, Pushing exercise/pulling exercise Thermal-tactile stimulation Supraglottic swallow Super-supraglottic swallow Pseudo-supraglotti

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1 HP HP Masako Masako s maneuver Shaker exercise Blowing exercise

jp/wp-content/uploads/file/doc/vf8-1-p71-86.

2 , Pushing exercise/pulling exercise Thermal-tactile stimulation Supraglottic swallow Super-supraglottic swallow Pseudo-supraglottic swallow Coughing, Huffing, Forced expiration Palatal Augmentation Prosthesis PAP Electrical stimulation therapy Effortful swallow Hard swallow Palatal lift prosthesis PLP Biofeedback Mendelsohn maneuver K-point Think swallow Neck rotation Head rotation Chin down Chin tuck 1 1

Augmentation Prosthesis PAP Electrical stimulation therapy Effortful swallow Hard swallow Palatal lift

3 ice chip ice chip swallow

4 , Tongue holding maneuver, Masako s maneuver * 1 Fujiu M, Logemann JA: Effect of a tongue-holding maneuver on posterior pharyngeal wall movement during deglutition. Am J Speech Lang Pathol, 5: 23 30, * tongue thrust F gag* 20 cm 1 2 gag * Gag reflex pharyngeal reflex Gag reflex

deglutition. Am J Speech Lang Pathol, 5: 23 30, 1996.

5 648 Q&A Shaker exercise, Head Raising exercise, Head Lift exercise PES UES up and down PT ST Shaker R, Easterling C, Kern M, et al: Rehabilitation of swallowing by exercise in tube-fed patients with pharyngeal dysphagia secondary to abnormal UES opening, Gastroenterology, 122: , Shaker R, Kern M, Bardan E, et al: Augmentation of deglutitive upper esophageal sphincter opening in the elderly by exercise, Am J Physiol, 272 Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 35 : G1518 G1522, Hojo K, Fujishima I, Ohno T, et al: Research into the effectiveness how well the balloon dilatation method causes the desired out-

3 Shaker R, Kern M, Bardan E, et al: Augmentation of deglutitive upper esophageal sphincter opening in the elderly by exercise, Am J Physiol, 272 Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 35 :

6 , come for cricopharyngeal dysphagia at the chronic stage in cerebrovascular disease, Jpn J Speech Lang Heari Res, 3 3 : , Blowing exercise * * Pushing exercise/pulling exercise Froeschels E, Kastain S, Weiss DA: A method of therapy for paralytic conditions of the mechanics of phonation, respiration, and deglutination, J Speech Hear Disord, 20: , Boone RB, McFarlane CS: The Voice and Voice Therapy, 4th ed

9Blowing exercise * * 1 3 1 2 2005 50 61 79 2 2001 138 147 3 2001 286 10Pushing exercise/pulling exercise 1 2 3 1 Froeschels E,

7 , Yamaguchi H, Yotsukura Y, Sata H, et al: Pushing exercise program to correct glottal incompetence, J Voice, 7: , Thermal-tactile stimulation Logemann Logemann JA: Evaluation and Treatment of Swallowing Disorders, 2nd ed, Pro-ed, Texas, 1998, Rosenbek JC, Robbins J, Willford WO, et al: Comparing treatment: Intensities of tactile-thermal application, Dysphagia, 13: 1 9, Sciortino KF, Liss JM, Case JL, et al: Effects of mechanical, cold, gustatory, and combined stimulation to the human anterior faucial pillars, Dysphagia, 18: 16 26, Thermal stimulation tactile-thermal or thermal-tactile stimulation or application 2 5 gag Thermal tactile stimulation

2 Rosenbek JC, Robbins J, Willford WO, et al: Comparing treatment: Intensities of tactile-thermal application, Dysphagia, 13: 1 9, 1998.

