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1 TCP/IP 1
2 UTP ISDN FDDI PPP ATM PPP over Ethernet b 2
3 TA CSU/DSU ATM ADSL CATV 3
4 4
5 MAC 5
6 FDDI 6
7 ? 7
8 ISDN ATM ADSL CATV 8
9 /ADSL/CATV 9
10 ATM 10
11 IP 11
12 IP IP IP CIDR JPNIC IP
13 13
14 [ 1] whois [ 2] JPNIC 14
15 2 JPNIC 15
16 16
17 JP JPNIC JPRS JaPan Registry Service JPRS 17
18 18
19 TCP/IP -Unix - (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) DNS (6) (7) (8) WWW 19
20 Name IP Address ; ifconfig Name IP Address DNS Host Table (/etc/hosts) DNS (/etc/resolv.conf); named ; sendmail DHCP ; dhcpc dhcpd ; lp lpd 20
21 Hostname IP address Subnetmask Default gateway Broadcast address Domain name Name servers Routing protocol Mail server Mail relay Print server File server 21
22 TCP/IP (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) DNS (6) (7) (8) WWW 22
23 kernel configuration file ; BSD UNIX kernel /usr/src/sys/i386/conf/generic # config GENERIC # cd /usr/src/sys/compile/generic # make depend # make # make install 23
24 TCP/IP (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) DNS (6) (7) (8) WWW 24
25 Interface Configuration ifconfig interface-name IP-address netmask ex. ifconfig le netmask (1) interface-name (2) IP-Address (3) netmask (4) Broadcast Address 25
26 Interface Configuration % ifconfig le0 le0: flags=863<up,broadcast,notrailers,running,multicast> mtu 1500 inet netmask ffff0000 broadcast % ifconfig -a 26
27 Interface Configuration ; netstat -i - Name ; interface name - Mtu ; link MTU size - Net/Dest ; Network Address ( ) p2p IP - Address ; assigned IP address - Ipkts ; received packets - Ierrs ; error packets to be received - Opkts ; output packets - Oerrs ; error packets to be sent - Collis ; Ethernet collision - Queue ; 27
28 Interface Configuration % netstat -ni Name Mtu Net/Dest Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Collis Queue le lo ppp
29 Interface Configuration Startup Files Boot /etc/rc.boot,/etc/netstart OS ; Linux ; /etc/rc.d % cd /etc/rc.d % grep ifconfig * rc.inet1 /sbin/ifconfig lo rc.inet2:/sbin/ifconfig eh boardcast netmask
30 TCP/IP (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) DNS (6) (7) (8) WWW 30
31 (1) IP Loop-Back (2) (static routing) Gateway(router) (3) (dynamic routing) Gateway(router) 31
32 (1) IP Loop-Back (2) (static routing) Gateway(router) (3) (dynamic routing) Gateway(router) 32
33 Gateway; pecan Host; peanut ( ) Gateway; almond Subnet; /24 33
34 % netstat -rn Routing Tables Destinations Gateway Flags Refcnt Use Interface UH lo U le0 % ping PING : 56 data bytes 64 bytes from : icmp_seq=0. Time=11.ms 64 bytes from : ic,p_seq=0. Time=10.ms : : % ping sendto: Network is unreachable % ping sendto: Network is unreachable Flags U Up H; Host G; Gateway 34
35 (1) IP Loop-Back (2) (static routing) Gateway(router) (3) (dynamic routing) Gateway(router) 35
36 Gateway; pecan Local neteork / Host; peanut ( ) Subnet; / Gateway; almond Internet 36
37 % route add add net : gateway route command; route [action] [destination] [gateway] [action] ; (1) add (2) delete (3) chenge [destination]; (1) IP address (network or host) (2) name in /etc/networks, etc/hosts (3) default 37
38 % netstat -rn Routing Tables Destinations Gateway Flags Refcnt Use Interface UH lo U le G le0 38
39 Gateway; pecan Local neteork / Host; peanut ( ) Subnet; / Gateway; almond Internet 39
