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22 NOTES 1. "Ecology as the basis of desim" is a wondeful phrase that was used in the subtitle of the pioneering book Bioshelters, Ocean Arhs, City Farming: Ecology as the Basis of Design by Nancy Jack Todd and John Todd (San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1984). The book is now available in an updated edition called From Eco-Cities to Lioing Machines: Principles of Ecological Design (Berkeley: Notrth Atlantic Books,1994). 2. Buckminster Fuller, Synergetics: Explorations in the Geometry of Thinhine (New York: Macmillan, 1975), Edward O. Wilson, The Diaersity of Life (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 199D Nancy Jack Todd and John Todd, From Eco-Cities.175.

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42 5. Wallace Stegner, Beyond the Handredth Meridian: John Weslev Powell and the Second Opening of the West (New York: Penguin Books, 1992), Vicki L. Kramer, Joshua N. Collins, and Charles Beeslev, "Reduction of Salt Marsh Mosquitoes by Enhancing Tidal Action," Proceed' ings of Catifornia Mosquito Vector Control Association (I99D: 2l- 7. Ian McHarg, Destgn with Nature (Garden City, N.Y.: Natural History Press, 1969), Biggs, Fractals, Royal Commission on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront, Regeneration: Toronto's Waterfront and the Sustainable Citv: Final Report (Toronto: Queen's Printer of Ontario, 1992), xxii. 10. Ibid., Ibid., xxii. 12. K.-H. Robbrt, "Norr-Negotiable Facts as a Basis for Decision- Making," a working paper for the Natural Step Foundation, Amiralitetshuset. Sweden, 1-2.

43 NOTES l. John Briggs, Fractals: The Patterns of Chaos: Discouering a New Aesthetic of Art, Science, and Nature (New york: Simon & Schuster. L992),2r. 2. John Harte et al., Toxics A to Z: A Guide to Eaerydag pollution Hazards (Berkeley and Los Angeles: Univ. of California press, lg91), Biggs, Fraclak, L These comments rely on a manuscript version of paul Mankiewicz's paper "Biological Surfaces, Metabolic Capacitance, Growth, and Differentiation: A Theoretical Exploration of Thermodynamic, Eco_ nomic, and Material Efficiencies in Fluid purification Systems," a 19g3 report from the Center for Restoration of Waters, Falmouth. Mass.

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