 02ｨｨ07ｨｬ. 01ｨ 03 0106ｨｺ05ｨ 01 07080209050201ｨｮ02ｨｰ 070802030102 0909020006 010209ｨｺ08ｨｨ07ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0402 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨｨ: 0607ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 000608ｨｬ04 06ｨｬ0608ｨ ｨｨ 07080201070605ｨ 00ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｨ01 090609070806ｨｨ0409020102ｨｪｨｨ02 090602ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0402 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ06080402 09 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ 0605ｨｹ0302ｨｦ 09ｨｰ020702ｨｪｨｨ 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｪ04 010507 0906090802ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 08060909ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｬ060506010203ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0908020104 ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ06080402 ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨ 040506 ｨ 04 09 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09070202ｨｨ00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ060506010203ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 07080609050201ｨｨｨｰｨｹ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ 05ｨｰｨｨ 000608ｨｬ04 ｨｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 09090704ｨ ｨｪ04, 09 0601ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ060806ｨｪ04, 09 ｨｪｨ 09050201ｨｨ02ｨｬ 09060902ｨｰ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ0804 ｨｨ 0202 080202020702ｨｨ02ｨｦ 09 ｨｪ04ｨｪ0203ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｬ060506010203ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ0802, 09 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ 09ｨｰ060806ｨｪ04, ｨC 09 ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ 090602ｨｨ06ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ060006 ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ060006 07080609ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ09ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ06080402 070806ｨｨ04060305ｨｨ 09 070609ｨｰ09060902ｨｰ09ｨｺｨｮ06 05070601ｨｮ. 0308020109ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｮ09050609ｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｰｨｨ0706050600ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｮ06 ｨｺｨ 08ｨｰｨｨｨｪｨｮ 0906090802ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ060006 ｨｬ060506010203ｨｪ060006 06ｨｬ0608ｨ 09 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｺ05ｨ 09090609 090602ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06-ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0401 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨｨｺ, 09 08ｨ ｨｬｨｺｨ 01 ｨｺ06ｨｰ06080401 06ｨｪ 090604ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｰ. 1. 01ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ 09ｨｰｨｮ0102ｨｪ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｬ0201060906ｨｦ 000605ｨｹｨｺ050608 09060108ｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ0907 09 090906ｨｨ01 010609ｨｰｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｰ08ｨ 01ｨｨ02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ0401 000608ｨｬｨ 01 (ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ04 06 09ｨｰｨｮ0102ｨｪｨｰｨ 01 ｨｨ 070802070601ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰ02050701, 07020802010205ｨｺｨｨ 070605ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺ05ｨ 0909ｨｨｨｺｨｨ, 03ｨｮｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0402 0008ｨ 0000ｨｨｨｰｨｨ 09 ｨｰｨｮｨ 0502ｨｰｨ 01 ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 07ｨ 08ｨｰｨ 01 ｨｨ ｨｰ. 07.), ｨｬｨ 0506 09ｨｨ0106ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ0903ｨｨ09ｨｹ 09 07060401ｨｪ0209060902ｨｰ09ｨｺ060006 070208ｨｨ0601ｨ. 06ｨｰ06 09090704ｨ ｨｪ06 0906 09ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 090602ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 010601ｨｨｨｰ0907 0506ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ0907, ｨｨ, 090606ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06, 09 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｪ04ｨｬ 010507 ｨｪ020006 ｨｪ020708ｨｨ07ｨｰｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｨ 060708060902080302ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 0907040409ｨ 02ｨｬ0401 ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ0401 0202ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ. 10
132. 06ｨｪ01ｨｮ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ07 06ｨｬ0608ｨ 09 0908020109ｨｰ09ｨ 01 ｨｬｨ 0909060906ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 1) 01ｨｮｨｰｨｺｨｨ 090201ｨｮｨｴｨｨ01 ｨｬｨｮ0404ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0401, ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ0401, 08ｨ 04090502ｨｺｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｰ020502- ｨｨ 08ｨ 01ｨｨ060702080201ｨ ﾂ ｨC 09070202ｨｨ00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｹ, ｨｰｨｨ0706050600ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｰ08ｨ 01ｨｨ02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨ ｨ 05ｨ 00ｨｮ0809ｨｰ09ｨｮ. 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨ 0608 07080202020102ｨｪｨｰｨｪ0401 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ0609 010507 06ｨ 0400080409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ﾂ020807ｨ 02ｨｰ0907, 09 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｨ04 ｨ 080902ｨｪｨ 05ｨ 09060902ｨｰ09ｨｺ060006 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ0609060006 07080609ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ09ｨ (0102ｨｰ09ｨｺｨ 07 05ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨ ｨｰｨｮ08ｨ, 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 050604ｨｮｨｪ00ｨｨ, 09060902ｨｰ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 000605ｨｹｨｺ050608, ｨｺｨｨｨｪ0602ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰ04 ｨｨ ｨｰ. 07.) 2) 07ｨｬ0608ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 0306ｨｮ-0708060008ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04. 