Diatom 27: (2011)

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1 58 Diatom 27: December 2011 Tamie Suzawa et al. Cymbella janischii A.W.F.Schmidt De Toni Gomphoneis minuta Stone Kociolek & Stoermer Blooms of Cymbella janischii A.W.F.Schmidt De Toni accompanied by Gomphoneis minuta Stone Kociolek & Stoermer from the upper stream of the Chikugo River, Kyushu, Japan: possibility of new alien diatom species Tamie Suzawa, Satoquo Seino and Shigeki Mayama 1 Institute of River Biology Ltd., Hinosato, Munakata, Fukuoka Japan 2 Graduate School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nisi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka , Japan 3 Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Nukui-kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo , Japan Abstract Macroscopic fibrous mats formed by diatoms have been found extensively in the upper reaches of the Chikugo River, Kyushu, Japan. They are mainly aggregations of Cymbella janischii, which colonizes surfaces using mucilage stalks secreted by the cells that branch into tree-like shapes. In addition, Gomphoneis minuta attaches to these colonies using its own mucilage stalk. These species have not been recorded in Japan, and were probably introduced from North America. Careful monitoring of the bloom and distribution of these alien species is necessary to avoid becoming nuisance diatoms such as Didymosphenia geminata, which is expanding its habitat in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Key index words: alien species, bloom, Cymbella, diatom, Didymosphenia, Gomphoneis 2004 Cymbella janischii A.W.F.Schmidt De Toni Gomphoneis minuta Stone Kociolek & Stoermer C. janischii G. minuta 2 Received 11 August 2011 Accepted 5 November 2011

Blooms of Cymbella janischii and Gomphoneis minuta 59 2011 4 14 50 cm 5% 1995 Fig. 1Cymbella janischii Gomphoneis minuta 2 G. minuta C. janischii Fig. 2 Fig. 1 C. janischii Cymbella janischii A.W.F.Schmidt De Toni, Sylloge algarum omnium hucusque cognitarum, vol.

janischii Fig. 1. The light-brownish diatom colonies covering the covering the rocks. Scale bar=1 cm. Fig. 2. Cymbella janischii arrow C and Gomphoneis minuta arrow G. Scale bar=100 μm. A.W.F.Schmidt Reimer in Patrick & Reimer, Acad.

2 Blooms of Cymbella janischii and Gomphoneis minuta cm 5% 1995 Fig. 1Cymbella janischii Gomphoneis minuta 2 G. minuta C. janischii Fig. 2 Fig. 1 C. janischii Cymbella janischii A.W.F.Schmidt De Toni, Sylloge algarum omnium hucusque cognitarum, vol. 2. Sectio 1, Raphideae: p Figs 3 6 Basionym: Cocconema janischii A.W.F.Schmidt in A.W.F.Schmidt et al., Atlas der Diatomaceen- Kunde. pl. 71. f Synonym: Cymbella mexicana var. janischii Fig. 1. The light-brownish diatom colonies covering the covering the rocks. Scale bar=1 cm. Fig. 2. Cymbella janischii arrow C and Gomphoneis minuta arrow G. Scale bar=100 μm. A.W.F.Schmidt Reimer in Patrick & Reimer, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. 13: Patrick & Reimer 1975 Cymbella mexicana var. janischii Bahls 2007 Cymbella mexicana Ehrenb. Cleve C. janischii C. janischii Figs μm μm Bahls 2007 Table Fig. 6 Figs μm Table 1 10 μm 8 10

3 60 Tamie Suzawa et al. Figs 3 6. Cymbella janischii. Scale bar a=10 μm for Figs 3 5 and scale bar b=10 μm for Fig. 6.

4 Blooms of Cymbella janischii and Gomphoneis minuta 61 Anonymous 1975 Fig μm Table 1 Gomphoneis minuta Stone Kociolek & Stoermer, Pro. Acad. of Nat. Sci.Philadelphia : 56. f Figs 7 13 Basionym: Gomphoneis herculeana var. minuta Stone in McLaughlin & Stone, Nova Hedwigia 82: 52. pl. 6. f. 90, Gomphoneis herculeana Ehrenb. Cleve Kociolek & Stoermer 1988 G. herculeana G. minuta Figs 7 9 Fig. 11 Table 1. Measured valve characters of Cymbella janischii from the Chikugo River and North America. The values of the Chikugo River, exceeded the range of North Americans are shown in bold. The Chikugo River North America Bahls 2007 Valves Length μm Width μm Striae /10 μm 8 10 a, 9 11 b 8 10 Areolae /10 μm c, d 8 12 a Central part. b Apical parts. c Dorsal part. d Ventral part μm μm μm 118 μm 22 μm Table 2 Kociolek & Stoermer 1988 G. herculeana μm μm G. minuta 2 1 Fig. 13 Fig. 10 Fig. 12 Fig Fig μm Table 2 Kociolek & Stoermer μ m Cymbella janischii Krammer 2002 Bahls Table 2. Measured valve characters of Gomphoneis minuta from the Chikugo River and North America. The values of the Chikugo River, exceeded the range of North Americans are shown in bold. The Chikugo River North America and Chile Kociolek & Stoermer 1988 Vegetative valves Length μm Width μm Striae /10 μm * Initial valves Length μm 115, Width μm * Measured by authors from the photographs Figs shown in the article.

