自動車用エネルギーの ロードマップ
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1 IEEJ:
2 IEEJ:
3 IEEJ:
4 4 IEEJ:
5 5 IEEJ: GDP=551 GDP=
6 6 IEEJ:
7 7 IEEJ: = 0 ) ( ) / ( ) ( dx x h x p x y P Q 3 / /
8 IEEJ: y( x) = 2 α = exp( µ + 1 πσ 1 σ 2 x 2 ) exp{ 2 1 σ G (log x u) 2 2 σ = 2F( 0,1) 1 2 } /
9 IEEJ: p = ( x) a( x b ) 1+ e k h( x) = log( x) h ( x) = log( x) a= = b =
10 IEEJ: ,980 71,820 12,879 4, ,365 62,135 23,343 7, ,000 57,000 37,669 11,
11 11 11 IEEJ: Q R Run Run
12 IEEJ:
13 13 13 IEEJ:
14 14 14 IEEJ:
15 IEEJ:
16 IEEJ: TK GDP RT Log(TK)= Log(GDP) Log(RT) 2 CM POP GDP Log(CM/POP)= Log(GDP/POP) 3 PU Log x -0.5 P PR Log x -0.5 P P / 1 =3 = / /
17 IEEJ:
18 IEEJ:
19 IEEJ: y = x R 2 = IEA IEA ERI EDMC IEA ERI 41 EDMC
20 IEEJ: IEA /1000
21 IEEJ:
22 IEEJ: GB/T NEDC New European Driving Cycle NEDC 1015 NEDC/Japan The Pew Center on Global Climate Change 04 COMPARISON OF PASSENGER VEHICLE FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION STANDARDS AROUND THE WORLD ( CAFE ) 1 05/ /
23 23 23 IEEJ: t CC CC NEDC NEDC L/100km( L/100km( 2 ) CC CC km/L km/l NEDC NEDC L/100km L/100km ( 1 ) km km 3L IEEJ/EDMC
24 24 24 IEEJ: km/h JEO km/h (60km/h) (JE05)* t t 60km/h (JE05)
25 25 25 IEEJ: V MPI MPI
26 26 26 IEEJ:
27 IEEJ:
28 28 28 IEEJ: CO CO
29 IEEJ: ppm 10 50ppm ppm 29
30 IEEJ: RV L 1.6L L 30
31 31 31 IEEJ: cc 800cc 7 1.6L 1.8L
32 32 32 IEEJ: L L CC CC L/100km L/100km CC CC L/100km L/100km CC CC km/l L/100km 100CC 100CC 06
33 IEEJ:
34 IEEJ: HBV HBV =100 European Commission (May 06), Well-to- Wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and powertrains in the European context, A joint study by EUCAR / JRC / CONCAWE14 34
35 35 35 IEEJ:
36 IEEJ:
37 IEEJ:
38 IEEJ: E
39 IEEJ:
40 IEEJ: /
41 IEEJ:
42 IEEJ:
43 43 43 IEEJ:
44 44 44 IEEJ:
45 45 45 IEEJ: CNGV CNGV LPGV LPGV CNGV CNGV LPGV LPGV LPGV LPGV CNG CNG LNGV LNGV
46 46 46 IEEJ: ) ) )5 1)5 2)17 2)17 3) 3) 4) 4)
47 47 47 IEEJ: MV) MV) MV MV ) 3)FFV FFV ) M15 M15 M100 M100
48 IEEJ: DME DMEV) DME DME 11 > DME DME DME 1 06 DME 30 DME DME
49 IEEJ: Euphorbia tim-calli calli
50 IEEJ: CTL) 吨 潞 NEDO 汶 t/d CTLV 50
51 51 51 IEEJ: EV EV HBV HBV FCV FCV
52 IEEJ: EV
53 53 53 IEEJ: HBV HBV VW VW GM GM HBV HBV HBV HBV 2 DS DS HBV HBV EQ6110HEV EQ6110HEV HBV HBV 08 08
54 54 54 IEEJ: FCV FCV FCV FCV kW kw FC FC UNDP UNDP MPV MPV
55 IEEJ: ( CO2 WTW CO2 55
56 56 56 IEEJ: BP BP 2km km k t k t HP HP >1000 >
57 57 57 IEEJ: / / <20 <20 / / / / / 40%
58 IEEJ:
59 IEEJ: WTW European Commission (May 06), Well-to- Wheels analysis of future automotive fuels and powertrains in the European context, A joint study by EUCAR / JRC / CONCAWE European Commission Well-To To-Wheel 59
60 IEEJ:
61 61 61 IEEJ: (HP) HP) ( ) ( ) 900)
62 62 62 IEEJ:
63 IEEJ:
64 64 64 IEEJ: /8/22 4/8/22 4/9/9 4/9/9 4/9 4/9 04/04 04/ /04/15 06/04/15
65 IEEJ: : report@tky.ieej.or.jp 65
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2015 < ITS > 2
2010426 1 1 Email: daisho@waseda.jp 2015 < ITS > 2 3 SPM 050 g/m 3 51100 101200 201400 401600 601 2006125 19 2010 NO2SPM NOxPM 20099 PM10 PM2.5 NOxPM PM g/kwh 0.20 0.15 0.04 0.02 WHDC 03 EU 2015 2016 WHDC
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ELIICA LCA 2008 1 KEO Discussion Paper No.112 1 CO2ELIICA ELIICA LCA ELIICA EV CO2 nakano@sanken.keio.ac.jp naokotknk@yahoo.co.jp masa.suzu@jasmine.ocn.ne.jp 1 ELIICA LCA KEO 2008 1 7 1 CO2 20 2 CO2 ITS
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37 70,500 135,000 27,700 11 37,400 60,400 8,900 5 40,900 64,900 26,600 4 40,100 47,200 29,700 2 30,500 37,100 24,000 36 62,800 132,000 4,800 20 50,800 72,300 10,800 60 2 7 12 17 67,900 74,872 80,133 83,500
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IEEJ 2001 7 IEEJ 2001 7-2 - IEEJ 2001 7-3 - IEEJ 2001 7 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: IPCC EU 2010 EU 12 260 m 3 569 m 3 830 m 3 30 1,400 m 3 12 3 12 13 5 IEEJ 2001 7 1 1.1 30 1 20 29 5 1
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2010 3 25 1 Email: daisho@waseda.jp 2 2006 12 5 19 2010 NO2 SPM NOx PM 2009 9 PM10 PM2.5 3 IEA World Energy Outlook 2009 4 / 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 WEO 2008 0 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 WEO2008
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b 0 1PPm 10PPm 100PPm 1000PPm 10000PPm 0.0001% 0.001% 0.01% 0.1% 1% 10% 1PPm 10PPm 100PPm 1000PPm 10000PPm 0.0001% 0.001% 0.01% 0.1% 1% 10% 1PPm 10PPm 100PPm 1000PPm 10000PPm 0.0001% 0.001% 0.01%
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-1- -2- -3- -4- 14mm17mm -5- -6- -7- L=15.4km L=13.4km L=6.5km 200m3 L=3.4km 2m3 200m3 723 494 4,681ha 7,441-8- () -9- -10- -11- -12- -13- 23 JR JR -14- -15- km -16- -17- -18- -19- -20- -21- -22- 2-23-
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新しい気象情報の利活用状況等に関するアンケート調査
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(1) CO2 EV 24 1 3 10~20 1/3 2