080001-0109ｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨ02 070605ｨｮ ﾂｨｨ0506 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｮ06 070607ｨｮ050708ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 09080201ｨｨ ｨｬ060506010203ｨｨ (09ｨｰｨ 080302ｨｺ05ｨ 0909ｨｪｨｨｨｺ0609 ｨｨ 09ｨｰｨｮ0102ｨｪｨｰ0609) 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202 1990-01 ｨC ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 0502 2000-01 0006010609, 09 080204ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ02 ﾂ020006 06ｨ 08ｨ 040609ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｹ (ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ 0405ｨ 090609070806ｨｨ0409020102ｨｪｨ ) 060906ｨ ｨ 07 09ｨｮｨ ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08ｨ ｨｺ05090505ｨｪｨｴｨｨｨｺ0609 0906 090906ｨｨｨｬｨｨ 000608ｨｬｨ ｨｬｨｨ 010207ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, 090602ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ0806ｨｦ, 090502ｨｪ0006ｨｬ. 050906ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 080001 0209ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ 09 ｨｺｨ 030106ｨｬ 00070502, ｨｨｨｪ060001ｨ 09060401ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨｬ020309ｨｮ04060909ｨｺｨｨ02 000608060109ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｺ05ｨｮｨ 04. 0308ｨｨ ｨｺｨ 030106ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0102 0209ｨｰｨｹ 0008ｨｮ0707ｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ01, ｨｨ04 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 0802ｨｺ08ｨｮｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｪ06090402 ﾂ0502ｨｪ04 0609ｨｪ0609ｨｪ060006 090609ｨｰｨ 09ｨ. 03080609060107ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 08020702ｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｪ06 ｨｨ 09070202ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0402 04ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07, ｨｬｨ 09ｨｰ0208-ｨｺ05ｨ 090904 0906 0409020401ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 080001, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ06080401 ｨｪ0609ｨｨ ﾂｨｺ0609 06ｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ 000608ｨｬｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ02ｨｬｨ ｨｬ 0509ｨｰ08ｨ 01ｨｪ060006 0609ｨｰ0806ｨｮｨｬｨｨ07. 0905ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ 07 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨ07 09ｨｺ05ｨ 010409ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 0906ｨｺ08ｨｮ00 ｨｪ060906ｨｦ 06ｨｬ0608ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｬ060506010203ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ0205020708060008ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04 Comedy club. 3. 07ｨｬ0608 ｨｬ060506010203ｨｪ0401 09ｨｮｨ ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08 05 1990-01 0006010609 09 04060909ｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06 070806010601ｨｨｨｰ 07080602020909 09ｨｮｨ ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08ｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｬ060506010203ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0908020104: 09 070208ｨｨ000208ｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｮｨ ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 07 03ｨｨ04ｨｪｨｹ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ 070208020305ｨ ｨｪｨ 070605060302ｨｪｨｨ02 00ｨｬ05ｨｦｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬｨ 03. 0308ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨ 030104ｨｦ ｨｰｨｨｨｪ05ｨｦ01030208, 0706 ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｦｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｬ020802 03ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｴｨｨｨｦ 09 ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｬ 000608060102, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ ﾂ02 080203ｨ 02ｨｰ 090607080609 09090602ｨｦ 09ｨｮｨ ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, 0904ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ 07 ﾂｨｰ06-ｨｰ06 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0708ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｨ07ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06 0609ｨｰｨ 09ｨ 0709ｨｹ 09ｨｪ02. 00 09090704ｨｨ 09 05ｨｰｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ060506010203ｨｪｨ 07 ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0609ｨ 07 09ｨｰｨ 05ｨ 09 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ020702ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 09090602ｨｨｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 09 09ｨｮｨ ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ010206050600ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 1) 00ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｦ 06ｨｬ0608 09ｨｮｨ ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ060006 090606ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨ ｨC ｨｰ02 ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 0008ｨｮ070704 06ｨｬ0608ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ0609, ｨｺ06ｨｰ06080402 070609ｨｰ080602ｨｪ04 ｨｪｨ 06ｨ 0400080409ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 010507 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｮｨ ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ0804 09ｨｨｨｬ0906050609, 0802ｨ 05ｨｨｨｦ, 07080202020102ｨｪｨｰｨｪ0401 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ0609, 090502ｨｪ00ｨ. 06ｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ04 ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 0102ｨｺ09ｨ ｨｰｨｪ06 0706ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 010609ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 05000002ｨｺｨｰｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 09 0908020102 0706090907ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 (ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 03ｨｮｨｰｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ04 ｨｰ0605ｨｺｨｨ02ｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ0609, ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02 0102ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ060006 04ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 070806ｨｨ0409020102ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 060605ｨｺｨｨ02ｨｪｨ ) ｨｨ, 0706 09ｨｮｨｰｨｨ, 0709050706ｨｰ0907 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0609ｨｨ01ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ 040409ｨ 02ｨｬ060006 ｨｺ0608070608ｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ060006 06ｨｬ0608ｨ. 2) 02ｨ ｨｴ0202 07080609ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ0906 09ｨｮｨ ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ060006 06ｨｬ0608ｨ 06ｨ 02090702 ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06, ｨｪ0209ｨｬ06ｨｰ0807 ｨｪｨ 090902 ｨｨ010206050600ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 070806ｨｰｨｨ09060802 ﾂｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｬ02030008ｨｮ0707060906ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨ 0006ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｬ (ｨ 0906 ｨｬｨｪ060006ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨ 05ｨ 000601ｨ 0807 05ｨｰｨｨｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｬ), 090907 09060906ｨｺｨｮ07ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ060506010203ｨｪ0401 0109ｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 090609ｨｰｨ 09050702ｨｰ 0201ｨｨｨｪ0602 090602ｨｨ06ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ0602 07060502, 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ04ｨｮ06ｨｴ02020907 ｨｮ09050609ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｨ 070806ｨｪｨｨ02ｨ 02ｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ 070609ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｬｨｨ0008ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 0708060202090906ｨｬ (0702080201060106ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪ01ｨｨ09ｨｨ010609 ｨｨ04 0601ｨｪ060006 090606ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨ 09 0108ｨｮ000602). 