Epizootics of Getah Virus Infection i n Horses in the Kanto Region of Japan in 1983 Takeo SUGIURA, * YOShio FUKUNAGA* and Kiyoshi HIRASAWA* Over a per
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1 Epizootics of Getah Virus Infection i n Horses in the Kanto Region of Japan in 1983 Takeo SUGIURA, * YOShio FUKUNAGA* and Kiyoshi HIRASAWA* Over a period from the middle of August to that of September in 1983, epizootics of Getah virus infection were seen in horses in the Kanto region, the central part of Japan. Such symptoms as pyrexia with rectal temperatures ranging from Ž, urticarial rash in various portions of the body and edema of the hindlegs were observed in 347 of 3592 horses examined in 5 racecourses and Jockey Training Institute belonging to the Japan Regional Public Racing Association. Serological studies were performed by the complement fixation test. In 26 of 46 horses tested, the antibody titer against Getah virus was 8 times or more higher in the convalescent stage than in the acute stage. Viruses were isolated from plasma samples of affected horses in Vero cells. They were identified by the agar gel immunodiffu sion test with infected horse serum. The MI-110 strain of Getah virus and isolated viruses which had been concentrated from infected culture fluid and dissolved in distilled water were used as antigens for the test. As a result, it was concluded that these epizootics had been caused by Getah virus. No epizootics were noted among horses which had been inoculated with inactivated Getah virus vaccine at facilities of the Japan Racing Association in this year. Key words. Getah virus infection, horse, epizootic
2 Fig. 1. Prevalence of Getah virus in horses in the Kanto region in 1983 Remarks. *; Number of affected horses/number of horses examined.
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5 Remarks. *1 P=Pyrexia with rectal temperature ranging from Ž. E=Edema of hind legs. R=Rash in various portions of the body. *2; Getah=Getah virus. ERV=Equine Herpes virus type 1, Adeno=Equine Adeno virus type 1. Rota=Nebraska calf diarrhea virus. JE=Japanese B Encephalitis *3; Samples were not collected for *4; Negative for virus isolation. *5; Positive for virus isolation. The isolated viruses were identified as Getah virus by the agar gel immunodiffusion test. *6; These horses were inoculated with inactivated Getah virus vaccine at September 15, 1983.
6 Fig. 2. Identification of isolated viruses Isolated virus strain and Getah virus (MI-110 strain) were propagated in Vero or BHK-21 cells. The viruses were concentrated with polyethylene glycol #6000 and dissolved with water in 1/100 volume of the original infected culture fluid, Agar gel was prepared from 1% Noble agar (Difco) dissolved in 0.15 mol/1 NaCl. The wells cut in were 5mm in diameter and 3mm apart from each other. AG=Anti gen from Getah virus; 1=Isolated virus from horse No. 3 at the jockeys Training Institute in Nasu gun, Tochigi; 2=No. 14; 3=No. 16; 4=No. 16; 5=No. 18; and 6=No. 19 in the Funabashi Raceco urse, Chiba; PS=Serum from a horse experimentally inoculated with the MI-110 strain.
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8 1) Kamada, M., Y. Ando, T. Kumanomido, H. Imagawa, R. Wada and Y. Akiyama Equine Getah virus infection: Isolation of the virus from racehorses during an enzootic in Japan. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 29, ) Sentsui, H. and Y. Kono An epidemic of Getah virus infection among racehorses: Isolation of the virus. Res. Vet. Sci. 29, ) Kono, Y., H. Sentsui and Y. Ito An epidemic of Getah virus infection among race horses: Properties of the virus. Res. Vet. Sci. 29, ) Wada, R., M. Kamada, Y. Fukunaga, Y. Ando, T. Kumanomido, H. Imagawa, Y. Akiyama and M. Oikawa Equine Getah virus infection: Pathological study of horses experimentally infected with the MI-110 strain. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci. 44,
9 7) Scherer, W. F., M. Funkenbusch, E. L. Buescher and T. Izumi Sagiyama virus, a new group A arthropod-borne virus from Japan. I. Isolation, immunological classification and ecologic observa tions. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 11, ) Sentsui, H. and Y. Kono Survey on anti body to Getah virus in horses in Japan. Natl, Inst. Anim. Health Q, 20, ) Imagawa, H., Y. Ando, M. Kamada, T. Sugiura, T. Kumanomido, Y. Fukunaga, R. Wada, K. Hirasawa and Y. Akiyama Sero-epizootiolo gical survey on Getah virus infection in light horses in Japan. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci. 43, ) Matsumura, H., H. Goto, K. Shimizu, T. Sugiura, Y. Ando, T. Kumanomido, K. Hirasawa and Y. Akiyama Prevalence and distribution of antibodies to Getah and Japanese encephalitis viruses in horses raised in Hokkaido. Jpn. J. Vet. Sci. 44, ) Sugiura, T., Y. Ando, H. Imagawa, T. Kuma nomido, Y. Fukunaga, M. Kamada, R. Wada, K. Hirasawa and Y. Akiyama An epizoo tiological study of Getah virus among light horses in Japan in Bull. Equine Res. Inst. No. 18, ) Nakajima, H, and C. Ushimi Immuno diffusion studies of purified equine infectious anemia virus. Infect. Immun. 3, ) Sugiura, T., Y. Ando and K. Hirasawa Detection and titration of precipitating antibody against equine herpesvirus type 1 by agar gel im munodiffusion test. Bull. Equine Res. Inst. No. 20, ) Sugiura, T., Y. Fukunaga, M. Kamada, Y. Ando and K. Hirasawa Isolation of herpesvirus type 2 from foals with pneumonitis. Bull. Equine Res. Inst. No. 20, ) Collins, A. R. and A. L. Barron Demon stration of group and species-specific antigens of chlamydial agents by gel diffusion. J. Infect. leis. 121, 1-8.
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