WWW REST

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1 2004 REST : U032-1

2 WWW REST SENCHA: Smart Environment for Controlling Home Appliances SOAP REST: Representational State Transfer REST REST REST SENCHA REST Java

2 REST: Representational State Transfer................ 14 2.2.1 REST......................... 14 2.2.2 REST......................... 15 2.2.3.............................. 16 2.2.4 REST.......................... 18 3 19 3.

3 SENCHA Jini ICrafter SpeakEasy A WSDL 45 A

1 Jini..................................... 38 5.2 ICrafter.................................. 38 5.3 SpeakEasy.

4 OSGi SENCHA PAC Representational State Transfer REST UI UI UI REST SOAP

1 REST.......................... 24 3.2.......................... 25 3.3 UI............................. 26 3.4 UI........................... 26 3.5........................ 27 3.

5 SOAP

6 WWW WWW REST Representational State Transfer WWW REST SENCHA REST REST SENCHA REST SENCHA REST REST

7 Abstract By the transition of the computer paradigm from the personal computing to the ubiquitous computing, user surroundings, such as home appliances, audios, furnitures, come to have computational power and network capability. These enhanced devices communicate with each other and support a sophisticated user s life. Such an environment is called a home computing environment and in which the requirement for interoperability and compatibility must be fulfilled because there are many devices with various types and functions, and there is a requirement of the user to construct his/her applications freely for his/her needs or tasks. WWW(World Wide Web) is one of the system that fulfills a similar requirement. The basis of WWW is simple model which is called REST(Representational State Transfer), and the core of REST is consists of 1) genericity of interfaces which is achieved by a few sets of command, 2) uniquely addressable resources. Thus, WWW has achieved a high interoprability and a flexible extensibility by this model. In this thesis, REST is introduced into the home computing environment to cope with the problem of interoperability, and it is verified that the simple architecture of REST is useful in the home computing environment Concretely, REST is introduced into SENCHA that is the Home-computing middleware based on UPnP(Universal Plug and Play). In the chapter of design, SENCHA is reconstructed by analyzing it by using concept of basic elements defined in REST architectural style; component, connector, and data, and using abstraction of resource and representation. As for SENCHA, the introduction of REST enables light weight architecture and minimizes dependency of the interface. Thus, flexible composition of the devices by the end users become possible. It can be considered that it is very useful to introduce architecture as simple as the model of REST into the home computing environment while it is not suitable for synchronization in the handling of the media data.

Such an environment is called a home computing environment and in which the requirement for interoperability and compatibility must be fulfilled because there are many devices with various types and

8 1 1.1 (PC) [1] : 1 PC LAN Bluetooth IEEE

9 [5] Mavrommati [5] ( ) Mavrommati 2 2 2

10 : - 1.3: - 3

11 1.3 WWW REST 1.2 WWW World Wide Web WWW WWW WWW 10 WWW REST REpresentational State Transfer [6][7][8] REST WWW REST Fielding Architectural Style 3 REST WWW REST WWW HTTP URI WWW 1.4 WWW REST SENCHA [2][3] REST SENCHA UPnP SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol [18] 3 4

12 SENCHA SOAP REST 1.5 SENCHA REST SENCHA SOAP REST REST SENCHA REST REST SENCHA REST SOAP SENCHA Jini ICrafter SpeakEasy 5

13 2 SENCHA REST 2.1 SENCHA: Smart Environment for Controlling Home Appliances SENCHA SENCHA UI SENCHA Jini[26] HAVi[27] SENCHA SENCHA PAC Personal Appliance Coordinator PAC 6

14 SENCHA UI PAC SENCHA OSGi(Open Services Gateway initiative)[11] OSGi OSGi Java UPnP Universal Plug and Play [12] 2.1: OSGi OSGi jar 1 Activator 1 OSGi 7

Java Activator Activator OSGi Activator 2.1 OSGi OSGi 2.1.2 2.