40 % route add default add net default: gateway % netstat -rn Routing Tables Destinations Gateway Flags Refcnt Use Interface UH lo U 0 0 le0 default UG le0 % ping PING : 56 data bytes 64 bytes from ruby.ora.com ( ): icmp_seq=0.time=110.ms % ping PING : 56 data bytes ICMP host redirect from gateway almond.nuts.com( ) to pecan.nuts.com( ) for bytes from : icmp_seq=1.time=39.ms 40
41 % netstat -nr Routing tables Destination Gateway Flags Refcnt Use Interface UH lo UGHD le0 default UG le U le0 41
42 % route add add net : gateway % route add add net : gateway % route add add net : gateway % netstat -nr Routing tables Destination Gateway Flags Refcnt Use Interface UH lo U le UGHD le0 default UG le UG le UG 0 0 le UG 0 0 le0 42
43 Startup Files Boot /etc/rc.boot,/etc/netstart OS ; Linux ; /etc/rc.d % cd /etc/rc.d % grep route * rc.inet1 /sbin/route add rc.inet1:/sbin/route add default
44 (1) IP Loop-Back (2) (static routing) Gateway(router) (3) (dynamic routing) Gateway(router) 44
45 TCP/IP (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) DNS (6) (7) (8) WWW 45
46 DNS named configuration files /etc/named.boot ; domain DB /etc/named.ca ; root name server (/etc/named.root, /etc/root.ca) /etc/named.local ; name/domain /etc/named.hosts ; zone file ( ) /etc/named.rev ; zone file ( ) 46
47 TCP/IP (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) DNS (6) (i) DHCP (ii) Mail (iii) FTP (iv) SAMBA (7) (8) WWW 47
48 DHCP DNS DHCP 48
49 DHCP ISC DHCP /etc/dhcpd.conf WIDE DHCP 49
50 TCP/IP (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) DNS (6) (i) DHCP (ii) Mail (iii) FTP (iv) SAMBA (7) (8) WWW 50
51 SMTP (Sendmailetc.) POP IMAP 51
52 SMTP SMTP POP/IMAP 52
53 sendmail - sendmail sendmail # gzip -d sendmail tar.gz # tar -xvf sendmail tar # cd sendmail # sh makesendmail Configuration: os=linux, rel=2.0.30, rbase=2, rroot=2.0, arch=i486, sfx= Creating obj.inux i486 using makefile.linux ( ) groff -Tascii -mandoc sendmail.8 > sendmail.0 # cd obj.linux i486 # mkdir /var/spool/mqueue # chmod 700 /var/spool/mqueue #./makesendmail install # kill -HUP head -1 /var/run/sendmail.pid 53
54 sendmail sendmail (sendmail.cf) sendmail.cf cf : sendmail CF: ftp://ftp.kyoto.wide.ad.jp/pub/mail/cf/ 54
55 /etc/inetd.conf Mail Service -POP/IMAP - pop3 stream tcp nowait root /etc/pop3d pop3d imap stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/imapd imapd /etc/services pop3 110/tcp # Post Office Version 3 imap 143/tcp # IMAP version 4 55
56 TCP/IP (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) DNS (6) (i) DHCP (ii) Mail (iii) FTP (iv) SAMBA (7) (8) WWW 56
57 FTP (i) anonymous (ii) user oriented TCP Port Number = 21 /etc/inetd.config FTP ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/etc/ftpd ftpd -X (*) -X -l ; -d ; syslog -t seconds -T seconds ; ftp -u permission ; UNIX Default
58 TCP/IP (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) DNS (6) (i) DHCP (ii) Mail (iii) FTP (iv) SAMBA (7) (8) WWW 58
59 SAMBA MS-Windows UNIX UNIX MS-Windows SAMBA
60 TCP/IP (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) DNS (6) (7) (8) WWW 60
61 TCP/IP (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) DNS (6) (7) (8) WWW 61
62 WWW WWW(World-wide Web) HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) apache WWW httpd.conf srm.conf access.conf 62
