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1 Physiological Studies on Functional Development of Body Equilibrium Takahiro Yamada, Michitoshi Ohno, Hiromichi Shirato Eiji Takahashi, Hideo Miyata, Takashi Tokita Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University School of Medicine Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu City Hospital To clarify the mechanism of the development of equilibrium skills, a study was done of subjects standing on a freely movable balance-board who practiced maintaining their balance while moving freely in a left-right direction. Swayings of the head and of the body's center of gravity (BCG), activities of both soleus muscles and the inclination of the balance-board before and after training were recorded with a polygraph and analyzed with the use of a 5-dimensional feed back model. We observed acquisition, maintenance and transfer gained by training. (1) Ac quisition was manifested by the effects of training on four healthy adults using a balance-board for 30 minutes daily for two months. (2) Maintenance was manifested in two of the subjects by grades of acquisition after a rest period of a month. (3) Transfer was manifested by the effects of training in two separate healthy adults standing on one foot for 20 minutes daily for two months instead of using a balance-board. Results : (1) Acquisition training using a balance-board led to regular swayings of the head and BCG, and steady activities of both soleus muscles without burst discharge, with subsequent horizontal maintainability of the balance-board. Swayings of the head and BCG and muscle activity corresponded to the movement of the balance-board. Muscle activity, especially, showed high power and fine control up to a high frequency. (2) Maintenance acquired balance-board training effects were decreased, but maintained. (3) Transfer : the ability to maintain balance acquired by training in standing on one foot to some degree equalled that acquired by using a balance-board. We noted that maintenance of a steady standing posture was possible because labyrinthine and proprioceptive postural regulations became precise with predominant improvement in spinal proprioceptive reflexes. Key words: equilibrium skills, training using a balance-board, acquisition, maintenance, transfer

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4 EquilibriumResVo1.52(2) 表1訓 :変 図,積 分 筋 電 図,台 化 な し, :周 練 成 績(ポ 波 数 の 増 加, :振 リ グ ラ フ記録) 幅 の 減 少,を 示 す の傾 斜 を示 して い る 頭 部 動 揺 は振 幅 が5 15cmで,周 期 が Hzで 不 規 則 で あ る 重 心 動 揺 は 振 幅 が2.5 15cmと 変 動 が 大 き い 周 期 は 約2Hzで 活 動 は,左 あ る ひ ら め 筋 右 差 を 認 め 左 は 群 化 が 著 明 で,群 化 の 振 幅 と持 続 に 変 動 が 認 め られ る 右 は 筋 活 動 が 少 な く僅 か に 筋 活 動 の 変 動 を 認 め る 台 は 左 右 へ の 接 地 を 繰 り 返 し,水 平 に 維 持 さ れ て い な い 図3は 同 じ被 験 者 の 訓 練2ヵ 月後閉眼 のポ リグ ラ フ記 録 で あ る 頭 部 動 揺 は 振 幅 が 約5cmで 練 前 と比 べ 小 さ くな り,周 期 が1 2Hzで 訓 訓練 前 と比 べ 早 く な る と と も に 規 則 的 に な っ て い る 重 心 動 揺 は 振 幅 の 変 動 が 小 さ く な り,周 期 が 約3Hz で 早 く な っ て い る ひ ら め 筋 活 動 は 群 化 を 認 め 難 く な り,筋 活 動 が 持 続 的 で 変 動 が 少 な く な っ て い る 台 は 周 期 約2Hzで め,接 速 や か な左 右 の 傾 斜 を 認 図4パ 地 しな く な っ て い る 4名 の 成 績 を 表1に ワ ー ス ペ ク トル (正 常 者29歳 頭 部 動 揺 で は,被 験 者1,2は,振 幅 が 明 らか に 低 下 し周 期 が 早 く な っ て い る 3,4で は な い 重 心 動 揺 で は,被 は 明 らか で 験 者1,2は,振 の3名 幅の減 は20 30歳 代 で あ っ た 可 の1名 は認 め な い ひ ら め筋 活 動 ② で は,被 験 者1,2,3で は,群 代 表 例 を提 示 す る へ と 変 化 して い る が,4で 化 放電 か ら持 続 放 電 は 変 化 が 小 さ く群 化 放 電 の 持 続 時 間 の み 減 少 し て い る 台 は,被 心,ひ あ 筋,台 図4に 験 者1, で 効 果 を 認 め た も の を 優,ひ で 効 果 を 認 あ た も の を 良,台 を 認 あ た も の を 可 と 評 価 し た 4名 い て,優2名,良1名,可1名 分 析 パ ワ ー ス ペ ク トル を 示 し た 左 が 訓 練 前, 右 が 訓 練 後,上 も接 地 持 続 時 間 の 減 少 を 認 め る 頭,重 ら め 筋,台 は50歳 代 で あ った 少 を 認 あ る が,3,4で 2,3,4と 男 性) 示 す か ら 順 に 頭,重 左 ひ ら め 筋,台 ら Hzで のみ で効果 心,右 ひ ら め 筋, のパ ワーを示 す 周 波数 範開 は あ る 訓 練 前 に 比 べ て 訓 練 後 の 台, 左 右 ひ ら め 筋 は 高 い 周 波 数 ま で パ ワ ー が 大 き くtf{ の被験 者 に お い制 御 が な さ れ て い る これ に比 べ頭 は あ ま りパ で あ っ た 優,良 ワ ー に 差 が 認 め られ な い 頭 の 働 き よ り ひ ら め 筋 (228)

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11 Equilibrium Res Vol. 52 (2) , ) Miyoshi T, et al : Effect of repetitive optokinetic stimulation upon optokinetic and vestibular responses. Acta Otolaryngol 75 : , ) Brandt T, et al : Postural imbalance with head extension : improvenent by training as a model for ataxia therapy. Ann NY Acad Sci 374 : , ) Knaup H, et al : Time course of training effect on postual instability by standing on one leg. Naunry-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 322 : 317, ) Michele W, et al : Time course of training on one foot. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl (Stockh) 406 : , ) Collins WE : Vestibular responses from figure skaters. Aerospace Medicine 37 15) Halstead a. Fearing : Further evidence of cellebellar influence in the habituation of afternystagmus in pigeon. America. Jour. 18) Dichgans J, Bizzi E, Morasso P, et al Mechanisms underlying recovery of eyehead coordination following bilateral labyrinthectomy in monkyes. Exp Brain Res 18 : , 1973 (235)

12 Equilibrium Res Vol. 52 (2) 22) Tokita T,. Takagi K, Ito Y : Analysis of the vestibulo-spinal system with a five dementional feedback model. Acta Oto laryngol (Stockh) 104 : , 1987 (236)

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