気相反応解析のためのレーザ分光

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1 Laser Diagnostics for Gas Phase Reaction Kazuhiro Akihama, Shuichi Kubo, Satoshi Yamazaki (1) (2) (3) Two-level model. (4) (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) (4) LIF LIF LIF 2 LIF 2 I A B A BQ ( ( ) ) c ( ) I FL * CARS DFWM

2 I FL = AB c (Q + A ) + 2BI N 0 I φ N0 N1 N2 ( N1 N21 2 ) φ ( ) N0 Q Q I BI c (Q A ) I FL (A 2)N0φ I A φ I FL 2 2 ( ) 4 LIF LIF LIF Q YAG nm LIF ( ) ( ) LIF OH Bechtel Teets LIF OH OH 1 Fig.1 dn 1 / dt = (BI / c ) (N 2 N 1 ) + (Q + A ) N 2 dn 2 / dt = (BI / c ) (N 1 N 2 ) (Q + A ) N 2 dn 1 / dt = dn 2 / dt = 0 N 2 I FL = AN 2 φ (1) Generalized experimental schematic for LIF measurements.

3 CVD Si Si 2 SiH C 2 LIF Andresen LIF LIPF * Sanders Nd :YAG 4 ( 266nm ) CH 3 ONO hν CH 3 O NO CH 3 O LIF NO 18) LIF Okazaki NO2 ( ) OH 2 ( Two-line method ) Hydroxyl concentration for stoichiometric methane air flame vs. distance along gas flow. (8) Laser Induced Predissociative Fluorescence

4 2 2 2 LIF LIF LIF OH 2 ν ν R ν ν R ν ν R ν R ν R ν J ν J I R σ Ω N vj Iφ 2 σ Ω N vj I φ 1) (2) N vj ν ( ) The ln ( I /ν S J ) for the R 11 + Q 21 branches of the γ ( 0-0 ) band of the NO plotted against J " ( J "+ 1 ). Observations at three different temperatures are shown. I : the intensity of the lines, ν : excitation wave number, S J : the line strength, J" : rotational quantum number. Two-dimensional images of OH LIF. Reprinted with permission of the authors.

5 φ ( 10 4 ) Fig.2 LIF 4 YAG ( ) Ar + Bechtel CH 4 O 2 H 2 O CO 2 CO H 2 ( ) LIF 2 Concentration and temperature profiles of fuel-lean (φ = 0.86) atmospheric pressure, premixed, laminar CH 4 air flame. LIF Pb 1-x Sn x Te pn ( 3 30µm ) 1

6 100cm 1 100K ( 0.3mK ) 0.1mW ( 10 4 cm 1 ) 1 ( 1000 ) 2 ( HgCdTe InSb ) FM ( f ) 2 f ( 2 ) Zeeman Zeeman Zeeman Tunable diode laser spectrometer system

7 LIF SiH 3 SiH 3 k (ν ) SiH 3 CH 3 SiH 3 HO 2 Sugawara CO 2 SiH 3 O 2 SiH 3 ab initio CO Arnold CO 2 50µsec Fig.8 Observed line profiles of the R (4,0)(1-0 + ) and R (4,1) (1-0 + ) lines of SiH 3. All the R -branch transitions are split into two components by the spin-rotation interaction. The lower trace is the fringe pattern generated by an etalon with a free spectral range of about 0.01cm ) χ χ (2) χ (3) (3) χ (n) n 2 χ (2) 03 ( 3 )

8 3 3 2 CARS ( Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering ) DFWM ( Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing ) 2 ( ν P ν S ) ν P ν S ν R ν CARS 2ν P ν S ν P ν R 3 CARS 2 ν P ν S ( ) 3 3 CARS ν P ν S 10 5 ν P ν S CARS 2 P S CARS ν P ν S CARS Lucht CARS ( CARS ) CARS ` Experimental apparatus for the CARS measurements. 55) CL : Cylindrical lens P : Polarizer DC : Dye cell R : 1/2 waveplate L : Lens T : Telescope

9 SiH 4 SiH 4 Q DFWM 3 ( 2 ) LIF PUMP PUMP PROBE DFWM 2 DFWM ( ) DFWM 2 Ewart NaCl Na2 Fig.10 DFWM LIF OH DFWM 2 LIF 10 ( DFWM 10 ) LIPF DFWM ( DFWM ) Arrangement of the pump and probe beams for DFWM. 64) Intensity profile of a probe beam reflected from a planar section through a laminar flame recorded by a single laser shot. 64)