15 Java Activator Activator OSGi Activator 2.1 OSGi OSGi : SENCHA SENCHA UPnP[12] Java OSGi UPnP Universal Plug and Play 2 IP 2.2 SENCHA PAC 2 PC USB PC OS 8

2: SENCHA SENCHA UPnP[12] Java OSGi UPnP

RDF(Resource Description Framework)[13] SENCHA UPnP SSDP Simple Service Discovery Protocol [28] WSDL Web Services Description Language [14] PAC WSDL SOAP-RPC PAC PAC

16 RDF(Resource Description Framework)[13] SENCHA UPnP SSDP Simple Service Discovery Protocol [28] WSDL Web Services Description Language [14] PAC WSDL SOAP-RPC PAC PAC (Personal Appliance Coordinator) PAC : PAC Sonar SSDP UPnP SSDP SSDP HTTP UDP/IP HTTPMU HTTPU( ) SSDP IANA Internet Assigned Number Authority 9

(Personal Appliance Coordinator) PAC 2.3 2.

17 Sonar SSDP alive, byebye, M-search, response UPnP XML SENCHA RDF RDF UI Sonar RDF RDFDB RDFDB Hewlett-Packard WEB Jena[15] Jena RDF RDF SQL PAC RDFDB UI UI HTML UI HTML Appliance Controller UI HTTP WSDL SOAP-RPC Smart Appliances 2.4 Sonar SSDP Apache Axis [16] SOAP PAC Sonar PAC SOAP Apache Axis PAC Apache Axis Tomcat[17] 4 Smart Appliances RDF WSDL RDF UPnP 4 Jakarta Java JSP 10

HTML Appliance Controller UI HTTP WSDL SOAP-RPC Smart Appliances 2.

18 WSDL SOAP XML Java Apache Axis WSDL WSDL A.1 2.4: RDF RDF WEB XML Subject Predicate Object 5 Statement SENCHA RDF URI qaulified URI URI N-Trpiple[21] Notation3[20] SENCHA XML 2.5 RDF SSDP 5 Resource Property Literal 11

19 ssdp SOAP soap core:function  <rdf:description rdf:about="urn:sencha:light1">  <ssdp:servicename>urn:sencha:light1</ssdp:servicename> <ssdp:servicetype>upnp:sencha:light</ssdp:servicetype> <ssdp:location>:8080/axis/property.rdf</ssdp:location> <ssdp:cachecontrol>300</ssdp:cachecontrol> <core:friendlyname>light</core:friendlyname> <core:room>rooma</core:room> <core:owner>all</core:owner> <core:function rdf:resource="urn:homecomp:function:lightfunction" /> <core:functiontype>light</core:functiontype> <core:urlbase> <core:webport>8080</core:webport> <soap:controlurl>/axis/services/lightservice</soap:controlurl> <soap:interfacewsdl> </rdf:description> <rdf:description rdf:about="urn:sencha:function:lightfunction"> <function:name rdf:resource="urn:sencha:function:lightfunction#power"/> </rdf:description> <rdf:description rdf:about="urn:sencha:function:lightfunction#power"> <function:value>on off</function:value> <function:mean>turn power</function:mean> <function:method>power</function:method> </rdf:description> 2.5: SOAP SENCHA SOAP-RPC SOAP SOAP SOAP[18] CORBA 6 [22] DCOM 7 [23] RPC Remote Procedure Call XML RPC RPC 6 Common Object Request Broker Architecture OMG 7 Distributed COM Microsoft COM Component Object Model 12

rdf</ssdp:location> <ssdp:cachecontrol>300</ssdp:cachecontrol> <core:friendlyname>light</core:friendlyname> <core:room>rooma</core:room> <core:owner>all</core:owner> <core:function