62 Tamie Suzawa et al. Figs 7 13. Gomphoneis minuta. Fig. 7. Initial valve. Scale bar a=10 μm for Figs 7 9 and scale bar b=10 μm for Figs 10 13. 2002 2005 100 C.

5 62 Tamie Suzawa et al. Figs Gomphoneis minuta. Fig. 7. Initial valve. Scale bar a=10 μm for Figs 7 9 and scale bar b=10 μm for Figs C. janischii Gomphoneis minuta Kociolek & Stoermer 1988 C. janischii Bahls 2007C. janischii G. minuta 1990 G. minuta C. janischii Fig. 2 2, Achnanthidium pyrenaicum Hust. H.Kobayasi Cyclotella shanxiensis S.Q. Xie & Y.Z.Qi 1996 Nitzschia sigmoidea Nitzsch W. Sm. Nitzschia vermicularis Kütz. Hantzsch Mayama et al Gomphonema biceps F.Meister Encyonema leei Krammer Ohtsuka et al. 1990,

6 Blooms of Cymbella janischii and Gomphoneis minuta Achnanthidium druartii Rimet & Couté Rimet et al Didymosphenia geminata Lyngb. Mart.Schmidt Spaulding & Elwell Kilroy et al C. janischii 1 2 km Spaulding & Elwell 2007D. geminata 40 Kilroy 2005 Spaulding & Elwell 2007 D. geminata 2008 C. janischii D. geminata C. janischii C. janischii Rex Lowe G. minuta G. minuta G. herculeana Tuji 2009 G. herculeana C. janischii G. minuta D. geminata Rex Lowe Anonymous Proposals for a standardization of diatom terminology and diagnoses. Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft 53: Bahls, L.L Cymbella janischii giant endemic diatom of the Pacific Northwest: morphology, ecology and distribution compared to Cymbella mexicana. Northwest Science 81 4 : Kilroy, C Tests to determine the effectiveness of methods for decontaminating materials that have been in contact with Didymosphenia geminata. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, New Zealand. Client Report: CHC , NIWA Project MAF Kilroy, C., Larned, S.T. & Biggs, B.J.F The non-indigenous diatom Didymosphenia geminata alters benthic communities in New Zealand rivers. Freshwater Biology 54: Diatom 12: Kociolek, J.P. & Stoermer, E.F Taxonomy, ultrastructure and distribution of Gomphoneis herculeana, G. eriense and closely related species Naviculales: Gomphonemataceae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia : Krammer, K Cymbella. 584 pp. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. ed. Diatoms of Europe: diatoms of the European inland waters and comparable habitats, Vol. 3. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G., Ruggell. Mayama, S., Mayama, N. & Shihira-Ishikawa, I Characterization of linear-oblong pyrenoids with cp- DNA along their sides in Nitzschia sigmoidea Bacillariophyceae. Phycological Research 52: McLaughlin, R.B. & Stone, J.L Some late pleistocene diatoms of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Beiheft zur Nova Hedwigia 82: Diatom 10: pp

7 64 Tamie Suzawa et al. Patrick, R. & Reimer, C.W The diatoms of the United States exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii. Volume 2, Part 1: Entomoneidaceae, Cymbellaceae, Gomphonemaceae, Epithemiaceae. Monograph Number 13, The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Rimet, F., Couté, A., Piuz, A., Berthon, V. & Druart, J.C Achnanthidium druartii sp. nov. Achnanthales, Bacillariophyta : a new species invading European rivers. Vie et Milieu 60: Spaulding, S. & Elwell, L Increase in nuisance blooms and geographic expansion of the freshwater diatom Didymosphenia geminata: recommendation for responce. White paper. The International Didymosphenia Symposium in Bozeman, Montana. EPA Region 8 and the Federation of Fly Fishers pp.. Soninkhishig Nergui 2008 Didymosphenia geminata Lyngb. Mart.Schmidt Diatom 24: Tuji, A Algae aquae dulcis japonicae exsiccatae. Fasc. II. nos pp. National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba pp

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