Vol. 21, No. 2 (2014) W 3 mm SUS304 Ni 650 HV 810 HV Ni Ni Table1 Ni Ni μm SUS mm w 50 mm l 3 mm t 2.2 Fig. 1 XY Fig. 3 Sch

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1 110 : [email protected] - u.ac.jp Influence of Laser Beam Profile on Cladding Layer TANIGAWA Daichi, ABE Nobuyuki, TSUKAMOTO Masahiro, HAYASHI Yoshihiko, YAMAZAKI Hiroyuki, TATSUMI Yoshihiro and YONEYAMA Mikio Received November 27, 2013 Laser cladding is one of the useful methods for improving the quality of wear and corrosion resistance of material surfaces. In order to generate the sound cladding layer which has smooth surface and low dilution, optimizing the cladding parameter is necessary. The Ni - base self - fluxing alloy was deposited on SUS304 plate surface with direct diode laser. The influence of the laser beam profile were investigated on surface appearance and dilution of the cladding layer with a high speed video camera. The laser beam of the direct diode laser was shaped for improving the quality of the cladding layer with a copper mask. The surface appearance and Vickers hardness was improved by beam shaping. Key words : Laser cladding, Thin cladding layer, Ni - base self - fluxing alloy, Beam profile, Dilution 1. 1,2 3,4 kw mm 5,6 μm μm Table 1 Chemical composition of Ni - base self - fluxing alloy. Cr Si B Fe C Ni Particle size μm Bal

Vol. 21, No. 2 (2014) 111 300 W 3 mm SUS304 Ni 650 HV 810 HV Ni 2. 2.1 Ni Table1 Ni Ni 55-65 μm SUS304 50 mm w 50 mm l 3 mm t 2.

90% 85% 80% 100 μm 200 μm 250 W 500 fps 10 mm 30 0.5 N EDX 3. Fig.

2 Vol. 21, No. 2 (2014) W 3 mm SUS304 Ni 650 HV 810 HV Ni Ni Table1 Ni Ni μm SUS mm w 50 mm l 3 mm t 2.2 Fig. 1 XY Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of laser scanning method. 300 W Fig mm 0.52 mm Fig. 3 Fig. 3 XY SUS mm D d Overlap rate = d/ D 100 % 200 W 220 W 240 W 5 mm/s 10 mm/s 15 mm/s 95% 90% 85% 80% 100 μm 200 μm 250 W 500 fps 10 mm N EDX 3. Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of experimental system. Fig. 2 Laser beam profile of direct diode laser μm 220 W 95 % 5 mm/s 10 mm/s 15 mm/s Fig. 4 5 mm/s 15 mm/s 10 mm/s

b, e 10 and c, f 15 mm/s. Fig. 7 The area of smooth cladding layer formation. Fig. 5 Fig.

3 112 : Fig. 4 Optical images of cladding layer surfaces and cross sections at the scanning speed of a, d 5, b, e 10 and c, f 15 mm/s. Fig. 7 The area of smooth cladding layer formation. Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Optical images of cladding layer surfaces and cross sections at the laser power of a, d 200, b, e 220 and c, f 240 W. Optical images of cladding layer surfaces and cross sections at the overlap rate of a, d 85, b, e 90 and c, f 95 %. 10 mm/s 10 mm/s Fig mm/ 95% 200 W 220 W 240 W 200 W 240 W 10 mm/s 220 W 85 % 90% 95% Fig. 6 85% 90% Fig mm/s 220 W 95% HV 650 HV

Vol. 21, No. 2 (2014) 113 3.2 Ni 10 mm/s 220 W 95% Fig. 8 Fig. 8 a Fig. 8 b Fig.

11 a b A B 2 A 0.8 mm B 1.2 mm Fig. 11 c A B B 3.24 mm 1.1 mm Fig.