8 , gag Logemann JA: Evaluation and Treatment of Swallowing Disorders, College-Hill Press, San Diego, 1983, Lazzara G, Lazarus C, Logemann JA: Impact of thermal stimulation on triggering on the swallowing reflex, Dysphagia, 1: 73 77, Rosenbek JC, Robbins J, Willford WO, et al: Comparing treatment intensities of tactile-thermal application, Dysphagia, 13 1 : 1 9, Thermal stimulation Q & A Supraglottic swallow * Super-supraglottic swallow Pseudo-supraglottic swallow * supraglottic laryngectomy Logemann Breath-hold maneuver Super-supraglottic swallow voluntary airway protection Logemann JA: Evaluation and Treatment of Swallowing Disorders, 2nd ed Logemann Ohmae Y, Logemann JA, Kaiser P, et al: Effects of two breath-holding maneuvers on oropharyngeal swallow, Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, : , 1996.

4 Rosenbek JC, Robbins J, Willford WO, et al: Comparing treatment intensities of tactile-thermal application, Dysphagia, 13 1 : 1 9, 1998.

9 652 2 VF MB ENT Coughing, Forced expiration or Huffing Pontifex E, Williams MT, Lunn R, et al: The effect of huffing and directed coughing on energy expenditure in young asymptomatic subjects. Aust J Physiother, 48 3 : , Palatal Augmentation Prosthesis PAP

al: The effect of huffing and directed coughing on energy expenditure in young

10 , PAP VF PAP 1 Logemann JA, Kahrilas PJ, Hurst P, et al: Effects of intraoral prosthetics on swallowing in patients with oral cancer, Dysphagia, 4: , Marunick M, Tselios N: The efficacy of palatal augmentation prostheses for speech and swallowing in patients undergoing glossectomy: A review of the literature, J Prosthet Dent, 91: 67 74, PAP Electrical stimulation therapy therapeutic electrical stimulation; TES functional electrical stimulation; FES Carnaby-Mann GD, Crary MA: Examining the evidence on neuromuscular electrical stimulation for swallowing: A meta-analysis, Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 133: , Freed ML, Freed L, Chatburn RL, et al: Electrical stimulation for swallowing disorders caused by stroke, Respir Care, 46: , 2001.

3 PAP 5 9 76 82 2005 4 9 3283 290 2005 5 1 36 360 364 1995 6 Electrical stimulation therapy therapeutic electrical stimulation; TES functional electrical stimulation; FES 1 2 3 1 Carnaby-Mann GD,

11 654 3 Ludlow CL, Humbert I, Saxon K, et al: Effects of surface electrical stimulation both at rest and during swallowing in chronic pharyngeal dysphagia, Dysphagia, 22: 1 10, Effortful swallow Hard swallow 1 Logemann, JA: Evaluation and Treatment of Swallowing Disorders, 2nd ed, Pro-ed, Austin, Texas, 1998, Crary MA, Groher ME: 2007, Palatal Lift Prosthesis PLP 1 Logemann JA Logemann Fujishima type Biofeedback Denk DM, Kaider A: Videoendoscopic biofeedback: A simple method to improve the efficacy of swallowing rehabilitation of patients after head and neck surgery. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec, 59: , Crary MA, Groher ME: Basic concepts of surface electromyographic biofeedback in the treatment of dysphagia, Am J Speech-Lang Pathol, 9: , Lazarus CL, Logemann JA, Pauloski BR, et al: Effects of radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy on tongue strength and swallowing in patients with oral cancer, Head Neck, 29: , 2007.

8Palatal Lift Prosthesis PLP 1 Logemann JA Logemann 1 2000 161 163 2 Fujishima type 7 134 40 2003 9Biofeedback 1 2 3 1 Denk DM, Kaider A: Videoendoscopic biofeedback: A simple method to improve the

12 , Mendelsohn * maneuver hyolaryngeal elevationpharyngeal contraction surface electromyography apneic phase of the swallow 1 Mendelsohn MS, Martin RE: Airway protection during breath holding, Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 102: 941, Ding R, Larson CR, Logemann JA, et al: Surface electromyographic and electroglottographic studies in normal subjects under two swallow conditions: Normal and during the Mendelsohn maneuver, Dysphagia, 17 1 : 1 12, Lazarus C, Logemann JA, Gibbons P: Effects of maneuvers on swallowing function in a dysphagic oral cancer patient, Head Neck, 15 5 : , * Mendelsohn Mendelsohn Giselle Carnaby-Mann MASA SLP 11 K-point K-point K-point Kpoint K-point