20 SOAP WSDL SOAP RPC SOAP XML XML SOAP HTTP SMTP HTTP SOAP 8 SOAP SOAP SENCHA PAC WSDL SOAP XML PAC PDA SOAP 9 SOAP SOAP SOAP HTTP 9 13

21 1.2 XML 1.2 SOAP 2.2 REST: Representational State Transfer REST[6][7][8] Fielding 10 WEB WWW Fielding Architectural Style REST WEB REST WEB REST REST REST REST REST Resource REST Representation HTML JPEG 10 Roy T. Fielding HTTP, URI Apache Software Foundation 14

22 2.2.2 REST REST 11 REST origin sever WEB REST Stateless REST OSGi

23 REST REST : REST WEB REST REST WWW URI Uniform Resource Identifier [24] URI 16

Representation REST 2.2.1 Self-descriptive messages REST State machine 2.6 REST WWW WEB WEB 2.

24 Representation REST Self-descriptive messages REST State machine 2.6 REST WWW WEB WEB 2.6 WEB URI URI WEB Representational State Transfer REST 2.6: Representational State Transfer 17

25 2.2.4 REST REST deployment WWW HTTP 18

26 3 REST SENCHA 3.1 SENCHA SENCHA REST UPnP SENCHA UPnP UPnP REST SSDP GENA HTTP HTTP UPnP 1 URI REST SOAP URI REST REST SENCHA OSGi UPnP 19

27 SENCHA PAC REST PAC Peer-to-Peer X10 [19] X10 PC PC PC PAC PAC REST WWW SENCHA WWW HTTP GET SENCHA HTTP POST Representational State RDF WWW RDFDB SSDP SSDP HTTP SENCHA REST SENCHA REST URI 20

28 SOAP URI 3.2 REST SENCHA RDF RDF IP / POST GET PAC power channel RDF PAC POST text/plain HTTP POST (controllable) (monitorable) RDF controllable POST monitorable HTTP SUBSCRIBE monitorable controllable RDF 21

29 monitorable POST POST HTTP HTTP Content-Type appliacation/x-www-urlencoded, TV Channel Search Channnel POST interval=5,channel_set=4&8&10 TV / URI URI GET GET URI MIME MIME MIME RDF SENCHA HTTP POST 22

30 HTTP GET HTTP SUBSCRIBE (HTTP NOTIFY/M-SEARCH) HTTP POST REST HTTP SENCHA POST GET SUBSCRIBE NOTIFY M-SEARCH GET POST HTTP SUBSCRIBE GENA(General Event Notification Architecutre)[25] NOTIFY M-SEARCH SSDP SENCHA ASCII UNIX UNIX MIME ASCII text/plain property=value CGI application/xwww-urlencoded MIME REST 3.1 SENCHA PAC Appliance Controller UI Constructor REST SOAP SubReg=Subscription 23

31 Registry Publisher HTTP POST 3.1: REST [6] REST / SENCHA Peer-to-Peer 3.3 REST SENCHA 3.2 PAC SSDP PAC 24

32 3.2: PAC PAC HTML HTTP URL Macromedia Flash Microsoft PowerPoint UI PAC UI HTML PAC POST UI 3.4 PAC 3.5 PAC 3.5 TV 25

33 3.3: UI 3.4: UI 26

34 3.5: PAC PAC SID 2 SID PAC SID PAC 3.4 SID PAC MIME URI 2 Subscription ID 27

35 3.6: 3.6 PAC TV 3 Data Sink Media Server Data Source URL POST POST Data Source URI ) TV Data Sink URI pullpac POST URI http Data Source Data Sink Data Source TV Playback play 3.7 UI 3.7 TV HTTP, video/mpeg audio/mpeg Media Server 3.4 Java Java 3.1 RDF HTTP GET 3 JMF 28

36 3.7: UI monitorable HTTP POST 4 monitorable controllable monitorable controllable POST TV Data Sink URI POST 5 29

