HDD HDD Interface Technology 58, 1, 01,2007 HDD FC ATA SATASerial Attached SCSI SAS HDD HDD HDD SATA HDD HDD Abstract To enable faster data transfer, the interface of hard disk drives (HDDs) has been changed from a parallel interface to a serial interface. Currently, the main interfaces being used are the Fibre Channel (FC), Serial ATA (SATA), and Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) interfaces. Until now, the HDD market segments corresponded to the serial interfaces that were available. However, because of the recent demands for cost reduction, interfaces are now being used for different segments. As a result, the HDD market segments have become fractionalized, and the correspondence between market segments and serial interfaces has been lost. For example, some enterprise HDDs now use a conventional low-end SATA. This paper describes the features of these serial interfaces and the interface technology of the HDD controller that enables serialization of the interfaces. It also discusses the technological problems of future HDD interfaces and their possible solutions. LSI 16 FUJITSU.58, 1, p.16-28 (01,2007)
HDD SCSI FC SAS ATA SATA HDD HDD HDD -1 HDD 1990 CE-ATA (6) 4 1 Gbps 10 1 100 M / FC (1) 2003 1.5 Gbps FC ATA SATA (2) 2004 3 Gbps Serial FC Attached SCSI SAS (3) FC HDD 1998 SATA SAS HDD 1 Gbps 2 Gbps 4 Gbps -1 Computer System Interface (5) 8 Gbps HDD FC -1 1 1 HDD HDD PC HDD ATA -2 AT Attachment (4) SCSI Small FC SCSI -1 HDD ATA IDE SATA SATA-2 SCSI SAS FC ATA ATA ATA/ATAPI SCSI SCSI SCSI 1980 2002 2005 1986 2005 1996 66 100 M / 1.5 Gbps 1.5 3 Gbps 320 M / 3 6 Gbps 1 2 4 8 Gbps 0.5 m 1 m 7 m 25/12 m 0.5 m/10 m 30 m/10 km 40 pin 7 15 pin 7 15 pin 80 pin 7 15 pin 40 pin 2 1 1 16 16 256 126 1 1 1 1 FC-AL EXP S/W / / PC/ PC/ /RAID JBOD/SBOD PC/ /RAID ATA SCSI RAID FUJITSU.58, 1, (01,2007) 17
HDD IP HDD FC HDD SCSI FC SAS SAS SATA FC HDD FC HDD -2 SAS 3 Gbps PLDA (7) FLA (8) 1 1 FC HDD 2 SAS SATA FCSATA SCSI SAS HDD a 1 1 c b d FC SAS HDD SCSI SATA SATA ATA 1 1 1.5 Gbps SATA e f -1 ATA Fig.1-Topology model. SATA -2 SCSI FC SAS ATA SATA SCSI-3 SCSI-3 SCSI-3ATAATA SCSI SCSI FIS 8B/10B 8B/10B OOB 8B/10B OOB 18 FUJITSU.58, 1, (01,2007)
HDD PC HDD HDD SATA FC ATA SATA FC-SATA SATA SATA CE-ATA SATA CE-ATA HDD MMC (9) 1 1 HDD PLL Phase Locked Loop ATA HDD HDD HDD HDD HDD FC HDD HDD FC SAS SATA SATA HDD SATA CE-ATA FC HDD FC HDD 24 HDD SATA HDD HDD SATA SATA HDD HDD Tier SATA SATA FC SATA SATA HDD HDD FC FC HDD FC HDD SAN Storage Area Network FUJITSU.58, 1, (01,2007) 19
HDD RAID Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks JBOD/SBOD Just abunch Of Disks/Switched HDD Bunch Of Disks HDD HDD FC RAID RAID RAID -1 HDD HDD -1 HDD - RAID HDD 1 1 1 HDD 2 SMB Small to Medium-sized Business RAID HDD HDD SAS SAS SATA HDD RAID 1 HDD FC SATA 3 FC PC HDD SCSI HDD SAS ATA HDD SATA 4 20 FUJITSU.58, 1, (01,2007)
HDD 1 LSI FC CMOS SAS SATA 8B/10B (10) HDD SCSI ATA HDD -2 HDD ATA 2 100 M / SCSI 320 M / HDD 10 12 1 BER Bit Error Rate -2 HDD Fig.2-Roadmap of HDD interface. FUJITSU.58, 1, (01,2007) 21