63 Troubleshooting & Monitoring 63
64 Approaching a Problem TIPS; - - -? + Application? +? +?
65 Approaching a Problem ( ) TIPS; - (Firewall). ping, traceroute, ICMP_error - Error Message - (e.g., FAQ) - (e.g., cable, plug) 65
66 Diagnostic Tools Lap-Top PC - ifconfig; Interface Configuration - arp; ARP-table information - netstat ; routing information - ping ; reachability/connectivity - nslookup ; DNS information - dig ; DNS information - traceroute ; routing path - snoop ; packet trace 66
67 Troubleshooting & Monitoring (1) Diagnostic Tools (2) Testing Basic Connectivity (3) Troubleshooting Network Access (4) Checking Routing and Name Service (5) Analyzing Protocol Problem (6) SNMP; Simple Network Management Protocol 67
68 Connectivity Check ; ping ping host [packet_size] [count] - Unknown host ; DNS nslookup, dig - Network unreachable ; Routing Protocol traceroute, netstat - No Answer ; Routing Protocol Interface traceroute, netstat, ifconfig 68
69 Connectivity Check ; ping ping host [packet_size] [count] # ping -s ns.uu.net 56 5 PING ns.uu.net: 56 data bytes 64 bytes from ns.uu.net ( ): icmp_seq=0. Time=32.8 ms 64 bytes from ns.uu.net ( ): icmp_seq=1. Time=15.3 ms 64 bytes from ns.uu.net ( ): icmp_seq=2. Time=13.1 ms 64 bytes from ns.uu.net ( ): icmp_seq=3. Time=32.4 ms 64 bytes from ns.uu.net ( ): icmp_seq=4. Time=28.1 ms ----ns.uu.net PING Statistic packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip (ms) min/avg/max = 13.1/24.3/
70 Troubleshooting & Monitoring (1) Diagnostic Tools (2) Testing Basic Connectivity (3) Troubleshooting Network Access (4) Checking Routing and Name Service (5) Analyzing Protocol Problem (6) SNMP; Simple Network Management Protocol 70
71 Troubleshooting Network Access ifconfig command # ifconfig le0 le0: flags=863<up,broadcast,notrailers,running, MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet netmask ffffff00 broadcast arp command # arp -a Net to Media Table Device IP Address Mask Flags Phys Addr le0 peanut.nut.com :00:20:05:21:33 le0 pecan.nut.com :00:0c:e0:80:b1 le0 almond.nut.com SP 08:00:20:22:fd:51 le0 BASE-ADDRESS.MCAST.NET SM 01:00:5e:00:00:00 71
72 Troubleshooting Network Access ; IP_Address MAC_Address => ARP (20 ) # arp -d host_name # arp -s host_name MAC_address 72
73 Troubleshooting Network Access netstat command # netstar -i Name Mtu Net/Dest Address Ipkts Ierrs Opkts Oerrs Collis Queue le nuts.com almond le loopback localhost Too many Collisions Dividing Ethernet (i) Switch (ii) Router 73
74 Troubleshooting & Monitoring (1) Diagnostic Tools (2) Testing Basic Connectivity (3) Troubleshooting Network Access (4) Checking Routing and Name Service (5) Analyzing Protocol Problem (6) SNMP; Simple Network Management Protocol 74
75 Checking Routing netstat command (-rn option) % netstat -rn Routing tables Destination Gateway Flags Refcnt Use Interface UH lo0 default UG U le UG le UG le UG le0 % netstat -rn grep UG le0 75
76 Checking Routing ( ) % ping -s sunsite.une.edu 56 2 (*) sunsite.une.edu= PING sunsite.unc.edu: 56 data bytes sendto: Network is unreachable ping: wrote sunsite.une.edu 64 chars, ret=-1 sendto: Network is unreachable ping: wrote sunsite.une.edu 64 chars, ret= sunsite.une.edu PING Statistics packets transmitted, 0 packet received, 100% packet loss % netstat -rn grep <= check route for % (*) no response... % netstat -rn grep def <= check default route % default UG le default router ( ) (1)default router Static Dynamic routing 76