2 Ding R, Larson CR, Logemann JA, et al: Surface electromyographic and electroglottographic studies in normal subjects under two swallow conditions: Normal and during the

13 656 1 Kojima C, Fujishima I, Ohkuma R, et al: Jaw opening and swallow triggering method for bilateral-brain-damaged patients: K-point stimulation, Dysphagia, 17: , Think swallow 1 Larsen GL: Conservative management for incomplete dysphagia paralytica, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 54: , Head rotation* * head rotation neck rotation Head

1 Think swallow 1 Larsen GL: Conservative management for incomplete dysphagia paralytica, Arch Phys

14 , Logemann JA, Kahrilas PJ, Kobara M, et al: The benefit of head rotation on pharyngoesophageal dysphagia, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 70: , Crary M, Groher M: Introduction to Adult Swallowing Disorders, mm 1 2 ml Diet modification consistencyviscosity cohesiveness adhesivenesstexture

3 10 249 256 2006 4 13 3 9 2009 5 6 64 67 2002 6 Crary M, Groher M: Introduction to Adult Swallowing

15 658 1 texture 2 very thin liquidthick liquid semisolid 3 texture 1 Groher ME: Selection of Foods, Dysphagia: Diagnosis and Management, 3 rd ed, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997, Groher ME: Bolus management and aspiration pneumonia in patients with pseudobulbar dysphagia, Dysphagia, 1: , MB Med Reha, ml 20 ml ml 5 9 g ml ml 0.1 ml

2 Groher ME: Bolus management and aspiration pneumonia in patients with pseudobulbar dysphagia, Dysphagia, 1:

16 , Lazarus CL, Logemann JA, Rademaker AW, et al: Effects of bolus volume, viscosity, and repeated swallows in nonstroke subjects and stroke patients, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 74: ,

Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 74: 1066 1070, 1993.

17 Daniels and Worthingham s Manual Muscle Testing, 8th ed

18 , chin downchin tuck 4 Daniels Manual Muscle Testing videofluorography Chin down Hislop H J, Montgomery J: Daniels and Worthingham s Muscle Testing, 8th ed, Saunders, 2007, Chin down Chin tuck

Chin down 9 2148 158 1973 5 Hislop H J, Montgomery J: Daniels and Worthingham s

19 Shanahan TK, Logemann JA, Randemaker AW, et al: Chin down posture effect on aspiration in dysphagic patients, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 74: , Welch MV, Logemann JA, Rademaker AW, et al: Changes in pharyngeal dimensions effected by chin tuck, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 74: , Ekberg O: Posture of the head and pharyngeal swallowing, Acta Radiol Diagn, 27: , Crary M, Groher M: Introduction to Adult Swallowing Disorders, Logemann JA, Kahrilas PJ, Kobara M, et al: The benefit of head rotation on pharyngeal dysphagia, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, : , Ohmae Y, Ogura M, Kitahara S, et al: Effects of head rotation on pharyngeal function during swallow, Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, : , Ertekin C, Keskin A, Kiylioglu N, et al: The effect of head and neck positions on oropharyngeal swallowing: A clinical and electrophysiologic study, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 82 9 : ,

3 Ekberg O: Posture of the head and pharyngeal swallowing, Acta Radiol Diagn, 27: 691 696, 1986.

20 , * 2 2 VF VE *

56 13blowing exercise 14 15LSVTLee Silverman Voice Treatment 16Pushing exercise/pulling exercise 17Thermal-tactile stimulation 18 19 20 21 22 1 suprag

56 13blowing exercise 14 15LSVTLee Silverman Voice Treatment 16Pushing exercise/pulling exercise 17Thermal-tactile stimulation 18 19 20 21 22 1 suprag 18155 89, 2014 55 * 50 20102014 8171 862004 HP http://info.fujita-hu.ac.jp/~rehabmed/jsdr/ennge_zouei/vf8-1-p71-86.pdf 113389-4022007 HP http://info.fujita-hu.ac.jp/~rehabmed/jsdr/endoscope.pdf 13131 492009