HDD 1/100-1/1000 SCSI BER ATA 512 (11) HDD FC SAS SATA HDD SCSI ATA NCITS T10/T13 (13) HDD HDD 8 10 CRC Cyclic Redundancy Interoperability FC SASCheck UNH University of New Hampshire IOL InterOperability Laboratory PlugfestHDC Hard Disk Controller CRC LBA Logical Block Address ECC Error Correction Code -2 SCSI ATA FC SAS 1 RAID HDD SCSI (12) RAID SCSI PC ATA (4) 22 FUJITSU.58, 1, (01,2007)
HDD End to End (14) ID HDD HDD HDD FC SATA FC SAS HDD TCG Trusted Computing Group (15) Trusted Peripheral TPer -3 FC HDD Fig.3-HDD controller for FC. FUJITSU.58, 1, (01,2007) 23
HDD 24 FUJITSU.58, 1, (01,2007) -4 FC Fig.4-Interface control logic for FC. FC HDD -3 HDC M M HDC 2 FC BCECC ECC DF FC FC ECC DF FC HDC 2 1 FC -4 FC RX PLL 10 10B/8B 8
HDD PLL/Decoder 3 SATA 4 1 SATA FIS R_IP Receive In Progress 1 1 1 FC FC HDD FC 8B/10B TX FC HDD FC-AL Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (1) FC -3 FC SATA -5 SATA FC -5 SATA Fig.5-Host interface control logic for SATA. FUJITSU.58, 1, (01,2007) 25
HDD ECC 100 M / MPU RAID Exclusive OR 100 M / 1150 M / FC 4 DDR RAM 150 MHz 1200 M / Loop Arbitration 800 M / FC 4 Gbps 1 1 2 HDD FC FC ECC FC 2 FC 425 M / 2 4.25 Gbps 2 2 100 M / FIFO First In 26 FUJITSU.58, 1, (01,2007)
HDD First Out SATA 1.5 Gbps 3 Gbps 1 2 FC 2 2 4 FC PLL HDD CE-ATA (9) ATA CE-ATA HDD HDD RAID HDD End-To-End Data Protection (11) HDD TCG (12) HDD HDD HDD FC 4 Gbps 8 Gbps SAS 3 Gbps 6 Gbps FUJITSU.58, 1, (01,2007) 27
HDD 9 MMCA Technical Committee The Multi Media 1 X3T11/Project1133D Fibre Channel Arbitrated Card Ver 3.31 2003/3 p.10 Loop FC-AL-2 Rev 7.0 1999/4/1 10 A. X. Widmer and P. A. Franaszek A DCbalanced, Partitioned-Block, 8B/10B Transmission 2 Serial ATA WG High Speed Serialized AT Attachment Rev 1.0 2000/11/15 Code IBM Jounal of Reseach and Development 3 X3T10/Project1601D Serial Attached SCSI-1.1 Vol. 27 No.5 p.440-451 1983 Rev 9 2005/3/18 11 INCITS T11.2/ Project1316-DT/Rev 12.1 Fiber 4 X3T13/Project1532D AT Attachment with Packet Channel Methodologies for Jitter and Signal Interface-7 volume1-register Delivered Command Quality Specification MJSQ Rev 12.1 2003.12.7 Set, Logical Register Set, Logical Register set p.26 ATA/ATA-7V1 2004/4/21 12 X3T10 SCSI Block Commands-2 (SBC-2) Rev 5 SCSI Parallel Interface-4 (SPI-4) Rev 10 16 2004/11/13 2002/05/06 http://www.t10.org/ftp/t10/drafts/sbc2/sbc2r16.pdf http://www.t10.org/ftp/t10/drafts/spi4/spi4r10.pdf 13 INCITS T10 SAT Working Group SCSI/ATA 6 CE-ATA WG CE-ATA Storage Interface Specification Translation (SAT) Rev 4 2005.5.17 p.xv Foreword Rev 1.001 2005/6/14 14 Jim Coomes SBC 32 Byte Commands for Endto-End Data Protection Rev 7 2004/4/21 7 X3T11/Project1162DT Fibre Channel Private Loop SCSI Direct Attach (FC-PLDA) Rev 2.1 http://www.t10.org/ftp/t10/document.03/03-307r7.pdf 1997/9/22 15 TCG Peripherals Work Group TPer & MCTP 8 NCITS T11/Project 1235-DT/Rev 2.7 FABLIC Requirements Ver 1.0 Rev 0.03 2004/8/13 LOOP ATTACHMENT (FC-FLA) Rev 2.7 1997.8.12 28 FUJITSU.58, 1, (01,2007)