77 Checking Routing ( ) Static route ; route add % route add Dynamic route ; routing process check % ps cat /etc/gated.pid PID TT STAT TIME COMMAND 27711? S 304:59 gated -tep /etc/log/gated/log 77
78 Checking Routing; traceroute traceroute command % traceroute da.internic.net traceroute to ds.internic.net ( ),30 hops max, 40 bytes packtes 1 gw-55.nuts.com ( ) 0.95ms 0.91ms 0.91ms ( ) 1.51ms 1.33ms 1.29ms 3 gw225.nuts.com ( ) 4.13ms 1.94ms 2.20ms ( ) 52.90ms 81.19ms 58.09ms 5 washdc1-br2.bbnplanet.net ( ) 6.5ms 5.8ms 5.88ms 6 nyc1-br1.bbnplanet.net ( ) 13.24ms 12.71ms 12.96ms 7 nyc1-br2.bbnplanet.net ( ) 14.64ms 13.32ms 12.21ms 8 cambridge1-br1.bbnplanet.net ( ) 28.84ms 27.78ms 23.56ms 9 cambridge1-crl4.bbnplanet.net ( ) 19.9ms 24.7ms 22.3ms 10 attbcstoll.bbnplanet.net ( ) 34.31ms 36.63ms 32.32ms 11 ds0.internic.net ( ) 33.19ms 33.34ms *... 9 * * * 10 * * * 6 nyc1-br1.bbnplanet.net ( ) 13.24ms 12.71ms 12.96ms 7 nyc1-br2.bbnplanet.net ( ) 14.64ms 13.32ms 12.21ms 8 nyc1-br1.bbnplanet.net ( ) 11.21ms 10.81ms 10.96ms 9 nyc1-br2.bbnplanet.net ( ) 14.14ms 12.32ms 14.23ms : 78
79 Checking Name Service nslookup / dig Command - Remote domain Authoritative Server - Remote host - Remote zone % nslookup Default Server: almond nuts.com Address: > set type=ns > foo.edu. Server: almond.nuts.com Address: foo.edu nameserver = gerbil.foo.edu foo.edu nameserver = red.big.com foo.edu nameserver = shrew.foo.edu gerbil.foo.edu inet address = red.big.com inet address = shrew.foo.edu inet address = > set type=any > server gerbil.foo.edu Default Server: gerbil.foo.edu Address:
80 Checking Name Service ( ) > hamster.foo.edu Server: gerbil.foo.edu Address: hamster.foo.edu inet address = > server red.big.com Default Server: red.big.com Address: > hamster.foo.edu Server: red.big.com Address: *** red.big.com can t find hamster.foo.edu: Non-existant domain hamster.foo.edu ( ) - gerbil.foo.edu - red.big.com :-( 80
81 Checking Name Service ( ) > server red.big.com Default Server: red.big.com Address: > set type=soa > foo.edu Server: red.big.com Address: gerbil.foo.edu foo.edu origin = gerbil.foo.edu mail addr = amanda.gerbil.foo.edu serial=10164, refresh=43200, retry=3600, expire= , min= > server gerbil.foo.edu Default Server: gerbil.foo.edu Address: > foo.edu Server: gerbil.foo.edu Address: Zone-file version ( serial ) foo.edu > exit origin = gerbil.foo.edu mail addr = amanda.gerbil.foo.edu serial=10164, refresh=43200, retry=3600, expire= , min=
82 Checking Name Service; dig dig Query Types Queue Type a any mx ns soa hinfo axfr txt DNS Record Requested Address Record Any type of record Mail Exchange records Name Server records Start of Authority records Host Information records All records in the zone Text records 82
83 Checking Name Service; dig % dig -x ; <<>> DiG 2.1 <<>> -x ;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch ;; got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; Ques: 1, Auth: 0, Addit: 0 ;; QUESTIONS: ;; in-addr.arpa, type = ANY, class = IN ;; ANSWERS: in-addr.arpa PTR BITSY.MIT.EDU. ;; Total query time: 74 msec ;; FROM: peanut to SERVER: default ;; WHEN: Sat Jul 12 11:12: ;; MSG SIZE sent: 40 rcvd: 67 83