1 (1) CO2 EV 24 1 3 10~20 1/3 2 3 4 5 7 2,500 15,000~20,000 21,500 km 55,000 CO2 (3) CO CO2 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13. NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO TMO 14 15 16 100 30 200 30 300 30 300 17 1 26 1 30 1 15 18 19 1500cc
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SPring-83 22(2010)730 MBE PLD MBE 0.002% PLD p Π n p n PF PF = S 2 S =V/ΔT V: [V] ΔT: [K] S[V/K], T[K], σ[s/m] TeBi 2 Te 3 (Bi,Se) 2 Te 3 (n-type) Ar KrF Ar gas 2. A. 3. c-si a-si InP GaAs 1g (μm) PV(W/g
NASA MPa 2003 NEDO MPa 3 Type4 Type3 Type4 Type3 100% CNG
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nm (T = K, p = kP a (1atm( )), 1bar = 10 5 P a = atm) 1 ( ) m / m
.1 1nm (T = 73.15K, p = 101.35kP a (1atm( )), 1bar = 10 5 P a = 0.9863atm) 1 ( ).413968 10 3 m 3 1 37. 1/3 3.34.414 10 3 m 3 6.0 10 3 = 3.7 (109 ) 3 (nm) 3 10 6 = 3.7 10 1 (nm) 3 = (3.34nm) 3 ( P = nrt,
* n x 11,, x 1n N(µ 1, σ 2 ) x 21,, x 2n N(µ 2, σ 2 ) H 0 µ 1 = µ 2 (= µ ) H 1 µ 1 µ 2 H 0, H 1 *2 σ 2 σ 2 0, σ 2 1 *1 *2 H 0 H
1 1 1.1 *1 1. 1.3.1 n x 11,, x 1n Nµ 1, σ x 1,, x n Nµ, σ H 0 µ 1 = µ = µ H 1 µ 1 µ H 0, H 1 * σ σ 0, σ 1 *1 * H 0 H 0, H 1 H 1 1 H 0 µ, σ 0 H 1 µ 1, µ, σ 1 L 0 µ, σ x L 1 µ 1, µ, σ x x H 0 L 0 µ, σ 0
V(x) m e V 0 cos x π x π V(x) = x < π, x > π V 0 (i) x = 0 (V(x) V 0 (1 x 2 /2)) n n d 2 f dξ 2ξ d f 2 dξ + 2n f = 0 H n (ξ) (ii) H
199 1 1 199 1 1. Vx) m e V cos x π x π Vx) = x < π, x > π V i) x = Vx) V 1 x /)) n n d f dξ ξ d f dξ + n f = H n ξ) ii) H n ξ) = 1) n expξ ) dn dξ n exp ξ )) H n ξ)h m ξ) exp ξ )dξ = π n n!δ n,m x = Vx)
8 8 0
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t χ 2 F Q t χ 2 F 1 2 µ, σ 2 N(µ, σ 2 ) f(x µ, σ 2 ) = 1 ( exp (x ) µ)2 2πσ 2 2σ 2 0, N(0, 1) (100 α) z(α) t χ 2 *1 2.1 t (i)x N(µ, σ 2 ) x µ σ N(0, 1
t χ F Q t χ F µ, σ N(µ, σ ) f(x µ, σ ) = ( exp (x ) µ) πσ σ 0, N(0, ) (00 α) z(α) t χ *. t (i)x N(µ, σ ) x µ σ N(0, ) (ii)x,, x N(µ, σ ) x = x+ +x N(µ, σ ) (iii) (i),(ii) z = x µ N(0, ) σ N(0, ) ( 9 97.
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レジャー産業と顧客満足の課題
1 1983 1983 2 3700 4800 5500 3300 15 3 100 1000 JR 4 14 2000 55% 72% 1878 2000 5 ( ) 22 1,040 5 946 42 15 25 30 30 4 14 39 1 24 8 6 390 33 800 34 34 3 35 () 37 40 1 50 40 46 47 2 55 4.43 4 16.98 40 55
福祉制度：障害者制度集
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Microsoft Word - 章末問題
1906 R n m 1 = =1 1 R R= 8h ICP s p s HeNeArXe 1 ns 1 1 1 1 1 17 NaCl 1.3 nm 10nm 3s CuAuAg NaCl CaF - - HeNeAr 1.7(b) 2 2 2d = a + a = 2a d = 2a 2 1 1 N = 8 + 6 = 4 8 2 4 4 2a 3 4 π N πr 3 3 4 ρ = = =