37 controllable monitorable Table Light power on, off 14 brightness 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 24 6 Ceiling Light power on, off 14 TV power on, off 14 channel 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 49 10, 12 volume 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 35 TV power on, off 14 playback played, 21 resumed, stoped Data Sink ( URI) Media Server Data Source ( ) Bed issomebodyon true, false 16 Chair seated true, false : 30

38 4 REST REST PC Java PC tomcat axis 1.2RC2 2 CPU celeron 800MHz Pentium III 866MHz 384MB 384MB OS RedHat9 RedHat9 JavaVM NIC Intel(R) PRO/100 VE Intel(R) PRO/100 VE 4.1: REST SOAP SEN- CHA SOAP tomcat REST oscar Jetty WEB tomcat Java SOAP REST power power on off HTTP 31

39 SOAP REST java.net.httpurlconnection SOAP Apache Axis[16] XML xercesimpl[29] REST SOAP REST/SOAPのパフォーマンス比較ミリ秒 REST set SOAP get set get 500 クエリ数 : REST SOAP SOAP XML SOAP SOAP Axis Axis jar REST servlet.jar SOAP SOAP REST 32

40 jar kb axis.jar 1100 jaxrpc.jar 35 commons-logging.jar 31 commons-discovery.jar 66 saaj.jar 18 servlet.jar : SOAP SOAP REST HTTP SOAP SOAP REST SOAP(bytes) REST(bytes) : REST UPnP GENA Genaral Event Notification Architecture 1 ethereal ( 33

41 REST POST 3.5 URI REST URI REST HTTP consensus SOAP HTTP HTTP WWW HTTP HTTP SENCHA PAC PDA 34

42 REST RDF REST REST WWW WWW REST SENCHA REST SENCHA 35

43 4.3.1 SENCHA IP monitorable URI URI WEB MIME HTTP REST REST 36

44 Speakeasy [9] 37

45 5 5.1 Jini Jini[26] Sun Microsystems UPnP Java JavaRMI JavaRMI Lookup Lookup 5.2 ICrafter ICrafter[4] Interactive workspace UI UI SENCHA UI UI PowerSwitchInterface Java UI generator UI DataConsumer DataProducer

46 5.3 SpeakEasy SpeakEasy[9] Xerox Palo Alto Jini Jini 5.1 SpeakEasy syntax semantic 39

47 6 SENCHA REST REST SOAP REST HTTP REST Newmarch[10] UPnP REST SOAP REST REST REST REST pushed released REST REST-enabled REST-enabled SENCHA UPnP HAVi Jini REST WWW WWW REST 40

48 41

49 [1] Mark Wiser: The Computer for the 21st Century, Scientific American, 265(3):94 104, Sep [2] Hiroo Ishikawa, Yuuki Ogata, Kazuto Adachi, and Tatsuo Nakajima: Building Smart Appliance Integration Middleware on the OSGi Framework, In proceedings of The 7th IEEE International Symposium on Object-oriented Realtime distributed Computing, May [3] : SENCHA: 7 (SPA2004), Jun [4] Shankar R. Ponnekanti, Brian Lee, Armando Fox, Pat Hanrahan, and Terry Winograd: ICrafter : A Service Framework for Ubiquitous Computing Environments, In Proceedings of UBICOMP Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Sep [5] Irene Mavrommati, Achilles Kameas: The evolution of objects into hyperobjects: will it be mostly harmless?, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, ACM. vol.7, no ISSN , pp , July [6] Roy T. Fielding: Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architecture, PhD thesis, Univ. of California, Irvine, [7] Roy T. Fielding and Richard N. Taylor: Principled Design of the Modern Web Architecture, In proceedings of 22nd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2000), Limerick, Ireland, June [8] Roy T. Fielding and Richard N. Taylor: Principled Design of the Modern Web Architecture, ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, Vol2, No. 2, pp , May [9] W. Keith Edwards, Mark W. Newman, Jana Z. Sedivy: The case for Recombinant Computing, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center Technical Report CSL-01-1, April 20, [10] Jan Newmarch: A RESTful Approach: Clean UPnP without SOAP, IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, Jan [11] OSGi Alliance 42