050606ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06, 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ 000608ｨｬ04 09ｨｮｨ ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ060006 06ｨｬ0608ｨ, 08ｨ 0909 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ090705ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨ06 06ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ060506010203ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 0109ｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 0008ｨｮ0707ｨ ｨｬｨｨ (ｨｨｨｪ0902ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0402 07020802ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ 000608ｨｮｨｬｨ 01 0708020109ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ 0908ｨ 0301ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 090606ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ09, ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ04 0108ｨｮ00 06 0108ｨｮ0002 ｨｨ ｨｰ. 07.), ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 09090704ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 09 06ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ 010507 09090201 090606ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ09 ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｬｨｨ (ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 09ｨｰ00ｨ ｨｪｨ 01 000607ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 07060709ｨｮ03ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨC 090602ｨｨ06ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨ 0006ｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ 0909020006 ｨｬｨｨ08ｨ ｨｪ02000608ｨｬｨ 050609). 06ｨｰｨｨ 000608ｨｬ04 ﾂｨ ｨｴ02 0909020006 0802ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ0907 09 06ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 07060908020109ｨｰ0906ｨｬ 06ｨｪｨｰ0208ｨｪ02ｨｰｨ. 4. 0502ｨｰ020906ｨｦ ｨｬ060506010203ｨｪ04ｨｦ 06ｨｬ0608 050606ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ0906 070605ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ 06ｨｪｨｰ0208ｨｪ02ｨｰ 09 02020506ｨｬ ｨｪ020708ｨ 0906ｨｬ0208ｨｪ06 06ｨｰ0603010209ｨｰ090507ｨｰｨｹ 09 ｨｬ060506010203ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0908020106ｨｦ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 090209ｨｹ 0705ｨ 09ｨｰ 0902ｨｰ0209060006 06ｨｬ0608ｨ, 09 ｨｬ060506010203ｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨｬ060806ｨｬ. 05ｨｺ06080202, 0802 ﾂｨｹ 01060503ｨｪｨ ｨｨ01ｨｰｨｨ 06 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨ 01 09ｨｨ08ｨｰｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ060006 06ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｨ09070605ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ0401 ｨｬ060506010203ｨｹ06, 070802030102 0909020006 ｨC ﾂｨ ｨｰｨ 01 ｨｨ 000608ｨｮｨｬｨ 01 ｨｬ060506010203ｨｪ0401 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ0609. 0306 05ｨｰｨｨｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨ ｨｬ, 0906-070208090401, 08ｨ 0907080609ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ0706ｨｰ0907 0902ｨｰ02090402 03ｨｮｨｰｨｺｨｨ, 070607ｨｮ050708ｨｪ0402 09080201ｨｨ 070601080609ｨｰｨｺ0609 ｨｨ ｨｬ060506010203ｨｨ. 0808ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208 ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨC 08ｨ 0907080609ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ 090906 09000208ｨｮ 09ｨｨ08ｨｰｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ060006 ｨｬ060506010203ｨｪ060006 06ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ 040409ｨ 02ｨｬ060006 00070404ｨｺｨ 07060106ｨｪｨｺ060903 (0706090502010609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0602 ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02 060800060008ｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 06ｨ 05ｨｨｨｺｨ 09050609ｨ : 00ｨ 00ｨｰｨ 08 030306ｨｰ03 (00ｨ 09ｨｰ0608 030302ｨｰ03, 0706050603ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪｨ 07 060202ｨｪｨｺｨ ), 0007080209020103 (=000708ｨｨ0902ｨｰ03) ｨｨ ｨｰ. 07.), ｨｨ04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06 090604ｨｪｨｨｨｺ03020006 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 000608ｨｬｨ 09ｨｮｨ ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ060006 06ｨｬ0608ｨ, 070609ｨｰ080602ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨ ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0401 ｨｺ05ｨｨ0302 ｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ0609, ｨｪｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 09 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ0802 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 06ｨ 0400080409ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ01 020006 0708ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02. ﾁｨｰ06 ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨ 080902ｨｪｨ 05ｨ 03ｨ ｨｪ0806090401 000608ｨｬ (ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ, 03ｨｮｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ 000608ｨｨ04ｨｬ, 0609ｨｰ0806ｨｮｨｬｨｪ04ｨｦ 06ｨｰ0902ｨｰ, ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｬ0608ｨ ｨｰ, 07020802010205ｨｺｨ ｨｨ 070806 ﾂ.) ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ02ｨｬ0609 09060401ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 05000002ｨｺｨｰｨ (000806ｨｰ0209ｨｺ, ｨｨ0806ｨｪｨｨ07, 070404ｨｺ0609ｨ 07 ｨｨ0008ｨ, 06ｨｰ090405ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 07080202020102ｨｪｨｰｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨｮ, ｨｮ0706ｨｰ0802ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨｨｪ0902ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09 ｨｨ 070806 ﾂ.), 09 09ｨｨ05ｨｮ ｨｨ01 ｨｮｨｪｨｨ09020809ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ060006 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨ, 0609ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ02ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ. 