84 Troubleshooting & Monitoring (1) Diagnostic Tools (2) Testing Basic Connectivity (3) Troubleshooting Network Access (4) Checking Routing and Name Service (5) Analyzing Protocol Problem tcpdump (6) SNMP; Simple Network Management Protocol 84
85 tcpdump Van Jacobson, Craig Leres, Steven McCanne (LBL; Lawrence Berkeley Lab.,UCB) BSD Packet Filter (BPF) man tcpdump, man bpf (1) Port=25 TCP Dump % tcpdump tcp port 25 (2) ICMP=0,8(echo request/reply) ICMP Dump % tcpdump icmp[0]!= 8 icmp[0]!= 0 85
86 tcpdump Implentation tcpdump tcpdump tcpdump TCP, UDP IP, ICMP, IGMP filter filter filter BPF driver copy of received pckts Device Driver copy of transmitted pckts < kernel > Physical Network (e.g., Ethernet) 86
87 1 (0.0 ) solaris > slip.discard: S 1:1(0) win 8760 <mss 1460> (DF) 2 (0.1016) slip.discard > solaris.33016: S 1:1(0) ack 1 win 4096 <mss 512> 3 (0.5290) solaris > slip.discard: P 1:513(512) ack 1 win 4096 <mss 512> 4 (0.0038) bsdi > solaris: icmp: slip unreachable - need to frag, mtu = 296 (DF) 5 (0.0259) solaris > slip.discard: F 513:513(0) ack 1 win 9216 (DF) 6 (0.0923) slip.discard > solaris.33016:. ack 1 win (0.3577) solaris > slip.discard: P 1:257(256) ack 1 win 9216 (DF) 8 (0.3290) slip.doscard > solaris.33016:. ack 257 win (0.3308) solaris > slip.discard: FP 257:513(256) ack 1 win 9216 (DF) 10 (0.3208) slip.discard > solaris.33016:. ack win (0.0422) slip.discard > solaris.33016: F 1:1(0) ack 514 win (0.1719) slip.discard > splaris.33016:. ack 2 win 9216 (DF) <mss 1460> <mss 296> solaris bsdi slip 512 B (DF) ICMP too big (mss 296) 87
88 Troubleshooting & Monitoring (1) Diagnostic Tools (2) Testing Basic Connectivity (3) Troubleshooting Network Access (4) Checking Routing and Name Service (5) Analyzing Protocol Problem (6) SNMP; Simple Network Management Protocol 88
89 SNMP ; RFC1157 Simple Network Management Protcol UDP port 161 / 162 Client/Server protocol - manager device being managed - agent NMS(Network Management Center) Request / Response protocol -requesting ; manager - responding ; agent Request Types - polling - trap-directed polling 89
90 SNMP Operation SNMP manager SNMP agent get-request get-response UDP port 161 get-next-request get-response UDP port 161 set-request get-response UDP port 161 UDP port 162 trap 90
91 SNMP Message Format common SNMP header IP datagram UDP datagram SNMP message get/set header variables to get/set IP header UDP header Version (=0) Community PDU Type (0-3) request ID Error status (0-5) Error index name value name value 20B 8B PDU Type (=4) enterprise agent addr trap type (0-6) trap header specifictime code stamp name value interesting variables 91
92 PDU ; Protocol Data Unit SNMP PDU type Use GetRequest 0 Manager requests an update GetNextRequest 1 Manager requests the next entry in a table GetResponse 2 Agent answers a manager request SetRequest 3 Manager modifies data on managed device Trap 4 Agent alerts manager of an unusual event SNMP Traps Trap coldstart warmstart enterprisespecific authenticationfailure linkdown linkup egpneighborloss Meaning Agent restarted: possible configuration changes Agent reinitiated without configuration changes An event significant to this hardware or software Agent received an unauthenticated message Agent detected a network link failure Agent detected a network link coming up The device s EGP neighbor is down 92
