アフリカにおける天然資源と武力紛争

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しまなあさぶき
5 years ago
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1 civil war political economy of civil wars 1 153

2 ~ ~ ~ 1975~ 1969~ ~ 1949~ 1988~ ~ Michael Ross, The Natural Resource Curse: How Wealth Can Make You Poor in Ian Bannon and Paul Collier (eds.), Natural Resources and Violent Conflict: Options and Actions [Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2003], p. 18. UNITA

3 Revolutionary United Front: RUF 1983 Sudan People s Liberation Army: SPLA

4 5 (civil war) GDP 5% 6% 25% 30% 3%~8% 6 156

5 %

6 Foday Sankoh RUF National Patriotic Front of Liberia NPFL ECOMOG Economic Community of West African States Cease-Fire Monitoring Group ECOMOG RUF RUF 158

7 RUF Ahmed Tejan Kabbah RUF 11 PKO Johnny Paul Koromoh Armed Forces Revolutionary Council AFRC ECOMOG ECOMOG 7 70 UN Observer Mission in Sierra Leone: UNOMSIL RUF ECOMOG 1999 RUF UN Mission in Sierra Leone: UNAMSIL 13,

8 RUF RUF Strategic Mineral Resources Commission RUF UNAMSIL UNAMSIL RUF

9 RUF 161

10 Rwanda Patriotic Front: RPF AFDL: Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo-Zaire AFDL = Laurent Desire Kabila ADFL ADFL 162

11 ADFL ADFL RCD: Rassemblement congolais pour la démocratie ALiR: Interahamwe/ex-FAR Mai Mai MLC Mouvement pour la libération du Congo RCD RCD-ML RCD-Goma EU European Union OAU Organization of African Unity 8 MLC RCD Mai Mai

12 Joint Military Commission: JMC MONUC United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 500 MONUC JMC MLC (Joseph Kabila) RCD-ML 6 UPC UPC RCD-Goma MLC

13 UPC 5 UPC EU RCD-Goma JVC FNI Front des Nationalistes et Intégrationnistes FAPC Forces Armées du Peuple Congolais ADFL 165

14 1998 RCD RCD

15 NGO 167

17 23 ECOWAS NPFL 24 International Criminal Court: ICC International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime

18 (IMF)

19 1 Mats Berdal and David M. Malone, Introduction in Mats Berdal and David M. Malone (eds.), Greed and Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000), p. 2. See also David Keen, The Economic Functions of Violence in Civil Wars: Adelphi Paper 320 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998; Karen Ballentine and Jake Sherman (eds.), The Political Economy of Armed Conflict: Beyond Greed and Grievance (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003); and Michael Pugh and Neil Cooper with Jonathan Goodhand, War Economies in a Regional Context (Boulder, CO: Lynner Rienner Publishers, 2004). 2 Michael Ross, The Natural Resource Curse: How Wealth Can Make You Poor in Ian Bannon and Paul Collier (eds.), Natural Resources and Violent Conflict: Options and Actions (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2003), pp See, for instance, David Keen, Incentives and Disincentives for Violence in Berdal and Malone (eds.), op. cit. 4 (shadow states) William Reno, Shadow States and the Political Economy of Civil Wars in Berdal and Malone (eds.), op. cit. 5 See Karen Ballentine and Jake Sherman, Introduction in Ballentine and Sherman (eds.), op. cit., pp See Ian Bannon and Paul Collier, Natural Resources and Conflict: What We Can Do in Bannon and Collier (eds.), op. cit., pp Michael L. Ross, Oil, Drugs, and Diamonds: The Varying Roles of Natural Resources in Civil War in Ballentine and Sherman (eds.), op. cit., p Michael Ross, op. cit. in Bannon and Collier (eds.), op. cit., pp See Pugh and Cooper with Goodhand, op. cit., p Ibid., p RUF 171

20 See Tatiana Carayannis, and Herbert F. Weiss, The Democratic Republic of Congo in Jane Boulden (ed.), Dealing with Conflict in Africa: The United Nations and Regional Organizations (Palgrave, 2003), p Ibid., p Ibid., p pp pp Musifiky Mwanasali, The View from Below in Berdal and Malone (eds.), op. cit., p (ADF) 19 Ibid. 20 No See Pugh and Cooper with Goodhand, op. cit., p See Samuel D. Porteous, Targeted Financial Sanctions in Berdal and Malone (eds.), op. cit. 23 Philippe Le Billon, Getting It Done: Instruments of Enforcement in Bannon and Collier (eds.), op. cit., p Ibid., p Ibid., pp Ibid., pp See the website of the United Nations < 172

資源紛争概念の再検討

資源紛争概念の再検討 Klare 2001: 25 resource conflict resource war new war Kaldor 1999: 1 1 severity Henderson and Singer 2000: 278 2 5 Paul Collier natural resource wealth natural resource curse Michael T. Klare Mary Kaldor