000603ｨｪ06 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ 0006090608ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ 0607080201020502ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｺ06080802050702ｨｨ0701 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｰｨｨ0706ｨｬ 090602ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06-ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ060006 ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ ｨｨ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ020702ｨｪｨｹ06 070802010706 ﾂｨｰｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ0201 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ0401 000608ｨｬ ｨｨ/ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ02ｨｬ0609 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 (ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 010507 ｨｬｨ ｨｪ020804 090201ｨｮｨｴｨｨ01 08ｨ 01ｨｨ060708060008ｨ ｨｬｨｬ ｨ 06050202 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｪｨ 070404ｨｺ0609ｨ 07 ｨｨ0008ｨ, 010507 000605ｨｹｨｺ050608ｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｺｨｨ02ｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ0609 ｨC ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｰ. 07.). 080806ｨｬ02 ｨｰ060006, 07060709050706ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ06090402 000608ｨｬ04 08020708020402ｨｪｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 06ｨｬ0608ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ0609, 09090704ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 09 ｨｪ060904ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ0201ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ 090604ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰ07ｨｬｨｨ (09ｨ ｨｬ06010207ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨｺ05ｨｨ0704, ｨｬｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ00ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｬ04, 0708060008ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04-0806040400080403ｨｨ, SMS-03ｨｮｨｰｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ. 07.). 11
13POST-SOCIALISM AND POLITICAL JOKES IN ESTONIAN INTERNET Liisi Laineste (Tartu) Political jokes from Estonia ｯs major joke source situated at www.delfi.ee/jokes will be analysed in the presentation. Delfi Jokepage is a popular site with about 20 new jokes daily. Jokes from the category of political humour, from the years 2000 to 2006, were included in the analysis, altogether 854 jokes. First of all it is always useful to examine the medium where the jokes are being published. Most essential features of it are on-line news and its commentaries. The number of commentaries through the years 2000 ｨC 2006 show quite clearly that the number of commentaries is rising alonside with and as an identification of the popularity of the portal. Also the quantity of news was rising until 2004. At the same time, overall number of jokes follows a falling trend. Since the launch of the joke page in February 2000 and after the first high tide of fascination, there has been one slight revival in 2004. Some reorganizations took place on the joke site causing greater interest among Internet users. But trendline delineates the falling tendency. Statistics shows a negative correlation between the daily amount of both news and commentaries and the overall amouont of jokes. The number of political jokes in that period has remained quite stable, with a general tendency of a slightly rising popularity. When comparing this to other categories from the same joke page, we see a different pattern: the number of jokes about animals, ethnic groups or sexual themes behaves quite like the graph with overall number of jokes. What may be the reasons for that? First of all, it shows that political jokes are event-dependent, the high and low tides follow the political event calender quite closely (with only a slight delay). They are similar to catastrophe jokes in this respect. Also, the interest in other jokes is falling because there is a set of them that their reserves are limited while political jokes react to situations and are a relevant congitive tool in everyday life. Political jokes may also be a genre that appeals to Internet-users. Delfi is a portal where information blends well with entertainment, including jokes. Also commentaries often involve irony, sarcasm etc. The cateory of political jokes is hardly homogenous, and the most evident divides are those between old soviet jokes and new jokes. Among new jokes it is possible to differentiate between those new jokes that have excisted before but with different characters, ie transformed jokes with mostly non-political versions, jokes translated from other languages, primarily English, and jokes created specifically on the occasion with no previous version, which can be quite rare. Looking at the dynamics of the jokes through the last six years reveals that the changes in the popularity of these subcategories are obvious. Most visible of these is the rising interest in local state affairs. Besides local issues, also some interest in foreign affairs has risen, though a part of it may be not due to emotional involvement but better access to jokes and translations. The share of old Soviet jokes among contemporary political humour seems to be falling in favour of our own issues and politicians as butts of jokes. I will also briefly describe the difference in choice of targets in two main subcategories: old Soviet jokes and new jokes (or old jokes with new and topical characters). This is an issue that relates closely to the supposition Alexander Rose posed in his article about political jokes under different regimes. He maintains that jokes from totalitarian regime differ from the ones made in democratic conditions mainly by the subject matter: the first make fun of the system and avoid naming any persons, while democracy allows ridicule on the leaders. After analysing the choice of targets in different subcategories of political jokes, I would suggest that the difference is more complicated. Leaders are laughed at in both cases. But the difference lies more in the fact that totalitarian regimes turn nearly any joke into a political joke: any joke can acquire political connotation, be it a sexual or ethnic joke, concerned with animals, work, daily life in general etc. It also seems that political allusion in jokes is in some cases (in some socio-political frameworks) only a metacategory, background noise, overtone (like absurdness in jokes). It appears regardless of the main category the joke belongs to. Politics as well as absurdness invades jokes, be it because of specific sociopolitical circumstances (like in the case of political humour in totalitarian societies) or because there is an inclination towards enjoying a certain kind humour within a group. The most important finding of the present research is that at least political jokes are not losing their edge and appeal to Internet users. Even if we were telling less jokes, and even sending less jokes, political humour is a functional and popular way of discussing the fast changes in our society, decisions that affect them, and personal characteristics of the people who are responsible for it all. What we also need in further studies is a more comprehensive study on the nature of postsocialist joking with relevant comparisons to Soviet period and on the other hand Western jokelore through the years. It would not only give overview of 12