93 SNMP Error Status SNMP Error name type description noerror 0 all is OK toobig 1 agent could not reply by a single message nosuchname 2 Nonexistent variable badvalue 3 invalid value or syntax readonly 4 tried to modify(set) read-only value generr 5 some other error 93
94 SNMP SMI SMI (Structure of Management Information) ; RFC1155 / Managed object ; object identifier - Global unique name - Hierarchical name structure -ISO s ANS.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) format (*) ISO MIB (Management Information Base) = individual database of management information (i) Network maps (ii) Tabular data displays (iii) Filters (iv) Alarms 94
95 SMI Object Identifiers root ccitt(0) iso(1) joint-iso-ccit(2) org(3) dod(6) internet(1) <= directory(1) mgmt(2) experimental(3) private(4) mib(1) <= enterprise(1) system(1) interface(2) at(3) ip(4) icmp(5) tcp(6) udp(7)... 95
96 SNMP ANS.1 (1) udp ( ) IpAddress IpAddress ::= [APPLICATION 0] -- in network-byte order -- IMPLICIT OCTET STRING (SIZE(4)) (2) udp ( ) udpnoports udpnoports OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Counter ACCESS read-only STATUS mandatory DESCRIPTION The total number of received UDP datagrams for which there was no application at the destination port. ::={ udp 2} 96
97 97
98 TCP/IP 98
ｽﾗｲﾄﾞ ﾀｲﾄﾙなし
TCP/IP 1 IP 2 IP IP IP CIDR JPNIC IP 1 4500 3 [ 1] whois [ 2] JPNIC http://www.nic.ad.jp/cgi-bin/whois_gw 4 2 JPNIC 5 6 JP JPNIC JPRS JaPan Registry Service JPRS http://jprs.jp/dotjp/faq.html 7 8 TCP/IP
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I j06062 19.5.22 19.5.25 19.5.25 1 1 1 ping 3 2 2 ping 4 3 3 traceroute 5 4 4 netstat 5 4.1 netstat -i............................................. 5 4.2 netstat -r.............................................
065763J ping ping pw ping % ping -c 5 pw193.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp PING pw193.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp ( ): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from
065763J 5 22 1 1 ping ping pw ping % ping -c 5 pw193.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp PING pw193.cs.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp (133.13.49.193): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 133.13.49.193: icmp_seq=0 ttl=62 time=2.628 ms 64
IP 2.2 (IP ) IP 2.3 DNS IP IP DNS DNS 3 (PC) PC PC PC Linux(ubuntu) PC TA 2
IP 2010 10 1 1 IP (IP ) 2 IP IP 2.1 IP (IP ) 1 IP 2.2 (IP ) IP 2.3 DNS IP IP DNS DNS 3 (PC) PC PC PC Linux(ubuntu) PC TA 2 4 1,2 4.1 (Protocol) IP:Internet Protocol) 4.2 internet The Internet (internet)
128 64 32 16 8bit 7bit 6bit 5bit 4bit 3bit 2bit 1bit 8 4 2 1 3.6m 4.5m 5.5m 6.4m Tokyo:3.6m 3.6m 4.5m 3.6m 5.5m 6.4m JCSAT-3 AI 3 Hub WIDE Internet 2Mbps VSAT point-to-point/multicst
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ICMP 0466-XX-1395 t04000aa@sfc.keio.ac.jp 133.113.215.10 (ipv4) 2001:200:0:8803::53 (ipv6) (FQDN: Fully Qualified Domain Name) ( www.keio.ac.jp 131.113.215.10 /MAC ID 00:11:24:79:8e:82 Port Port = = Port
1 Linux UNIX-PC LAN. UNIX. LAN. UNIX. 1.1 UNIX LAN. 1.2 Linux PC Linux. 1.3 studenta odd kumabari studentb even kumabari studentc odd kumabari student
