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1 pp * q 1. MOS Mean Opinion Score ITU-T P.835 [1] [2] [3] Subjective and objective quality evaluation of noisereduced speech. Takeshi Yamada, Shoji Makino and Nobuhiko Kitawaki (University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, ) [4 10] [5, 6, 9] ITU- T P.835 [1] P.835 Good Fair

2 Speech quality Noise quality Overall quality Score Category Category Category 5 Not distorted Not noticeable Excellent 4 Slightly distorted Slightly noticeable Good 3 Somewhat distorted Noticeable but not intrusive Fair 2 Fairly distorted Somewhat intrusive Poor 1 Very distorted Very intrusive Bad [11] P [12] SNR Clean dB 6 EVRC Enhanced Variable Rate Codec [13] [14] SVD [15] GMM [15] 5 8kHz 1 SNR MOS Overall quality = Speech quality Noise quality (1) RMSE Root Mean Square Error 0.26 [6] (1) 2

3 FR 3 [7] 3 P.835 FR Full-Reference NR Non-Reference 2.3 FR FR FR ITU-T P.862 [16] PESQ 5 1 (1) 4 SNR 2.1 RMSE 0.33 PESQ

4 479 5 PESQ 6 NR 5 RMSE 0.94 PESQ 2.4 NR NR ITU-T P.563 [17] P.563 NR Basic speech descriptors Unnatural speech 27 Noise analysis Interruptions/Mutes 24 1 (1) RMSE 0.37 FR P RMSE 0.58 P P [2] F F F F NTT [18] 1

5 F4 10 F4 F1 9 F1 4 AURORA-2J [19] SNR Clean dB 6 (S) SS-SMT [20] (T) SVD [15] (G) GMM [15] (N) 4 8kHz F4 F1 8 9 SNR SNR F1 Clean 80% 3.2 PESQ MOS PESQ MOS 11 a y = (2) 1+e b(x c) y x PESQ MOS a b c PESQ MOS (2) [21] F4 F1 10 PESQ MOS SNR 10 PESQ MOS (2) 11

6 RMSE PESQ 4. [ 1 ] ITU-T Rec. P.835, Subjective test methodology for evaluating speech communication systems that include noise suppression algorithm (2003). [2],,,,,,,, 54, (1998). [3],,,,,,, 63, (2007). [ 4 ] N. Egi, H. Aoki and A. Takahashi, Objective quality evaluation method for noise-reduced speech, IEICE Trans. Commun., E91-B, (2008). [5],,,,, 7 QoS, pp (2009). [ 6 ] T. Yamada, Y. Kasuya, Y. Shinohara and N. Kitawaki, Non-reference objective quality evaluation for noise-reduced speech using overall quality estimation model, IEICE Trans. Commun., E93-B, (2010). [7],,,,, B-11-18, p. 447 (2011.3). [ 8 ] ETSI EG V1.3.1, Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Speech quality performance in the presence of background noise Part 3: Background noise transmission Objective test methods (2011). [ 9 ] T. Yamada, M. Kumakura and N. Kitawaki, Objective estimation of word intelligibility for noisereduced speech, IEICE Trans. Commun., E91-B, (2008). [10] K. Kondo and Y. Takano, Estimation of twoto-one forced selection intelligibility scores by speech recognizers using noise-adapted models, Proc. Interspeech 2010, pp (2010). [11] Z. Cai, N. Kitawaki, T. Yamada and S. Makino, Comparison of MOS evaluation characteristics for Chinese, Japanese, and English in IP telephony, Proc. Int. Universal Communication Symp., IUCS2010, pp (2010). [12], src/list/detail.html#jeida-noise. [13] 3GPP2 C.S0014-A Version 1.0, Enhanced variable rate codec, speech service option 3 for wideband spread spectrum digital systems (2004). [14],,,,, J87-D-II, (2004). [15] M. Fujimoto and Y. Ariki, Combination of temporal domain SVD based speech enhancement and GMM based speech estimation for ASR in noise Evaluation on the AURORA2 task, Proc. Eurospeech 2003, pp (2003). [16] ITU-T Rec. P.862, Perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ): An objective method for endto-end speech quality assessment of narrow-band telephone networks and speech codecs (2001). [17] ITU-T Rec. P.563, Single ended method for objective speech quality assessment in narrow-band telephony applications (2004). [18] NTT, #FW03. [19] S. Nakamura, K. Takeda, K. Yamamoto, T. Yamada, S. Kuroiwa, N. Kitaoka, T. Nishiura, A. Sasou, M. Mizumachi, C. Miyajima, M. Fujimoto and T. Endo, AURORA-2J: An evaluation framework for Japanese noisy speech recognition, IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst., E88-D, (2005). [20],,,,, J83-D-II, (2000). [21] T. Yamada, M. Kumakura and N. Kitawaki, Performance estimation of speech recognition system under noise conditions using objective quality measures and artificial voice, IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process., 14, (2006).

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