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1 ISSN 略称視覚の科学視覚の科学第２９巻 Jpn. J. Vis. Sci Vol.29. No JAPANESE JOURNAL OF VISUAL SCIENCE 第３号日本眼光学学会日本眼光学学会誌

6 Understanding Progressive Addition Lenses Optical Characteristics Fumio Takahashi Optical Design R&D Section, Research & Development Headquarters, Core Technology Center, Nikon Corporation 29: Progressive addition lenses (PALs) have some particular optical characteristics that derive from the corridor of the progressive surface along the meridian of the lens. In this paper, I will talk about the basic specifications and optical characteristics of these lenses. Advances in free-form cutting machines have enabled the fast fabrication of complex surfaces to high precision; consequently, this has led to the development of some new PAL. These are customized lenses whose creation takes into consideration various wearer conditions. Lens design is optimized to provide the best performance for the individual wearer. Some PAL may therefore have lens power information that differs from the usual. (Jpn J Vis Sci 29: 86-94, 2008) Key Words : Progressive addition lens, Lens specifications, Optical characteristics, Free-form cutting machine, Power measurement, Double indications 1. Reprint requests to: Fumio Takahashi Nikon Corporation Ohi Plant 6 3, Nishi-ohi 1-chome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo , Japan (Received and accepted June 27, 2008)

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15 Various Issues in the Manufacture of Progressive Power Glasses Taketoshi Suzuki Suzuki Eye Clinic Kichikoji 29: Progressive power glasses should be selected foremost in the correction of presbyopia; however, many Japanese feel negative toward them. This is because there are problems in those who wear, prescribe and manufacture glasses: in wearers, it is a lack of understanding; in technicians who prescribe and manufacture glasses, it is a lack of technology. Even if progressive power glasses are used, there are numerous instances in which the power for reading becomes inappropriate owing to inaccurate optometry of the power for distance. In addition, faulty frame adjustment is all too frequent. It is also problematic that individuals who do not know the basics of glass manufacture are involved in optometry. It is absolutely necessary to restructure the Japanese optometric system itself, in order to realize proper evaluation of progressive power glasses. (Jpn J Vis Sci 29: 95-98, 2008) Key Words : Progressive power glasses, Presbyopia, Reading glasses Reprint requests to: Taketoshi Suzuki, MD Suzuki Eye Clinic Kichikoji 16 Kichikoji, Mizusawa-ku, Ohshu , Japan (Received and accepted May 19, 2008)

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19 How to Prescribe Comfortable Glasses with Progressive Addition Lenses Masayoshi Kajita Kajita Eye Clinic 29: In order to comfortably use glasses with the progressive addition lenses (PALs), it is necessary to familiarize that patient with PALs characteristic aberrations. If the additional lens power is smaller, the PAL aberration is less. Commencement of PAL use in initial presbyopia is recommended. If, unfortunately, the patient has passed through the initial presbyopic period without using PAL, the additional lens power of the PAL first prescribed should be set lower than usual; the power should be amended after the patient becomes familiar with PAL use, and so becomes able to use adequately powered PAL with no problems. I explain how to prescribe glasses with PALs that provides comfortable vision. (Jpn J Vis Sci 29: , 2008) Key Words : Prescribing glasses, Progressive addition lens, Accommodation, Refraction, Binocular fogging method Reprint requests to: Masayoshi Kajita, MD Kajita Eye Clinic Kyoei Bldg, 4F Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo , Japan (Received and accepted July 25, 2008)

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23 The Clinical Reproducibility of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography, Interobserver and Intraobserver Variability Kazunori Onuki 1), Masahiro Maeda 1), Eriko Ito 1), Noriko Mizuguchi 1), Kazuo Ichikawa 1), Takashi Kojima 1), Naoki Isogai 2), Mayuka Ito 2) and Rie Horai 3) 1) Department of Ophthalmology, Social Insurance Chukyo Hospital, 2) Nagoya Eye Clinic, 3) Chukyo Medical Corporation Carl Zeiss Meditec Visante CCTACD 5 CCT pachymetry scan anterior segment scan CCT pachymetry scan µm A µm Banterior segment scan µm A µm BACD mm A mm B CCT pachymetry scan 8.8 µmanterior segment scan 50.0 µm ACD 70 µm Visante 29: Purpose: We evaluated the clinical reproducibility of interobserver and intraobserver data obtained using the newly developed anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) Visante (Carl Zeiss Meditec). We also considered the differences between the two measurement modes. Methods: Observed in this study were 21 eyes of 11 subjects (mean age: years) with no ocular disease other than refractive error. The central corneal thickness (CCT) and the anterior chamber depth (ACD) of each subject was measured by two examiners, five times each. The data from CCT measurements taken by automated and manual modes, the pachymetry scan and the anterior segment scan using a caliper were also compared. Results: The average CCT was µm (observer A) and µm (observer B) in automated mode, and µm (observer A) and µm (observer B) in manual mode. The average ACD was mm (observer A) and mm (observer B). The maximum difference between interobserver data in automated mode was 8.8µm; that in manual mode was 50.0µm (CCT) and 70µm (ACD). There was no significant difference in interobserver data between automated and manual modes. Conclusions: The reproducibility of Visante is highly appreciated; it is a useful tool for various anterior segment analyses. (Jpn J Vis Sci 29: , 2008) Key Words : Visante, Reproducibility, Central corneal thickness, Anterior chamber depth Reprint requests to: Kazunori Onuki, MD Dept of Ophthalmol, Social Insurance Chukyo Hosp Sanjo, Minami-ku, Nagoya , Japan (Received and accepted January 4, 2008)

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Therapy for Asthenopia in Cases of Convergence Insufficiency Hiroko TAKASAKI, C.O.J., Nobuko INAGAMI, C.O.J., and Kayoko TAKENAWA, C.O.J.. Orthoptic c

Therapy for Asthenopia in Cases of Convergence Insufficiency Hiroko TAKASAKI, C.O.J., Nobuko INAGAMI, C.O.J., and Kayoko TAKENAWA, C.O.J.. Orthoptic clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, (Director: Prof