13the present situation of jokes in the former Soviet block, but allows an insight into more basic questions like the characteristics and status of political jokes under different regimes and in transformational societies. 03020506050200060809060500 06 030209060606 ﾂ0305080603 0801030802020604 00 060506020105080200 060106030401030603 09ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｪ0209ｨｰ02 (06ｨ 08ｨｰｨｮ) 00 0106ｨｺ05ｨ 0102 01ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609, 090601020803ｨ ｨｴｨｨ010907 09 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ 06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｬｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺ02 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609 0609ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 www.delfi.ee/jokes. Delfi Jokepage ｨC 070607ｨｮ050708ｨｪｨ 07 06ｨｪｨｰ0208ｨｪ02ｨｰ-09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨ, 02030201ｨｪ0209ｨｪ06 0706070605ｨｪ0702ｨｬｨ 07 0708ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 20 ｨｪ060904ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 00 ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04 ｨ 0405ｨｨ 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪ04 854 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰｨ 070208ｨｨ0601ｨ 09 2000-2006 0000., 06ｨｰｨｪ060907ｨｴｨｨ020907 ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02000608ｨｨｨｨ 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 06ｨｬ0608ｨ. 030802030102 0909020006 0706050204ｨｪ06 ｨｨ09090502010609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ09ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺ, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｬ 07ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺｨｮ06ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ04. 0209ｨｪ0609ｨｪｨ 07 060906ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ060006 ｨｨ09ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨC ｨｪ06090609ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｪ05ｨ ｨｦｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 08ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨｨｨｬ. 07090205ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ060006 ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 08ｨｨ0209 04ｨ 2000-2006 0000. 090209ｨｹｨｬｨ 0709ｨｪ06 ｨｮｨｺｨ 040409ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 080609ｨｰ 070607ｨｮ050708ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 070608ｨｰｨ 05ｨ. 0206 2004 00. ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 050609ｨｹ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｨ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0906 07ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺｨｮ02ｨｬ0401 ｨｪ06090609ｨｰ02ｨｦ. 00 ｨｰ06 0302 090802ｨｬ07, 06ｨ ｨｴ0202 ﾂｨｨ090506 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609 ｨｨｨｬ020506 ｨｰ02ｨｪ0102ｨｪ02ｨｨ06 ｨｺ 0906ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ06. 0306090502 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｺｨｨ 09 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09 00020908ｨ 0502 2000 00. ｨｨ 0702080906ｨｦ 090605ｨｪ04 070607ｨｮ050708ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨ 0605ｨｹ030602 0603ｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨ 050601ｨ 050609ｨｹ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 09 2004 00. 0102ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ 07 0802060800ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨ07, ｨｨｨｬ020903ｨ 07 ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02, 09040409ｨ 05ｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｦ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ02080209 09080201ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ0208ｨｪ02ｨｰ-070605ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ. 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 ｨｺ08ｨｨ09ｨ 07 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ07 ｨｨ0102ｨｰ 0706 ｨｪｨｨ0907ｨ 01ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ. 05ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ 0706ｨｺｨ 040409ｨ 02ｨｰ 06ｨｰ08ｨｨ02ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｺ06080802050702ｨｨ06 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ 02030201ｨｪ0209ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0906ｨｬ ｨｪ06090609ｨｰ02ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 08ｨｨ0209 ｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｬ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0906ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609. ﾁｨｨ090506 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609 09 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 070208ｨｨ0601 0609ｨｰｨ 09ｨ 050609ｨｹ 090209ｨｹｨｬｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ 09 ｨｪ02ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ ｨｰ02ｨｪ0102ｨｪ02ｨｨ02ｨｦ ｨｺ 070609040302ｨｪｨｨ06 070607ｨｮ050708ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ. 030905ｨｨ 0908ｨ 09ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01 09 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02000608ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0302 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02, ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨｮ09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ 09050201ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｮ06 ｨｺｨ 08ｨｰｨｨｨｪｨｮ: ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0906 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609 06 03ｨｨ0906ｨｰｨｪ0401, 05ｨｰｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 0008ｨｮ0707ｨ 01 ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0902ｨｺ09ｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｪｨ 01060107ｨｰ0907 09080201ｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｴ020006 ﾂｨｨ0905ｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609 09 0106ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｬ 070605060302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ. ﾁｨｰ06 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ06ｨｦ 05ｨｰ060006? 