10 1) Eckbreth, A. C. : Laser Diagnostics for Combustion Temperature and Species, (1988), 301, Abacus Press 2) Gelbwachs, J. A., et al. : Appl. Phys. Lett., -9(1977), 489 3) Berg, J. O. and Shackleford, W. L. : Appl. Opt., -13 (1979), ) :, -6(1991), 325 5), 2 : ( ), - 517(1989), ) Barlow, R. S., et al. : Opt. Lett., -5(1989), 263 7) Lucht, R. P., et al. : Combust. Flame, (1983), 189 8) Bechtel, J. H. and Teets, R. E. : Appl. Opt., -24(1979), ) :, -2(1988), ) Takubo, Y., et al. : J. Appl. Phys., (1988), ) Breiland, W. G., et al. : J. Appl. Phys., (1986), ) Breiland, W. G., et al. : J. Appl. Phys., (1986), ) Matsumi, Y., et al. : J. Vac. Sci. Technol., (1986), ) Okada, T., et al. : Appl. Phys., 1987), ) :, -4(1983), 33 16) Andresen, P., et al. : Appl. Opt., -16(1990), ) Sanders, N., et al. : Chem. Phys., (1980), ) ( ),, 2, (1984), 218p., 19) Okazaki, T., et al. : J. Appl. Phys., (1981), ) Closley, D. R. and Smith, G. P. : Combust. Flame, (1982), 27 21) Cattolica, R. : Appl. Opt., -7(1981), ) Cattolica, R. J. and Vosen, S. R. : Combust. Sci. Technol., (1986), 77 23) Seitzman, J. M., et al. : Appl. Opt., -14(1987), ) Felton, P. G., et al. : SAE Tech. Pap. Ser., No , (1988), 8p. 25) Lee, M. P., et al. : Opt. Lett., -2(1987), 75 26), : 29, (1991), ) Long, D. A. : Raman Spectroscopy, (1977), 276p., McGraw-Hill 28) Bechtel, J. H., et al. : Combust. Flame, (1981), ) Stephenson, D. A. and Aiman,W. R. : Combust. Flame, (1978), 85 30) Stephenson, D. A. : Seventeenth Symp. (Int.) on Combustion, (1979), 993, The Combustion Inst. 31), 3 :, -350(1983), 30 32), 2 : ( ), - 482(1986), ) Sedgwick, T. O. and Smith, Jr. J. E. : J. Electrochem. Soc. : Solid-State Science and Technology, -2(1979), ) Breiland, W. G. and Kushner, M. J. : Appl. Phys. Lett., (1983), ) Long, M. B., et al. : Opt. Lett., -6(1985), ) Schiff, H. I., et al. : Environ. Sci. Technol., -8(1983), 352A 37) Yamada, C., et al. : J. Chem. Phys., (1981), ) Yamada, C. and Hirota, E. : J. Chem. Phys., (1984), ) Yamada, C., et al. : J. Chem. Phys., (1988), 46 40), :, (1989), ) Itabashi, N., et al. : Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., (1988), L ) Itabashi, N., et al. : Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., (1989), L325 43) Yamada, C. and Hirota, E. : J. Chem. Phys., (1983), ) Laguna, G. A. and Baughcum, S. L. : Chem. Phys. Lett., (1982), ) Sugawara, K., et al. : Chem. Phys. Lett., (1989), ) Cattell, F. C., et al. : J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 2, (1986), ) Schoenung, S. M. and Hanson, R. K. : Combust. Sci. Technol., (1981), 22 48) Arnold, A., et al. : Twenty-Third Symp. (Int.) on Combustion, (1990), 1783, The Combustion Inst. 49) Rosier, B., et al. : Appl. Opt., (1988), ) Bloembergen, N. : Nonlinear Optics, (1965), 229p., W. A. Benjamin, Inc. 51) Nibler, J. W. and Knighten, G. V. : Raman Spectroscopy of Gases and Liquids, Ed. by Weber A., (1979), 253, Springer- Verlag 52) Eckbreth, A. C. : Appl. Phys. Lett., (1978), ) Furuno, S., et al. : Combust. Flame, (1983), ) Ref.1), ) Lucht, R. P., et al. : Combust. Sci. Technol., (1987), 41 56) Pealat, M., et al. : Appl. Opt., -7(1985), ), : ( ), - 541(1991), ), 2 :, No.10(1984), ) Hata, N., et al. : J. Appl. Phys., (1986), ) Eckbreth, A. C. and Anderson, T. J. : Appl. Opt., (1985), ) Lucht, R. P. : Opt. Lett., -2(1987), 78 62) Lucht, R. P., et al. : Opt. Lett., -6(1987), ) Akihama, K. and Asai, T. : Appl. Opt., -21(1990), ) Ewart, P., et al. : Opt. Lett., -11(1989), ) Rakestraw, D. J., et al. : Opt. Lett., -12(1990), ) Dreier, T. and Rakestraw, D. J. : Appl. Phys., (1990), ) Ewart, P. and O'Leary, S. V. : Opt. Lett., -5(1986),279

11 68) Ewart, P. and Snowdon, P. : Opt. Lett., -23(1990), ) Rosker, M. J., et al. : Science, (1988), 1200

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