LAN 0000000000 6/6, 6/13, 6/20 1 Linux UNIX-PC LAN. UNIX. LAN. UNIX. 1.1 UNIX LAN. 1.2 Linux PC Linux. 1.3 studenta odd kumabari studentb even kumabari studentc odd kumabari studentd even kumabari 1: LAN
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I-4 055702B : 2006 5 17 2006 5 19 2006 5 19 1 1 1 ping ping ping -c 5 [ or IP ] 2 1 ping ping -c 5 -s 65000 [ or IP ] * 3 traceroute 1 ping traceroute ping 4 netstat -i-r-s-a 5 ifconfig ifconfig -a 2 6
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IP TCP IP ヘッダデータ部ヘッダデータ部ヘッダデータ部 Ethernet パケット Ethernet パケット Ethernet パケット IP(1) 0 8 16 24 31 () Version IHL () Time To Live () Identification () Type of Service ) Flags Protocol () Source Address IP) Destination
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osamu@sfc.keio.ac.jp CNS 18 Web http://www.sfc.wide.ad.jp/~three/itbasic05/ 6/6 7/11 1 ls -la t04xxx student -rwxr-xrx three student - rwx r-x r-x Windows GUI UNIX Windows chmod CNS (755) (ug+x) % chmod
e164.arpa DNSSEC Version JPRS JPRS e164.arpa DNSSEC DNSSEC DNS DNSSEC (DNSSEC ) DNSSEC DNSSEC DNS ( ) % # (root)
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2 PC [1], [2], [3] 2.1 OS 2.1 ifconfig 2.1 lo ifconfig -a 2.1 enp1s0, enx0090cce7c734, lo 3 enp1s0 enx0090cce7c734 PC 2.1 (eth0, eth1) PC 14
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2 PC [1], [2], [3] 2.1 OS 2.1 ifconfig 2.1 lo ifconfig -a 2.1 enp1s0, enx0090cce7c734, lo 3 enp1s0 enx0090cce7c734 PC 2.1 (eth0, eth1) PC 14 $ ifconfig lo Link encap: inet :127.0.0.1 :255.0.0.0 inet6 :
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IP TCP TCP/IP 1) TCP 2) TCPIP 3) IPLAN 4) IP パケット TCP パケット Ethernet パケット 発信元 送信先 ヘッダ 列番号 ポート番号 TCP パケットのデータ IP パケットのデータ 本当に送りたいデータ データ IP ヘッダデータ部ヘッダデータ部ヘッダデータ部 Ethernet パケット Ethernet パケット Ethernet パケット
$ ifconfig lo Link encap: inet : : inet6 : ::1/128 : UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 :1 RX :8 :0 :0 :0 :0 TX :8 :0 :0 :0 :0 (Collision
2 (1) (2)PC [1], [2], [3] 2.1 OS ifconfig OS 2.1 ifconfig ( ) ifconfig -a 2.1 PC PC enp1s0, enx0090cce7c734, lo 3 PC 2.1 13 $ ifconfig lo Link encap: inet :127.0.0.1 :255.0.0.0 inet6 : ::1/128 : UP LOOPBACK
TCP/IP Internet Week 2002 [2002/12/17] Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd. No.3 Internet Week 2002 [2002/12/17] Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd. No.4 2
![TCP/IP Internet Week 2002 [2002/12/17] Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd. No.3 Internet Week 2002 [2002/12/17] Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd. No.4 2](/thumbs/91/105050540.jpg "TCP/IP Internet Week 2002 [2002/12/17] Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd. No.3 Internet Week 2002 [2002/12/17] Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd. No.4 2")
Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd. JPRS matuura@jprs.co.jp Internet Week 2002 [2002/12/17] Japan Registry Service Co., Ltd. No.1 TCP IP DNS Windows Internet Week 2002 [2002/12/17] Japan Registry Service
日本語ドメイン名運用ガイド
2001/08/28( ) 2003/09/04...2....2....2 DNS Web...3....3. ASCII...3...4....4....4 DNS...5....5....5....5.....5.. named.conf...6.....6.. DNS...7. RACE...8 Web...9....9....9....9.....9.. httpd.conf...10..
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