030802030102 0909020006, 05ｨｰ06 0706ｨｺｨ 040409ｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ06 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ04 04ｨ 09ｨｨ0907ｨｰ 06ｨｰ 070806ｨｨ0901060107ｨｴｨｨ01 0906ｨ 04ｨｰｨｨｨｦ, 070609040302ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ0302ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ01 ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ 09050201ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｪ0207060908020109ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06 04ｨ 0906ｨ 04ｨｰｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 ｨｺｨ 0502ｨｪ01ｨ 0807 (05ｨｨ03ｨｹ 09 ｨｪ02ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ 04ｨ 01020803ｨｺ06ｨｦ). 00 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 06ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 06ｨｪｨｨ 07060106ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰｨ ｨｬ 06 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｰ080600ｨ 01. 080806ｨｬ02 ｨｰ060006, ｨｨｨｪｨｰ02080209 ｨｺ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰｨ ｨｬ 07ｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ, 0706ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｨ01 080204020809 060008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ, ｨｰ060001ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ04 0802ｨ 00ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨ06 ｨｨ 0709050706ｨｰ0907 ｨｮｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｺ0600ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ06ｨｬ 09 ｨｺｨ 03010601ｨｪ0209ｨｪ06ｨｦ 03ｨｨ04ｨｪｨｨ. 030605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ04 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 03ｨ ｨｪ0806ｨｬ, 0708ｨｨ090502ｨｺｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ 010507 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ0208ｨｪ02ｨｰ-070605ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ. Delfi ｨC 05ｨｰ06 070608ｨｰｨ 05, 000102 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ07 090609ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨ 09 08ｨ 04090502 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ, 09 ｨｰ06ｨｬ ﾂｨｨ090502 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 05ｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｮ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 08ｨｨｨｨ 090601020803ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ0806ｨｪｨｨ06, 09ｨ 08ｨｺｨ 04ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｰ. 01. 08ｨ ｨｰ02000608ｨｨ07 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ 0601ｨｪ06080601ｨｪｨ, 09ｨ ｨｬ0602 06 ﾂ0209ｨｨ01ｨｪ0602 08ｨ 0401020502ｨｪｨｨ02 07080609050203ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ 09ｨｰｨ 0804ｨｬｨｨ 09060902ｨｰ09ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ060904ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 05080201ｨｨ ｨｪ06090401 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609 ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 0904010205ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ02, ｨｺ06ｨｰ06080402 ｨ 04ｨｰ0609ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨ 070802030102, ｨｪ06 090601020803ｨ 05ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ02 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ020804, ｨｰ. 02. 07080206ｨ 08ｨ 040609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ04, 0005ｨ 09ｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ 09 ｨ 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 09020809ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ; ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ04, 0702080209020102ｨｪｨｪ0402 09 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 070404ｨｺ0609, 070802030102 0909020006 09 ｨ ｨｪ0005ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺ060006; ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ04, 09060401ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 0706 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 06 ｨｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｴｨｨ02 070802010401ｨｮｨｴｨｨ01 09020809ｨｨｨｦ, 070609050201ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 090209ｨｹｨｬｨ 080201ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ. 02ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609 070609050201ｨｪｨｨ01 030209ｨｰｨｨ 0502ｨｰ ｨｮｨｺｨ 040409ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 06 ﾂ0209ｨｨ01ｨｪ0402 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09 070607ｨｮ050708ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨｰｨｨ01 070601ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02000608ｨｨｨｦ. 0906050202 0909020006 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ02ｨｪ 0706090403ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ0907 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ02080209 ｨｺ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬ 000609ｨｮ01ｨ 0809ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 010205ｨ ｨｬ. 0306ｨｬｨｨｨｬ06 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪｨｨ01 0906070806090609, ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 0706090409ｨｨ050907 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ02080209 ｨｺ 04ｨ 08ｨｮｨ 0203ｨｪ04ｨｬ 010205ｨ ｨｬ, 0106ｨｰ07 05ｨｰ06 ｨｬ06000506 070806ｨｨ0406ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ02 09ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｨ04-04ｨ 05ｨｬ0602ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 0708ｨｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, 09ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｨ04-04ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ03020006 010609ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ 07020802090601ｨ ｨｬ. 02060507 09ｨｰｨ 080401 09060902ｨｰ09ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609 09 0906090802ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬ 06ｨｬ060802, ｨｺｨ 0302ｨｰ0907, 0906ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ0907 09 070605ｨｹ04ｨｮ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ06080401 ｨｬｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｹ06 090409ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨ 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪｨｨ02 010205ｨ ｨｨ 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 010207ｨｰ0205ｨｨ. 080806ｨｬ02 ｨｰ060006, 09 0106ｨｺ05ｨ 0102 01ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｰｨｺ0602 0607ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｦ 09 0904ｨ 060802 ｨｬｨｨ0302ｨｪ02ｨｦ 0109ｨｮ01 0609ｨｪ0609ｨｪ0401 070601ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02000608ｨｨｨｦ: 09ｨｰｨ 080401 09060902ｨｰ09ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｨ ｨｪ06090401 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609 (ｨｨ05ｨｨ 09ｨｰｨ 080401 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609 09 ｨｪ060904ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨ ｨｬｨｨ). 