50 [12] UPnP Forum [13] RDF: Resource Description Framework [14] Web Services Description Language (WSDL) [15] Jena 2 - A Semantic Web Framework [16] Apache Axis [17] Apache Tomcat [18] SOAP Specifications [19] X10 [20] Notation3 [21] N-Triples: W3C RDF Core WG Internal Working Draft [22] CORBA IIOP Specification formal/corba_iiop.htm [23] DCOM /library/en-us/dndcom/html/msdn_dcomtec.asp [24] URI [25] Genaral Event Notification Architecture (GENA) [26] Jini [27] HAVi (Home Audio Video Interoperability) [28] SSDP specification 43

51 [29] Xerces Java Parser 44

52 A WSDL A.1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> - <wsdl:definitions targetnamespace=" xmlns=" xmlns:apachesoap=" xmlns:impl=" xmlns:intf=" xmlns:soapenc=" xmlns:wsdl=" xmlns:wsdlsoap=" xmlns:xsd=" - <wsdl:message name="getpowerresponse"> <wsdl:part name="getpowerreturn" type="xsd:string" /> </wsdl:message> - <wsdl:message name="setpowerrequest"> <wsdl:part name="value" type="xsd:string" /> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:message name="getpowerrequest" /> - <wsdl:message name="setpowerresponse"> <wsdl:part name="setpowerreturn" type="xsd:string" /> </wsdl:message> - <wsdl:porttype name="light"> - <wsdl:operation name="setpower" parameterorder="value"> <wsdl:input message="impl:setpowerrequest" name="setpowerrequest" /> <wsdl:output message="impl:setpowerresponse" name="setpowerresponse" /> </wsdl:operation> - <wsdl:operation name="getpower"> <wsdl:input message="impl:getpowerrequest" name="getpowerrequest" /> <wsdl:output message="impl:getpowerresponse" name="getpowerresponse" /> </wsdl:operation> </wsdl:porttype> - <wsdl:binding name="lightsoapbinding" type="impl:light"> <wsdlsoap:binding style="rpc" transport=" /> - <wsdl:operation name="setpower"> <wsdlsoap:operation soapaction="" /> - <wsdl:input name="setpowerrequest"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingstyle=" namespace=" use="encoded" /> </wsdl:input> - <wsdl:output name="setpowerresponse"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingstyle=" namespace=" use="encoded" /> </wsdl:output> </wsdl:operation> - <wsdl:operation name="getpower"> <wsdlsoap:operation soapaction="" /> - <wsdl:input name="getpowerrequest"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingstyle=" namespace=" use="encoded" /> </wsdl:input> 45

53 - <wsdl:output name="getpowerresponse"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingstyle=" namespace=" use="encoded" /> </wsdl:output> </wsdl:operation> </wsdl:binding> - <wsdl:service name="lightservice"> - <wsdl:port binding="impl:lightsoapbinding" name="light"> <wsdlsoap:address location=" /> </wsdl:port> </wsdl:service> </wsdl:definitions> 46

B HNS 7)8) HNS ( ( ) 7)8) (SOA) HNS HNS 4) HNS ( ) ( ) 1 TV power, channel, volume power true( ON) false( OFF) boolean channel volume int

B HNS 7)8) HNS ( ( ) 7)8) (SOA) HNS HNS 4) HNS ( ) ( ) 1 TV power, channel, volume power true( ON) false( OFF) boolean channel volume int SOA 1 1 1 1 (HNS) HNS SOA SOA 3 3 A Service-Oriented Platform for Feature Interaction Detection and Resolution in Home Network System Yuhei Yoshimura, 1 Takuya Inada Hiroshi Igaki 1, 1 and Masahide Nakamura