4 Vol. 21, No. 2 (2014) Ni 10 mm/s 220 W 95% Fig. 8 Fig. 8 a Fig. 8 b Fig ms Fig. 10 Fig. 10 a Fig. 10 b Ni SUS304 Fig. 11 a Fig. 11 b Fig. 11 c Fig. 11 a b A B 2 A 0.8 mm B 1.2 mm Fig. 11 c A B B 3.24 mm 1.1 mm Fig. 8 a Optical image of high speed observation area and b high speed observation image. Fig. 10 High speed image of a hump formation and b layer and substrate melting. 220 W, 10 mm/s and 95% Fig. 9 High speed images of powder gathering 220 W, 10 mm/s and 95%. Fig. 11 a Laser beam profile of direct diode laser b schematic diagram of laser intensity of direct diode laser and c the optical image of laser irradiated area.

114 : A B B 3.3 Fig. 12 0.8 mm 20 mm Fig. 11 a 20 mm 1 mm Fig. 13 B Fig.

14 a Fig. 14 b Fig. 15 Fig. 15 a 472.1 HV Fig. 15 b 681.9 HV Fig. 16 EDX Fe Fig.

Fig. 15 Vickers hardness of cladding layers a before beam shaping and b after beam

14 Optical images of cladding layer surfaces a before beam shaping and b after beam

5 114 : A B B 3.3 Fig mm 20 mm Fig. 11 a 20 mm 1 mm Fig. 13 B Fig. 12 Schematic diagram of laser beam shaping. 260 W 10 mm/s 320 μm 200 μm Fig. 14 Fig. 14 a Fig. 14 b Fig. 15 Fig. 15 a HV Fig. 15 b HV Fig. 16 EDX Fe Fig. 16 a SEM Fig. 16 b c Fe Fe Fe Ni Fe 7 Fe Fig. 13 Laser beam profile after beam shaping. Fig. 15 Vickers hardness of cladding layers a before beam shaping and b after beam shaping. Fig. 14 Optical images of cladding layer surfaces a before beam shaping and b after beam shaping. Fig. 16 EDX line analysis of elements at the inter - face between cladding layer and substrate a schematic diagram of cross section b before beam shaping and c after beam shaping.

6 Vol. 21, No. 2 (2014) SUS304 Ni Ni 1 Xu, G., Kutsuna, M., Liu, Z. and Yamada, K. : Comparison between diode laser and TIG cladding of Co - based alloys on the SUS403 stainless steel, Surf. Coat. Tech., 201, 2006, Luo, F., Yao, J., Hu, X. and Chai, G. : Effect of laser power on the cladding temperature field and the heat affected zone, J. Iron Steel Res. Int., 18-1, 2011, Yongjun, H. and Xiaoyan, Z. : Investigation on cracking behavior of Ni - based coating by laser - induction hybrid cladding, Appl. Surf. Sci., 256, 2010, Brueckner, F., Lepski, D. and Beyer, E. : Modeling the influence of process parameters and additional heat sources on residual stresses in laser cladding, J. Therm. Spray Tech., 16, 2007, Tabernero, I., Lamikiz, A., Ukar, E., López, L., Angulo, C. and Urbikain, G. : Numerical simulation and experimental validation of powder flux distribution in coaxial laser cladding, J. Mater. Process Tech., 210, 2010, Silva, M.D., Partes, K., Seefeld, T. and Vollertsen, V. : Comparison of coaxial and off - axis nozzle configurations in one step process laser cladding on aluminum substrate, J. Mater. Process Tech., 212, 2012, Hemmati, I., Ocelík, V., Hosson, J.M. : Dilution effects in laser cladding of Ni - Cr - B - Si - C hardfacing alloys, Mater. Lett., 84, 2012, 69.

特-4.indd

特-4.indd 1 000 Ni-Cr Tribological Characteristics of Ni-Cr Alloy at 1 000 C in Air R&D 1 000 Ni-Cr 1 000 Ni-Cr alloy sliding tests in atmosphere at 1 000 C were carried out and the process in which a glazed oxide