06ｨｰ06ｨｰ 090607080609 ｨｰ0209ｨｪ06 09090704ｨ ｨｪ 09 00ｨｨ0706ｨｰ020406ｨｦ Alexander Rose, 09000608ｨｬｨｮ05ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 09 020006 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ02 06 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰｨ 01 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0401 080203ｨｨｨｬ0609. 02ｨｪ ｨｮｨｰ0902080301ｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ04 ｨｰ06ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨｨｰｨ 08ｨｪ060006 080203ｨｨｨｬｨ 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ0907 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609, 07060709ｨｨ0903ｨｨ010907 09 0102ｨｬ06ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｮ09050609ｨｨ0701, 0005ｨ 09ｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ 07080201ｨｬ02ｨｰ06ｨｬ 06ｨ 09ｨｮ030102ｨｪｨｨ07: 070208090402 090409ｨｬ02ｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨ 0200ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 040409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ, 09ｨｰ06080402 0302 090409ｨｬ02ｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ 05ｨｨ0102080609. 08ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04 0904ｨ 0608ｨ ｨｬｨｨ0302ｨｪ02ｨｦ 09 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0401 070601ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02000608ｨｨ0701 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609 01ｨ 02ｨｰ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 070802010706050603ｨｨｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ06 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ07 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨ 06050202 09050603ｨｪ0402. 09ｨｨ01020804 090409ｨｬ02ｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 09 06ｨ 06ｨｨ01 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 0701. 04ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02 0302 09 ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302ｨｦ 09ｨｰ020702ｨｪｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ0907 09 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 09 ｨｰ06ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨｨｰｨ 08ｨｪ06ｨｬ 080203ｨｨｨｬ02 0706 ﾂｨｰｨｨ ｨｺｨ 030104ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0907 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ: ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ04 0708ｨｨ06ｨ 0802ｨｰｨ 06ｨｰ 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 070601ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ, ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｹ ｨｰ06 0902ｨｺ09ｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 05ｨｰｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ, ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ 06 03ｨｨ0906ｨｰｨｪ0401, 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ02, 070609090201ｨｪ0209ｨｪ06ｨｦ 03ｨｨ04ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ 0708. 05ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｪ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302, ﾂｨｰ06 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ02ｨｺ, 0708ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 09 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ02, 09 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ06080401 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 0701 13
13(09 090602ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06-070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02) 0709050702ｨｰ0907 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02000608ｨｨ02ｨｦ, 0006ｨｪ060904ｨｬ 03ｨｮｨｬ06ｨｬ, 070601ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ06ｨｬ (ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｮ0801 09 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰｨ 01). 06 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪ0209ｨｬ06ｨｰ0807 ｨｪｨ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02000608ｨｨ06, ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ 0708ｨｨｨｪｨ 01050203ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ. 030605ｨｨｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ, 08ｨ 09ｨｪ06 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｮ0801, 070806ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｰ 09 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ 09 09ｨｨ05ｨｮ 09070202ｨｨ00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 090602ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ (ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 09 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 06ｨｬ0608ｨ 09 ｨｰ06ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨｨｰｨ 08ｨｪ0401 06ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨ 01) ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｪ0102ｨｪ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ 070605ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｮ0106090605ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 06ｨｰ 0607080201020502ｨｪｨｪ060006 09ｨｨ01ｨ 06ｨｬ0608ｨ 09 0008ｨｮ070702. 00ｨ 03ｨｪ02ｨｦ03ｨｨｨｬ 090409060106ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ020006 ｨｨ09090502010609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 0709050702ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ06 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ04 ｨｪ02 0706ｨｰ02080705ｨｨ 09090602ｨｦ 0609ｨｰ0806ｨｰ04 ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ090502ｨｺｨ 06ｨｰ 06ｨｪｨｰ0208ｨｪ02ｨｰ-070605ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ. 02ｨ 0302 020905ｨｨ ｨｬ04 08ｨ 0909ｨｺｨ 040409ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ0302 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609, 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 06ｨｬ0608, ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ02ｨｪ0202, 0709050702ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ 070607ｨｮ050708ｨｪ04ｨｬ 0907060906ｨ 06ｨｬ 06ｨ 09ｨｮ030102ｨｪｨｨ07 07020802ｨｬ02ｨｪ 09 ｨｪｨ 0302ｨｬ 06ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902, 08020302ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, ｨｬ06ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｨ080609ｨ 0903ｨｨ01 05ｨｰｨｨ 07020802ｨｬ02ｨｪ04, 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0401 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｺ 05060102ｨｦ, 06ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ0401 04ｨ 05ｨｰ06. 