km 100 m/s moving flame Schubert and Whitehead,1969 Thompson Thompson,1970 Fels Lindzen 1974 Gierasch Gierasch, ,
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1 Super Rotation of Venusian Atmosphere Takagi Seiko
2 km 100 m/s moving flame Schubert and Whitehead,1969 Thompson Thompson,1970 Fels Lindzen 1974 Gierasch Gierasch, , Venus Express ESA 2010 Planet-C JAXA Venus Express ESA Planet-C JAXA 2
3 Planet-C Fels and Lindzen,
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8
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10 NASA 4 14 NASA
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16 2 14 Venus Express ESA Venus Express ESA Mars Express ESA 10 7 Mars Express ESA 10 Venus Express Nature, Venus Express Venus Express ESA HP PFS VIRTIS - SPICAV / - VNC / ASPERA-4 / MAG VeRa
17 Nature, Venus Express 1 VMC Venus Monitoring Camera 11
18 Schubert,1983. V m/s 65 km 100 m/s 13
19 Walterschheid et al.,1985. m/s km m/s
20 Planet-C Planet-C 2010 Planet-C 5 IR1,IR2,UVI,LIR,LAC 15, 8 IR1 1 m 1 m IR2 2 m UVI LIR 10 m LAC
21 Planet-C
22 Nakamura,2007
23 Planet-C 5 Nakamura,2007 IR m night, 0.97 m night 0.90 m night, 0.90 m day IR m night, 2.26 m night 2.32 m night 2.02 m day 1.65 m cruise UVI 283 nm day 365 nm day LIR 10 m day/night LAC nm night nm night nm night nm night
24 m/s
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28 /.,. 21 / moving flame % 4 moving flame
29 % , % 22 Tomasko et al., km moving flame 20
30 Thompson Thompson,1970 Thompson 1970 moving flame Schubert and Whitehead, a b Thompson, a 23 b 23 b moving flame Schubert and Whitehead,1969 Thompson Thompson 1970
31 Thompson Thompson,1970. K, E.Pr Pr=E/K. 24 E E moving flame Schubert and Whitehead,1969 Thompson 1970 E
32 Fels and Lindzen, 1974 Fels Lindzen Fels Lindzen ,2000
33 ,
34 3 32 Ω = 0 27 Ω = 0,2000 Ω 0 Ω = 0 Ω 0
35 (m/s) Ω = 0 Ω = 0
36 Gierasch 1975 Gierasch 1975 Gierasch ,1987 U M W MW M W MW
37 3 35 MW MW
38
39
40 τ V τ M
41 ,1982 Gierasch ,1982 Gierasch ,1982 Gierasch 1975 Gierasch 1975 τ V τ M 1980,1982 τ H τ H τ M
42 τ H τ M τ V Gierasch = =
43
44 km 100 m/s Planet-C JAXA Planet-C JAXA Venus Express ESA Nature 2007 Venus Express ESA 1 Planet-C JAXA Venus Express ESA Planet-C JAXA
45 Planet-C
46 Colin,L.,1983: Basic fact about Venus,Venus,University of Arizona Press10-26 Gierasch,P.J.,1975: Meridional Circulation and the Maintenance of the Venus Atmospheric Rotation.J.Atmos.Sci,32, Markiewicz,W.J.,Titov,D.V.,Limaye,S.S.,Keller,H.U.,Ignatiev,N.,Jaumann,R., Thomas,N.,Michalik,H.,Moissl,R.,Russo,P.,2007: Morphology and dynamics of the upper cloud layer of Venus.Nature,450, ,2000:, Matsuda,Y.,1980: Dynamics of the Four-Day Circulation in the Venus Atmosphere. J.Meteor.Soc.Japan,58, Matsuda,Y.,1982: A Further of Dynamics of the Four-Day Circulation in the Venus Atmosphere.J.Meteor.Soc.Japan,60, Nakamura,M.,Imamura,T.,Ueno,M.,Iwagami,N.,Satoh,T.,Watanabe,S.,Taguchi,M., Takahashi,Y.,Suzuki,M.,Abe,T.,Hashimoto,G.,Sakanoi,T.,Okano,S.,Kasaba,Y., Yoshida,J.,Yamada,M.,Ishii,N.,Yamada,T.,Uemizu,K.,Fukuhara,T.,Oyama,K., 2007: Planet-C: Venus Climate Orbiter mission of Japan. Planet.Space Sci,55, Shubert,G.,Whitehead.J.A.,1967:Moving Flame Experiment with Liquid Mercury : Possible implications for the Venus atmosphere.science,163,71-72 Thompson,R.,1970: Venus s General Circulation is a Merry-Go-Round.J.Atmos.Sci., 27,
47 6 45 Young,R.E.,Schubert,G.,1973: Dynamical Aspects of the Venus 4-Day Circulation Planet.Space Sci,21,
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