020507 01ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ02ｨｦ03020006 ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨ 06050202 070605ｨｪ0602 ｨｨ09090502010609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 0708ｨｨ08060104 070609ｨｰ090602ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰｨ 09 0906070609ｨｰｨ 090502ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 09 09060902ｨｰ09ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 070208ｨｨ060106ｨｬ ｨｨ, 09 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ 09ｨｰ060806ｨｪ04, 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ0401 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609 090606ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴ020006 070208ｨｨ0601ｨ 090802ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ. 06ｨｰ06 ｨｪ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 01ｨ 09ｨｰ 06ｨ ｨｴ0202 0708020109ｨｰｨ 090502ｨｪｨｨ02 06 ｨｪ04ｨｪ0203ｨｪ02ｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 09 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09 ｨ 04090302ｨｬ 09060902ｨｰ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨ 0506ｨｺ02, ｨｪ06 ｨｨ 070604090605ｨｨｨｰ 070806ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ 09 00ｨｮｨｪ01ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0402 09060708060904, ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｮ09 070605ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ0106ｨｰ0609 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0401 080203ｨｨｨｬ0609 ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ0401 06ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ09. 14
13POLISH JOKELORE IN THE PERIOD OF TRANSITION Dorota Brzozowska (Warsaw) The aim of the presentation is to show the main tendencies of script changes in jokes popular in Poland at the beginning of the 21 st century. Those observable types of changes are connected with the political, social and economic situation of Poland after the year 1989 and the fall of communism. The proportions between the three groups of jokes considered to be the most numerous i.e. political, ethnic and sexual jokes are examined. Kawa06, one of the Polish equivalents for joke, is said to be ｰfirmly rooted in Polish history ｱ and ｰplays a colossal role in Polish culture ｱ (Wierzbicka 1991: 189). According to Wierzbicka the prototypical kawa06 is political. It promulgates ingroupness, solidarity and social integration vis-a-vis some outsiders. The traditionally largest group of jokes has recently been decreasing rapidly. For many years the main aim of jokes in Poland was to mock socialistic structures, the people who governed the country ｨC especially the first secretaries of the PZPR (Polish United Workers ｯ Party), the Soviet Union and the common citizens ｯ style of living. Due to this ingroup characteristic even nonverbal jokes were difficult to translate without additional background information. The first anthologies of political humor appeared at the beginning of the nineties (e.g. Dowcip surowo wzbroniony) and even the political jokes published ten years later were actually the jokes about the situation in Poland before 1989. The ethnic jokes are also different than they used to be. There was a tradition of telling jokes about three men of different nationalities for years known here as ｰPolak, Rusek, Niemiec ｱ. Now they are not so popular any longer. Furthermore, they ceased to have the Polish neighbors as obligatory heroes. Presently, the place of the Russian and the German is usually taken by an American, a Frenchman, a Dutch etc. Additionally, the Pole was always the cleverest hero in old jokes while the new jokes of this type are more similar to Polish jokes with a Pole, as the butt. In former times, typical Jewish humor was very widespread in Poland and the Jewish jokes were one of the most numerous groups in collections coming out before the Second World War. Now the percentage of Jewish jokes is really low. Jokes about Scots try to fill the gap caused by the absence of Jewish humor. As a result, there are more jokes about Scots than about Jewish people in new Polish anthologies even if the latter nation was not mentioned in the old collections at all. Enormous changes are easy to notice also in jokes with SEX/ NO SEX opposition as a considerable number of them followed the opening of sex-shops and the more widespread access to pornography. The role of female characters has changed, too. Women are very often described as sex objects or portrayed as sexually aggressive or stupid. Traditionally some jokes were popular with certain social groups of people and the subject of jokes depended on the audience ｯs background i.e. occupation, status or age. Currently, the new type of popculture promotes low culture jokes. Such jokes have become most common in Poland in the last few years. The political jokes have been substituted with politically incorrect jokes: sick, vulgar or tasteless ｨC printed in booklets or published in dailies and magazines. In the mid-nineties the ｰtruly tasteless jokes ｱ (e.g. from Blanche Knott ｯs series of books) made people feel offended and disgusted. A few years later telling, e- mailing and collecting sick and dirty jokes became a part of Polish sense of humor. One of the sources for jokes is the Internet, which influences not only the quantity, but also the quality of the transmitted jokes. The new fashion of sending jokes by e-mail is also present in Poland. Jokes were originally perceived as mainly oral texts, but it has recently been altered. New jokes spread much faster and humorous books grow in popularity, too. There are booklets and pocket size paperbacks easily available as well as thematically arranged hard-back collections of anecdotes and jokes. Jokes in Poland in the period of transition are becoming similar to those popular in other countries. They are losing their national style and are becoming more and more international and universal. The 21 st century is the period of the fast traveling jokes spamming e-mail accounts, and the jokes are definitely different from those Poles used to tell their friends even a decade earlier. 15